GB/T 8196-2018Safety of machinery -- Guards -- General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards (English PDF)

Foreword

This Standard was drafted as per the rules specified in GB/T 1.1-2009.

This Standard replaced GB/T 8196-2003 Safety of Machinery - Guards - General Requirements

for the Design and Construction of Fixed and Movable Guards. Compared with GB/T 8196-

2003, the major technical changes of this Standard are as follows besides the editorial

modifications.

--- Increase the ergonomic requirements for power-operated guards (see 5.2.5.4 of this

Edition);

--- Increase the requirements for guards with conductive parts (see 5.13 of this Edition);

--- Increase the requirements for anti-climbing (see 5.18 of this Edition);

--- Refine the requirements for fasteners of guards (see 5.19 of this Edition; 7.2 of 2003

Edition);

--- Refine verification and validation of safety requirements for guards (see Clause 7 of this

Edition; Clause 8 of 2003 Edition);

--- Add examples of retaining fasteners (see Annex A of this Edition);

--- Add test methods (see Annexes B and C of this Edition);

--- Delete Annexes B and C (see Annexes B and C of 2003 Edition).

This Standard used the translation method to equivalently adopt ISO 14120.2015 Safety of

Machinery - Guards - General Requirements for the Design and Construction of Fixed and

Movable Guards.

The Chinese documents that have a consistent correspondence with the international documents

normatively cited in this Standard are as follows.

--- GB/T 18569.1-2001 Safety of Machinery - Reduction of Risks to Health from Hazardous

Substances Emitted by Machinery - Part 1.Principles and Specifications for Machinery

Manufacturers (eqv ISO 14123-1.1998);

--- GB/T 18831-2017 Safety of Machinery - Interlocking Devices Associated with Guards -

Principles for Design and Selection (ISO 14119.2013, IDT);

--- GB/T 19876-2012 Safety of Machinery - Positioning of Safeguards with respect to the

Approach Speeds of Parts of the Human Body (ISO 13855.2010, IDT);

--- GB/T 19891-2005 Safety of Machinery - Hygiene Requirements for the Design of

Machinery (ISO 14159.2002, IDT);

--- GB/T 23821-2009 Safety of Machinery - Safety Distances to Prevent Hazard Zones being

Reached by Upper and Lower Limbs (ISO 13857.2008, IDT).

This Standard made the following editorial modifications.

--- Delete the informative Annex D.

This Standard was proposed by and under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on

Mechanical Safety of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 208).

Drafting organizations of this Standard. Suzhou Angao Intelligent Security Technology Co.,

Ltd.; Lihong Safety Equipment Engineering (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.; Anhui Ruishi Photoelectric

Technology Co., Ltd.; Xiamen Chengcan Industrial Equipment Co., Ltd.; Fujian Minxuan

Technology Co., Ltd.; Center Testing International Group Co., Ltd.; Nan'an Zhongji

Standardization Research Institute Co., Ltd.; Mesnac Co., Ltd.; Nanjing Forestry

University/National-Provincial Joint Engineering Research Center of Electromechanical

Product Packaging; Xi'an Kaiyijin Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.; Nanjing University of

Science and Technology; Mechanical Productivity Center; Nan'an Quality Measurement and

Testing Institute; and Yiwu Guojun Mould Factory.

Chief drafting staffs of this Standard. Li Qin, Li Liyan, Zhu Bin, Hu Zheng, Chen Huiling, Pi

Fengmei, Huang Qing, Yu Mingjin, Ju Ronghua, Cheng Hongbing, Ju Likai, Xie Ziping, Zhu

Guojun, Chen Zhuoxian, Hou Hongying, Liu Panchao, Huang Dongsheng, Wu Shoutao, Li

Zhong, Liu Zhishui, Zhou Aiping, Fu Huiqing, Shen Dehong, Zhang Xiaofei, and Shen Yurong.

The historical editions replaced by this Standard are as follows.

--- GB/T 8196-1987, GB/T 8196-2003;

--- GB/T 8197-1987.

1 Scope

This Standard specifies general requirements for the design, construction, and selection of

guards provided to protect persons from mechanical hazards.

2 Normative References

The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the dated

documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document; for the

undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is applicable to this

document.

GB 5226.1-2008 Electrical Safety of Machinery - Electrical Equipment of Machines - Part

1 General Requirements (IEC 60204-1.2005, IDT)

GB/T 15706-2012 Safety of Machinery - General Principles for Design - Risk Assessment

and Risk Reduction (ISO 12100.2010, IDT)

3 Terms and Definitions

For the purposes of this Document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 15706-2012 and

the following apply.

Guard affixed in such a manner (for example, by screws, nuts, and welding) that it can only be

opened or removed by the use of tools or by destruction of the means by which the guard is

affixed.

Guard which can be opened without the use of tools.

4 Risk Assessment

In order to select and design types of guards appropriate to particular machinery, it is important

to assess the risk arising from the various hazards present at that machinery and the foreseeable

categories of persons who can be exposed to the hazard(s) (see GB/T 15706-2012, Clause 5).

5 General Requirements for the Design and Construction of Guards

To minimize access to hazard zones where practicable, guards and machinery shall be so

designed as to enable routine adjustments, lubrication, and maintenance to be carried out

without opening or removing the guards.

Where there is a foreseeable risk of emission from the machine of hazardous substances (for

example coolant, vapors, gases, swarf, sparks, hot or molten material, dust, solid, or fluid

matter), the guard shall be designed according to ISO 14123-1 to contain these substances as

far as practicable.

6 Selection of Types of Guards

It can be appropriate to use a combination of different types of guards. For example.

Guards to protect against hazards generated by moving transmission parts, e.g., pulleys, belts,

gears, rack, and pinions, shafts shall be either fixed guards (see Figure 1) or interlocked

movable guards.

Fixed guards should be used on account of their simplicity and reliability.

7 Verification of the Safety Requirements for Guards

Table 1 lists specific requirements that are identified as essential for the design, construction,

and selection of guards provided to protect persons from mechanical hazards. For each

requirement, Table 1 indicates the means by which compliance with the requirement shall be

verified.

8 Information for Use

Information shall be provided for any hazards associated with the guards themselves, for

example mechanical hazards or flammability of materials and relevant test results.

Instructions shall be provided directing the user to the correct operation of the guards, and the

related interlocks if they are supplied with the guard. Warnings against reasonably foreseeable

misuse shall be given (see GB/T 15706-2012).

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