GB 48014-2026Determination criteria for major accident hazards of senior care organization (English PDF)

Foreword

This document was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 “Directives for standardization — Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents”.

This is the first edition of the standard: it does not replace an earlier document.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the content of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document takes no responsibility for identifying them.

This document was proposed by, and is under the jurisdiction of, the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People’s Republic of China.

1 Scope

This document specifies the determination procedure, the determination rules, the direct determination factors and the comprehensive determination factors for major accident hazards of senior care organizations.

It applies to the determination of major accident hazards of senior care organizations.

2 Normative references

The content of the following documents constitutes, through normative reference in this text, indispensable provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition corresponding to that date applies; for undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies.

GB 31654 National food safety standard — General hygiene specification for catering services · GB 50016 Code for fire protection design of buildings · GB 55037 General code for fire protection of buildings

3 Terms and definitions

The following term and definition apply to this document.

3.1 Major accident hazards — a potentially unsafe situation arising in the operating activities of a senior care organization which is harmful or difficult to rectify and which may cause multiple deaths and injuries or major economic loss.

4 Determination procedure

Major accident hazards are determined by the following procedure: a) inspection — the hazard is found by an on-site investigation; b) verification — the situation is re-checked; c) determination — the case is decided in accordance with Clauses 5 to 7; d) demonstration — where the determination involves complex or difficult technical questions, or where this document is hard to apply, an expert group shall be set up to carry out a technical demonstration and produce a conclusive determination opinion; e) notification — the conclusion is notified to the senior care organization, together with the rectification requirements and control measures, and the elimination of the hazard is supervised.

5 Determination rules

5.1 Where any one of the determination factors of Clause 6 is met, the senior care organization shall be determined directly to have a major accident hazard.

5.2 Where six or more of the determination factors of Clause 7 are met, the senior care organization shall be determined, on a comprehensive basis, to have a major accident hazard. A determination factor that occurs repeatedly counts as one.

5.3 The following shall not be determined as a major accident hazard, nor used as a determination factor: a) a building or place where production or business has already stopped, or which is no longer in use; b) a safety hazard that can be rectified immediately and has been rectified on the spot.

6 Direct determination factors

Clause 6 lists twenty-five factors, any one of which is enough on its own, under four headings: 6.1 siting, two factors; 6.2 building, sixteen; 6.3 fire protection, five; and 6.4 other, two. Among them:

6.1 Siting. The organization is not kept at a safe distance from premises where flammable, explosive, toxic or otherwise dangerous goods are produced, traded, stored or transported; or it is placed in an area subject to flooding or geological disaster, such as the mouth of a flood gully, the edge of a flood channel or a mountain hollow.

6.2 Building. Housed in a building rated as a class C or class D dangerous building; the organization, other than its offices and ancillary rooms, arranged on a storey whose design floor level is more than 54 m; bedrooms or rest rooms for older people placed underground or half underground; not separated from other premises — including a medical institution sharing the same building — by fire doors, fire windows, fire partition walls of at least 2 h fire resistance and floor slabs of at least 1 h; refuge rooms not provided as required by GB 55037 and GB 50016; large amounts of flammable or combustible material used in the decoration; a building of more than 5 000 m³ without an indoor hydrant system; twenty beds or more without an automatic extinguishing system, or without an automatic fire alarm system; no combustible gas alarm and automatic cut-off device in a kitchen using gas; and only one safety exit.

6.3 Fire protection. The hydrant system installed has no water in the mains, or its fire pump cannot be started either automatically or by hand, or the pump control cabinet is not connected to the fire power supply, the supply has failed or the control is ineffective; the automatic extinguishing system has a fire pump that cannot be started, an unpowered or failed pump control cabinet, or an alarm valve that cannot be started; the automatic fire alarm system has an unpowered fire alarm control unit, keys that do not work, no display of fire or fault and no audible alarm, or a linkage controller that is unpowered or ineffective; the fire control room is not manned 24 hours a day; and the escape routes, safety exits or fire lanes are completely occupied, blocked or closed.

6.4 Other. Special equipment such as lifts, boilers and oxygen pipelines used without a production licence, without passing inspection, beyond the inspection validity, ordered out of use by the state or already scrapped; and the charging of electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric wheelchairs or their batteries inside the building.

7 Comprehensive determination factors

Clause 7 lists twenty-eight factors, six or more of which together make the organization a major-hazard case, under three headings: 7.1 daily management, sixteen factors; 7.2 building fire protection, facilities and equipment, nine; and 7.3 food and medical hygiene, three. Among them:

7.1 Daily management. No building safety inspection and maintenance system and no building safety emergency plan; no safety management system for fire, food, special equipment and inspection, and no named person responsible for safety and no safety officer; no daily safety patrol, including not fewer than two night patrols, and no record or handling of the hazards found; special equipment, electrical, gas, fire, alarm and emergency rescue installations not inspected and maintained periodically as required; no pre-job and quarterly safety training, with staff who do not know the escape routes and the emergency procedure for their post; no fire drills and emergency drills; open flames used by older people not centrally managed; smoking outside the designated areas; no daily night patrol of older people who have lost the capacity for self-care; no service contract signed with the older person or their agent; carers put to work without passing training; and a carer-to-resident ratio that does not meet the requirement.

7.2 Building fire protection, facilities and equipment. No fire lift in an organization of five storeys or more with a floor area of more than 3 000 m², including one placed on the fifth floor or above of another building; no fire separation and zoned management from the other occupants of the same building; cable shafts and trays passing through fire walls, partition walls, shaft walls, expansion joints and floors without the required fire stopping; no emergency lighting, escape direction signs, exit signs or fire rescue opening signs at the escape routes and exits, and no escape plan displayed as required; escape doors fitted with access control that does not release automatically; damaged fire doors or fire shutters; obstacles on doors and windows that hinder escape and fire fighting; no stretchers, wheelchairs, call devices or filtering fire-escape breathing apparatus provided; and electrical wiring and sockets used without compulsory certification.

7.3 Food and medical hygiene. Staff handling food that is eaten directly without a health certificate or matching health proof; an in-house medical institution without qualified medical and health professionals; and no emergency plan for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. The hygiene of the canteen and the cleaning and disinfection of tableware are judged against GB 31654.