GB 50016-2014Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (2018 Edition) (English PDF)

2.1 Terminologies

2.1.1 High-rise building

The residential buildings with height larger than 27m and the non-single-storey

factory-buildings, storages and other civil buildings with height larger than 24m.

Note. The calculation of building height shall meet those specified in Appendix A of this code.

2.1.2 Podium

The ancillary building with height not larger than 24m, which is beyond the projection

of the main body of high-rise building but is connected with the main body.

2.1.3 Important public building

The public building which may cause heavy casualties, property loss and severe

social impact in case of fire.

2.1.4 Commercial facilities

Small business houses such as stores, post offices, savings banks, barbershops

located on the first floor or on the first floor and second floor of residential buildings,

with the building area of each separated unit not larger than 300m2.

2.1.5 High rack storage

Mechanical or automatic rack storage, with rack height larger than 7m.

2.1.6 Semi-basement

A floor of a building, with the average height of the room ground below the outdoor

design ground for 1/3~1/2 of the average clear height of such room.

3.1 Classification of Fire Hazards

3.1.1 Fire hazards of production shall be classified according to such factors as the

properties and quantity of substances used or generated during production, may be

classified into Categories A, B, C, D and E, and shall be in accordance with those

specified in Table 3.1.1.

3.1.2 When production with different fire hazards is carried out in a factory-building

or in any fire compartment of the factory-building, the fire hazard category of

production in factory-building or in fire compartment shall be determined according to

the part with higher fire hazard; when the quantity of flammables or combustibles

used or generated during production process is small and is insufficient to constitute

explosion or fire hazard, the fire hazard category may be determined according to the

actual conditions; when one of the following conditions is met, the fire hazard category

may be determined according to the part with lower fire hazard.

3.1.4 When articles of different fire hazards are stored in a storage or in any fire

compartment of storage, the fire hazard of this storage or fire compartment shall be

determined according to the articles with the highest fire hazard.

3.1.5 As for the storages of Categories D and E articles, if the weight of combustible

package is larger than 1/4 of that of the articles or the volume of combustible package

is larger than 1/2 of that of the articles, the fire hazard shall be determined as

Category C.

4.1 General Requirements

4.1.1 Class A, B and C liquid tank farm, LPG tank farm, combustible and

combustion-supporting gas tank farm and stackyard for combustibles shall be

arranged at the edge of urban (area) or in the relatively independent safety zone and

should be arranged at the windward side in the wind direction with the annual

minimum frequency.

Class A, B and C liquid tanks (tank farm) should be arranged in the zone with low

terrain. Where they are arranged in the zone with high terrain, security facilities shall

be adopted.

LPG tank (tank farm) should be arranged in the zone where liquefied petroleum is not

easy to be stored such as in places with flat and open terrain.

4.1.2 Category A liquid in barrel or bottle shall not be stored outdoors.

4.1.3 Non-combustible solid protection wall with the height not less than 1.0m

shall be arranged around the LPG tank group or tank farm.

4.1.4 Class A, B and C liquid tank farm, LPG tank farm, combustible and

combustion-supporting gas tank farm and stackyard for combustibles shall be

arranged separately from the loading area, auxiliary production area and office area.

4.1.5 The smallest horizontal distance between Class A, B and C liquid tanks, LPG

tanks, combustible and combustion-supporting gas tanks, combustibles stacks and

overhead power lines shall meet the requirements of 10.2.1 of this code.

4.2 Fire Separation Distance of Class A, B, C Liquid Tanks (Tank

Farm)

4.2.1 The fire separation distance between Class A, B and C liquid tanks (tank

farm)/ barreled Class B and C liquid stackyard and other buildings shall not be

less than those specified in Table 4.2.1.

4.2.10 The distance between zero-position tank and railway for loading and

unloading line which it belongs to shall not be less than 6m.

4.2.11 The fire separation distance between the tanks (tank farm) of oil depot and

building, the arrangement of and fire separation distance between the storage tanks in

oil depot and the fire separation distance between storage tank and such buildings as

pump room and loading and unloading arms in oil depot shall meet the requirements

of the current national standard "Code for Design of Oil Depot" (GB 50074).

5.1 Classification and Fire Resistance Class

5.1.1 Civil buildings may be classified into single-/multi-storey civil buildings and

high-rise civil buildings according to their building height and number of storeys.

High-rise civil buildings may be classified into Category I and Category II according to

their building height, use function and floor building area. The classification of civil

buildings shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 5.1.1.

5.1.2 The fire resistance class of civil buildings may be classified into Classes I, II, III

and IV. Unless otherwise stated in this code, as for the buildings of different fire

resistance classes, the combustion performance and fire resistance rating of their

corresponding elements shall not be inferior to the requirements of Table 5.1.2.

5.1.3 The fire resistance class of civil buildings shall be determined according

to such factors as their building height, use function, importance and fire

suppression difficulty, and shall meet the following requirements.

5.1.3A Except timber buildings, care facilities for the aged people shall reach at

least Class III fire resistance.

5.1.4 As for civil buildings with height larger than 100m, the fire resistance

rating of their floor slabs shall not be less than 2.00h.

As for the accessible flat roof of such buildings with Class I or II fire resistance,

the fire resistance rating of their roof slabs shall not be less than 1.50h and

1.00h respectively.

5.1.5 The roof slab of the buildings with Class I or II fire resistance shall be made of

non-combustible materials.

The roof waterproof layer should adopt non-combustible or difficult-combustible

materials. If combustible waterproof materials are adopted and laid over combustible

or difficult-combustible thermal insulation materials, the waterproof materials or the

combustible/difficult-combustible thermal insulation materials shall be protected with

non-combustible materials.

5.1.6 As for the difficult-combustible partition walls of rooms in the buildings with

Class II fire resistance, their fire resistance rating shall not be less than 0.75h; when

the building area of room is not larger than 100m2, the room partition walls may adopt

the difficult-combustible wall body with fire resistance rating not less than 0.50h or

non-combustible wall body with fire resistance rating not less than 0.30h.

As for the floor slabs made of prestressed reinforced concrete in the multi-storey

residential buildings with Class II fire resistance, their fire resistance rating shall not be

less than 0.75h.

5.1.7 If it is necessary to adopt metal sandwich panels as the non-load-bearing

exterior wall, partition walls between rooms and roof slab in buildings, the core

material shall be non-combustible and its fire resistance rating shall meet the relevant

requirements of this code.

6.1 Fire Wall

6.1.1 Fire wall shall be constructed directly onto the foundation or the

load-bearing structures like the frame and beam; the fire resistance rating of

load-bearing structures like the frame and beam shall not be less than that of

the fire wall.

The fire wall shall be parted from floor base to the bottom base of beam, floor

slab or roof slab. Where the fire resistance rating of the load-bearing structure

of high-rise factory-building (storage) and roof slab is less than 1.00h, and the

fire resistance rating of the load-bearing structure and roof slab of other

building roof is less than 0.50h, the fire wall shall be more than 0.5m taller than

the roof.

6.1.2 Where the horizontal distance from the center line of fire wall cross

section to the end-surface of skylight is less than 4.0m, and the end-surface of

skylight is combustible wall body, measures shall be taken to prevent the fire

from spreading.

6.1.3 Where the exterior wall of building is a difficult-combustible or combustible wall

body, the fire wall shall protrude the exterior surface of wall by more than 0.4m; the

exterior walls on both sides of fire wall shall be non-combustible wall bodies, the width

of which shall not be less than 2.0m and its fire resistance rating shall not be less than

that of the exterior wall.

In case the exterior wall of the building is non-combustible wall body, fire wall may not

protrude the exterior surface of wall, and the horizontal distance between the closest

edges of door, window or opening on both sides of fire wall shall not be less than 2.0m;

when measures such as arranging Class B fire window preventing fire horizontally

spreading are adopted, such distance is not limited.

6.1.4 The fire wall in a building should not be arranged at the corner, where it is

inevitable, the horizontal distance between the closest edges of door, window or

opening on the walls on both sides of interior angle shall not be less than 4.0m; where

measures such as arranging Class B fire window preventing fire horizontally

spreading is adopted, such distance is not limited.

6.1.5 Door, window or opening shall not be arranged on the fire wall; where it

is inevitable, Class A fire door and window unable to open or self-closing in

case of fire shall be arranged.

Pipes conveying combustible gas and Class A, B, C liquids are strictly

prohibited from penetrating the fire wall. Exhaust duct shall not be arranged

inside the fire wall.

6.1.6 Pipes, besides those specified in 6.1.5 of this code, should not penetrate the

fire wall; where it is inevitable, the firestop materials shall be adopted to fill the gaps

between wall and pipes tightly; non-combustible material shall be adopted as the

insulation material for pipes penetrating fire wall; where the pipes are of

difficult-combustible or combustible material, fire prevention measures shall be

adopted for pipes on both sides of fire wall.

7.1 Fire Lane

7.1.1 The roads in blocks shall consider the pass of fire vehicle and the distance

between the road center lines should not be greater than 160m.

When the length of building along street is greater than 150m or its total length is

greater than 220m, fire lane across the building shall be arranged. If it is difficult,

circular fire lane shall be arranged.

7.1.2 As for high-rise civil buildings and such single- or multi-storey public

buildings as gymnasiums with over 3,000 seats, assembly halls with over 2,000

seats and store buildings and exhibition halls with over 3,000m2 floor area, the

circular fire lane shall be arranged. If it is difficult, fire lane may be arranged

along the two long sides of those buildings; as for high-rise residential

buildings and the high-rise civil buildings nearby hilly land or watercourse, fire

lane may be arranged along one long side of those buildings, but the facade of

building with such long side shall be the ascending operation surface of fire

vehicle.

7.1.3 Fire lane shall be arranged in factories and storages.

As for high-rise factory-buildings, Categories A, B and C factory-buildings with

over 3,000m2 floor area as well as Categories B and C storages with over

1,500m2 floor area, the circular fire lane shall be arranged. If it is difficult, fire

lane shall be arranged along the two long sides of those buildings.

7.1.4 As for buildings with enclosed garth or courtyard, if the length of the short side

of garth or courtyard is greater than 24m, the fire lane leading to the garth or courtyard

should be arranged; if the buildings are located along street, the pedestrian

passageway connecting street and garth shall be arranged (through staircase) and

their spacing should not be greater than 80m.

7.1.5 Facilities hindering the pass of fire vehicle or the safe evacuation of personnel

shall not be arranged on neither side of fire lane across building or leading to its garth.

7.1.6 As for open stackyard for combustible material, LPG tank farm, Class A, B, C

liquid tank farms as well as combustible gas tank farm, the fire lane shall be arranged.

The arrangement of fire lane shall meet the following requirements.

8.1 General Requirements

8.1.1 The fire water supply as well as fire-fighting facilities shall be determined

comprehensively according to such factors as the purpose and significance of

buildings, fire hazard, fire characteristics and ambient conditions.

8.1.2 In cities and towns (including residential district, business district,

development area and industrial district, etc.), municipal fire hydrant system

shall be arranged along street on which fire vehicle can pass.

Outdoor fire hydrant system shall be arranged surrounding the civil buildings,

factory-buildings, storages, tanks (farm) and stackyards.

The roof for parking rescue and fire vehicle shall be arranged with outdoor fire

hydrant system.

Note. Outdoor fire hydrant system may not be arranged for not greater than 3,000m3

Category E factory-buildings with not less than Class II fire resistance rating as well as

residential district with not greater than two storeys and 500 residents.

8.1.3 Fire pump adapter shall be arranged for such systems as sprinkler

system, water spray extinguishing system, foam extinguishing system and

fixed fire monitor extinguishing system as well as the water supply system of

indoor fire hydrant of the following buildings.

8.1.4 The tanks in Class A, B, C liquid tanks (tank farm) shall be arranged with

movable hose or fixed water cooling facilities. As for Class A, B, C over-ground liquid

tanks with height greater than 15m or with single tank volume greater than 2,000m3,

the fixed water cooling facilities should be adopted.

8.1.5 As for LPG tanks (tank farm) with total volume greater than 50m3 or single tank

volume greater than 20m3, the fixed water cooling facilities shall be arranged. As for

embedded LPG tanks, the fixed spray cooling devices may not be arranged. As for

LPG tanks (tank farm) with total volume not greater than 50m3 or single tank volume

not greater than 20m3, the movable hose shall be arranged.

9.1 General Requirements

9.1.1 The heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems shall be taken with

proper fire prevention measures.

9.1.2 The air in Categories A and B factory-buildings shall not be recycled.

The air containing dusts or fibers of combustion or explosion hazard in

Category C factory-buildings shall be purified before recycling, and the particle

concentration in such air shall be 25% lower than its lower explosion limit.

9.1.3 Air supply and exhaust equipment serving for Categories A and B

factory-buildings shall be arranged in different ventilation houses respectively;

exhaust equipment shall not be arranged in the same ventilation house with the

air supply/exhaust equipment of other rooms.

9.1.4 Natural ventilating or independent mechanical ventilating facilities shall

be adopted for the rooms containing materials of fire or explosion hazard in

civil buildings, and such air shall not be recycled.

9.1.5 When the air contains lighter combustible gases, the whole horizontal air

exhaust pipe shall be laid by upward slope along the airflow direction.

9.1.6 The combustible gas pipelines and the pipelines of Class A, B, C liquid shall

not pass through any ventilation house or ventilating pipe, and shall not be laid near to

the outer wall of ventilating pipe.

9.2 Heating

9.2.1 The average surface temperature of radiators in the factory-buildings which

emit combustible dusts and fibers shall not be greater than 82.5 ; and the average

surface temperature of radiators at coal handling corridors shall not be greater than

130.

9.2.2 The open fire and electric heat radiators for heating are strictly forbidden

in Categories A and B factory-buildings (storages).

9.2.3 Non-recycling warm air heating shall be adopted for the following

factory-buildings.