GB/T 18348-2022Bar code for commodity - Bar code symbol print quality verification (English PDF)

1 Scope

GB/T 18348-2022 is the Chinese national standard on bar code for commodity - bar code symbol print quality verification, in the field of information technology. The /T suffix marks it as a recommended standard: it is not compulsory by itself, but it becomes binding as soon as a contract, a tender or a customer specification calls it up - which in practice is how most foreign buyers meet it. It was issued on 9 March 2022 by the State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of China, and has been in force since 1 October 2022. Classification: ICS 35.040, CCS A24. This page is published from the official record of the standard held by the Chinese standards administration: the identification, the dates, the classification and the issuing body are taken from there. The clause text, the tables and the numeric limits are in the document itself, which is delivered complete in English translation.

This document specifies the determination of sampling plan, verification conditions, verification items, verification methods, verification data processing, comprehensive determination of symbol quality, and verification report for bar code symbol print quality verification. This document applies to the quality verification of printed bar code symbol for commodity.

2 Normative references

The contents of the following documents, through normative references in this text, constitute indispensable provisions of this document. Among them, for dated references, only the edition corresponding to that date applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.

GB/T 2828.1 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection

GB/T 2828.4 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part 4: Procedures for assessment of declared quality levels

GB/T 2828.11 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part 11: Procedures for assessment of declared quality levels for small population

GB/T 2829 Sampling procedures and tables for periodic inspection by attributes (apply to inspection of process stability)

GB 12904-2008 Bar code for commodity - Retail commodity numbering and bar code marking

GB/T 12905-2019 Bar code terminology

GB/T 13262 Single sampling procedures and tables for inspection having desired operating characteristics by attributes for percent nonconforming

GB/T 14257 Commodity bar code symbol location

GB/T 14258 Information technology - Automatic identification and data capture techniques - Verification of print quality of bar code symbols

GB/T 15425 Commodity bar code - 128 bar code

GB/T 16306 Re-inspection and re-test procedures for assessment of declared quality levels

GB/T 16830 Bar code for commodity - Dispatch commodity numbering and bar code marking

GB/T 26228.1 Information technology - Automatic identification and data capture techniques - Bar code verifier conformance specification - Part 1: Linear symbols ISO/

3 Terms and definitions

The terms and definitions defined in GB 12904-2008 and GB/T 12905-2019 and the following ones apply to this document.

3.1 Bar code for commodity A universal bar code symbol used to identify commodities and their attributes, including the numbering and bar code marking of retail commodities, dispatch commodities, logistics units, assets, service relationships, and locations of participants, etc. [Source: GB/T 12905-2019, 2.70, modified]

3.2 Element reflectance nonuniformity; ERN The difference between the highest peak and the lowest valley of reflectance corrected by the algorithm in an element (including clear area) on the scan reflectance profile. [Source: GB/T 12905-2019, 6.30, modified]

3.3 Defects Z dimension The arithmetic mean of measured values of narrow element or module size. [Source: GB/T 14258-2003, 3.24, modified]

3.10 Encoded data The data to be represented in the bar code symbol.

4 Determination of sampling plan

In the verification of commodity bar code print quality, the sampling plan shall be determined according to the verification category and applicable sampling standards:

a) For successive batches of purchase inspections with several manufacturers to choose from and exit-factory verifications with definite users, use GB/T 2828.1 to determine the sampling plan;

b) For the purchase, process, and exit-factory verification of a single batch, use GB/T 13262 to determine the sampling plan;

c) For the inspection of the stability of production process, use GB/T 2829 to determine the sampling plan;

d) For quality supervision and verification, where the total amount of supervision is large, use GB/T 2828.4 to determine the sampling plan;

e) For quality supervision and verification, where the total amount of supervision is small, use GB/T 2828.11 to determine the sampling plan;

f) For quality supervision and re-inspection, use GB/T 16306 to determine the sampling plan;

g) For the acceptance verification of both the supplier and the purchaser, if there is a sampling agreement in the contract, it shall determine the sampling plan according to the agreement.

6 Verification items

The verification items are shown in Table 2. in each bar area is defined as the reflectance (Rb) of this bar. 7.2.2.3.2 Determine element edges The edge is the boundary between two adjacent elements (including the clear area) on the scan reflectance profile. Its position is at the abscissa of the intermediate value [(i.e. the point of (Rs + Rb)/2] of the space reflectance (Rs) and bar reflectance (Rb) of two adjacent elements.

7.2.2.4 Reference decoding After determining each element according to the method specified in 7.2.2.3, according to the code system of the bar code symbol under verification, select the appropriate reference decoding algorithm in GB 12904, GB/T 15425 or GB/T 16830 to decode the bar code symbol.

7.2.2.5 Optical characteristic parameters The method for determining the values of optical characteristic parameters shall comply with the provisions of Appendix B. Record the values of minimum reflectance, symbol contrast, minimum edge contrast, modulation ratio, and defects given by the bar code verifier after scanning.

7.2.2.6 Decodability According to the code system of the bar code symbol under verification, it is determined according to the method specified in Appendix D. Record the decodability given by the bar code verifier after scanning.

7.2.2.7 Z dimension According to the code system of the bar code symbol under verification, it is determined according to the method specified in E.1 in Appendix E.

7.2.2.8 Wide to narrow ratio See E.2 for the method for determining the wide to narrow ratio of ITF-14 bar code symbol (GB/T 16830).

7.2.2.9 Width of clear area Use a bar code verifier with the function of clear area verification to scan and measure. When manual measurement is required, see 7.3.2.

7 Verification methods...

8 Verification data processing...

Appendix C

(Informative) Description of defects algorithm improvement Defects are usually caused by smears in the space or clear area of the bar code symbol, ink peeling or voids in the bar. Take the bar element as an example; when voids appear in the bar, its scan reflectance profiles are shown in

c) in Figure C.1. The element reflectance nonuniformity specified in the traditional defects algorithm is the difference between the highest peak value and the lowest valley value of reflectance in an element (including clear area). The element reflectance nonuniformity in Figure C.1

b) is the difference between the reflectance at point E and point D. The element reflectance nonuniformity in Figure C.1

c) is the difference between the reflectance at point L and point W. However, in the actual scanning process, tiny voids and even "noise" may appear in the edges of the bars and spaces. It is not a real defect. Its scan reflectance profile is shown in

a) in Figure C.1. The element reflectance nonuniformity calculated according to the traditional defects algorithm is the difference between point B and point C; so this calculation amplifies the value of defects. According to the improved defects algorithm, the ERN' in Figure C.1

a) is extremely small, less than the defect adjustment factor "c". The parameter F is less than 1. The obtained element reflectance nonuniformity value is smaller than that in the traditional defects algorithm. Therefore, the defects calculated by the improved defects algorithm are smaller than those calculated by the traditional defects algorithm. ERN' in Figure C.1

c) is greater than the defect adjustment factor "c". The parameter F is equal to 1. The obtained element reflectance nonuniformity value is equal to that before improvement. Therefore, the defects calculated by the improved defects algorithm are the same as those obtained by the traditional defects algorithm. The setting of defect adjustment factor "c" can reduce the influence of tiny voids or smears at the bar-space edge, so as to eliminate the instability of the measurement; and to make the verifier ignore the influence of the extremely small reflectance difference on the calculation of defects.

Appendix D

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Note 3. 10. **Verification (USD

Notes and Explanations

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