GB/T 18664-2002Selection, use and maintenance of respiratory protective equipment (English PDF)

3.2 Abbreviations

The following abbreviations apply to this standard.

APF: Assigned protection factor

IDLH: Immediately dangerous to life and health

SCBA: Self-contained breathing apparatus

4.1 General principles

4.1.1 Without protection, no one shall be exposed to an air environment that can or may endanger health.

4.1.2 It shall, according to the relevant national occupational health standards, evaluate the air environment in which the operation is conducted (see Appendix

A for various factors to be considered in the evaluation), to identify the nature of the hazardous atmosphere and determine the degree of harm.

4.1.3 It shall first consider the possibility of taking engineering measures to control hazardous atmosphere. If the engineering control measures cannot be implemented due to various reasons, or the hazardous atmosphere cannot be completely eliminated, during the period when the engineering control measures are not effective, it shall select the appropriate respiratory protective equipment according to the provisions of 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 of this standard. See

Table 1 for classification of respiratory protective equipment. The selection procedure is as shown in Figure 1.

4.1.4 It shall select the nationally recognized respiratory protective equipment that meets the requirements of the standard.

4.1.5 When selecting respiratory protective equipment, it shall also refer to the technical requirements in the instruction manual and meet its applicable conditions.

4.1.6 If it is necessary to use respiratory protective equipment to prevent hazard from dangerous atmosphere, the employer shall establish and implement a standardized respiratory protection plan.

shall select the respiratory protective equipment capable of filtering particle and its volatile gases simultaneously;

b) It shall select suitable dust facepiece according to the dispersion of the particle;

c) If the particle is liquid or oily, it shall select the respiratory protective equipment with suitable filter element;

d) If the particle is radioactive, it shall select the dust facepiece with the highest filtration efficiency.

4.2.4.2 Protection against toxic gases and vapors

It may select atmosphere-supplying or air-purifying respiratory protective equipment (see Table 3). If selecting the air-purifying type, it shall pay attention to the following points:

a) Select applicable filter elements according to the types of toxic gases and vapors; for the filter element types not included in the current standards, it shall be selected according to the instructions provided by the manufacturers of respiratory protective equipment;

b) For toxic gases or vapors without warning or poor warning, it shall give priority to respiratory protective equipment which has end-of-service-life indicator or atmosphere-supplying respiratory protective equipment.

4.2.4.3 Simultaneous protection against parasites, toxic gases or vapors

It may select atmosphere-supplying or air-purifying respiratory protective equipment (see Table 3). If selecting the air-purifying type, it shall select the effective filter element or the combination of filter element.

other personal protective equipment;

b) If there is a foreseeable emergency dangerous situation during operation, it shall select the appropriate escape type respiratory protective equipment according to the nature of the danger, or select the respiratory protective equipment according to the provisions of 4.2.3.1 of this standard;

c) If the hazardous atmosphere is an explosive atmosphere, the respiratory protective equipment selected shall comply with the provisions of GB

3836.1, GB 3836.2 and GB 3836.4; if SCBA is selected, it shall select the air respirators, it shall not select oxygen respirators;

d) If it selects the supplied air respiratory protective equipment, it shall pay attention to the distance between the work site and the air source, the obstruction of the air hose to other workers on the site, the damage or cut off the air supply pipeline; take possible precautions;

e) If there is high temperature, low temperature or high humidity on site, or organic solvents and other corrosive substances, it shall choose respiratory protective equipment which is resistant to high temperature, low temperature or corrosion, or choose supplied air respiratory protective equipment that can adjust temperature and humidity;

f) If the operation intensity is high, or the operation time is long, it shall select the respiratory protective equipment with a lower respiratory load, such as supplied air or powered air-purifying respiratory protective equipment;

g) If there is a need for clear vision, it shall choose a respiratory protective equipment with a better vision;

h) If there is a need for language communication, it shall select the respiratory protective equipment with suitable communication functions.

4.4 Selection according to operator

4.4.1 Head and facial features

When choosing a half facepiece or full facepiece, it shall pay attention to:

a) If the manufacturer or distributor of respiratory protective equipment can provide the user with a fit test, it can help the user to choose a suitable tight-fitting facepiece. For the fit test method, see Appendix E;

b) The beard or long hair will affect the fitting between the facepiece and the face. The user shall shave the beard in advance to avoid pinching the hair equipment. Relevant operators and other entrants in the workplaces that must be equipped with escape type respiratory protective equipment shall be trained in the use of escape type respiratory protective equipment. SCBA shall be used only by specially trained personnel.

5.1.4 Before use, it shall check the integrity of the respiratory protective equipment, the suitability of the filter elements, the battery power, the gas storage capacity of the gas cylinder, etc.; eliminate the non-compliance before allowing use.

5.1.5 Before entering the hazardous atmosphere, wear respiratory protective

equipment. For tight-fitting facepieces, the user shall perform a face-seal check, to confirm tightness. See Appendix G for the face-seal check methods.

5.1.6 Personnel working in hazardous atmosphere shall always wear respiratory protective equipment.

5.1.7 The use of escape type respiratory protective equipment alone is not allowed to enter the hazardous atmosphere; it only allows to use it to leave from it.

5.1.8 When it has uncomfortable symptoms such as feeling of odor, cough, irritation, nausea, etc., it shall leave the hazardous atmosphere immediately;

check the respiratory protective equipment; determine and eliminate the fault before re-entering the hazardous atmosphere. If there is no fault, it shall replace the effective filter elements.

5.1.9 If the respiratory protective equipment uses several filter elements at the

same time, such as double filter cartridges, they shall be replaced at the same time.

5.1.10 If the new filter element fails quickly in some cases, it shall re-evaluate the applicability of the selected filter element.

5.1.11 Except for general-purpose components, without the approval of the

manufacturer of respiratory protective equipment, components of different brands of respiratory protective equipment shall not be assembled or used in combination.

5.1.12 All personnel using respiratory protective equipment shall undergo regular physical examinations, to regularly evaluate their ability to use respiratory protective equipment. For evaluation methods, see Appendix F.

c) When a person using a manual air-purifying dust-proof respiratory protective equipment feels that the air supply resistance has increased significantly.

5.4.2 Replacement of gas filter element

The service life of the gas filter element is affected by factors such as the type and concentration of airborne contaminants, the user's breathing frequency, ambient temperature, humidity conditions. Generally, the replacement time of the gas filter element is determined as follows:

a) When the user feels the smell or irritation of airborne contaminants, they shall be replaced immediately;

Note: The use of airborne contaminant's odors or irritants to judge the failure of filter elements is limited (see Appendix C).

b) For routine operations, it is recommended to determine the replacement schedule of filter elements based on experience, experimental data or other objective methods; replace them regularly;

c) Record the usage time after each use, to help determine the replacement time;

d) The service life of ordinary organic gas filter elements for low-boiling organic compounds will generally be shortened and shall be replaced in time after each use; for the protection of other organic compounds, if they are used several days or weeks apart, they shall also be replaced when they are reused.

5.5 Use of supplied air respiratory protective equipment

5.5.1 It shall check the quality of the air supply source before use. The air supply shall not be deficient in oxygen and the concentration of airborne contaminants shall not exceed the relevant national occupational health standards or relevant air supply air quality standards.

5.5.2 Gas supply pipe's joints are not allowed to be shared with other gas pipe joints in the workplace.

5.5.3 It shall avoid the interference between the air supply pipe and other moving objects on the job site; it is not allowed to roll over the air supply pipe.

to the instruction manual. Use a soft brush to wash it in warm water, or add an appropriate amount of neutral detergent to the warm water. Rinse in clean water and dry in a clean place.

6.2.4 If it is necessary to use a broad-spectrum disinfectant for disinfection, when selecting a disinfectant, especially if it is necessary to prevent the spread of special pathogens, first consult the manufacturer of respiratory protective equipment and industrial hygiene experts. It shall pay special attention to the instructions of the disinfectant manufacturer, such as dilution ratio, temperature and disinfection time.

6.3 Storage of respiratory protective equipment

6.3.1 Respiratory protective equipment shall be stored in a clean, dry place without oil, direct sunlight or corrosive gases.

6.3.2 If respiratory protective equipment is used infrequently, it is recommended to store the respiratory protective equipment in a sealed bag. Avoid distorting the facepiece during storage.

6.3.3 The gas filter element shall not be stored open.

6.3.4 All respiratory protective equipment used in emergency situations and

rescue shall be kept in a standby state and placed in a location suitable for storage, easy to manage, easy to use; it shall not change the storage place at will.

7.1 General principles

7.1.1 In order to ensure the accurate implementation of the requirements of this

standard, the employer shall establish and implement a standardized respiratory protection plan. Make the purchase, use, maintenance of respiratory protective equipment be an important part of the management of the employer;

record the implementation of this plan in a written manner.

7.1.2 An employer shall arrange a supervisor to be responsible for the respiratory protection plan. The supervisor shall be properly trained and have the relevant knowledge and responsibilities to manage and effectively implement the plan.

7.1.3 When changes in operating conditions may affect the use of respiratory protective equipment, it shall adjust the respiratory protection plan in a timely

Appendix C (Informative)

Warning of toxic gases and vapors

C.1 Limitations for determining the existence of harmful gases by smell

Limitations for determining the existence of harmful gases by smell:

a) The individual smell is very different, some people cannot detect the existence of certain harmful gases or vapors by smell, for example, some people is not sensitive to the bitter almond smell of hydrogen cyanide, or cannot feel this taste;

b) Colds or rhinitis can reduce people's smell;

c) The odor of airborne contaminants may be masked by other odors;

d) When the concentration is gradually accumulated, due to olfactory fatigue, some high-concentration airborne contaminants cannot be detected, such as hydrogen sulfide. If people have been working in an environment where hydrogen sulfide is gradually accumulated to reach dangerous concentrations, they may sense no smell; however, when people enter the environment from the outside, they will feel a strong taste;

e) The smell threshold of certain substances by humans is much higher than the concentration required by national occupational health standards.

When smelling pollutants, people have actually been exposed to hazardous atmospheres or have been harmed;

f) Some harmful gases are odorless, such as carbon monoxide, which cannot be detected by this method;

g) Some gases have an unpleasant taste, and their olfactory threshold is far lower than the concentration specified by the national occupational health standards. When the smell is perceived, it has not yet constituted a hazard.

C.2 Limitations for determining contaminants by its irritating sense

Some airborne contaminants have a local irritating effect on the human respiratory tract or eyes. The human's feeling is discomfort, burning or irritation.

Its presence is a certain warning, but it is not enough to protect a person with considerable tolerance.

C.3 People's olfactory threshold of certain airborne contaminants

Appendix D (Informative)

Examples for selection of respiratory protective equipment

D.1 Example 1

D.1.1 Job description

The painter uses a brush to perform painting work.

D.1.2 Identification of hazardous atmosphere properties

No hypoxia in the workplace. Turpentine vapor exists in the air at a concentration of 2150 mg/m

; the maximum allowable concentration specified by the national occupational health standard is 300 mg/m

3 , the IDLH concentration is 8500 mg/m

; its olfactory threshold is at 280 mg/m

~ 1130 mg/m

. It is irritating to the eyes and skin and has obvious warning; its boiling point is 150°C ~ 170 °C, which is not a low boiling point organic compound.

D.1.3 Determine the hazard degree

There is no hypoxia in the workplace. The turpentine concentration is lower than the IDLH concentration, which is a non-IDLH atmosphere.

Turpentine concentration exceeds national occupational health standards.

Calculate the hazard factor:

Hazard Factor = Turpentine vapor concentration in the workplace /

Concentration as specified by National Occupational Health Standard = 2150 mg/m

/ 300 mg/m

~ 7.

D.1.4 Select respiratory protective equipment according to the degree of hazard and the type of airborne contaminants

Because the hazard factor is less than 10, meanwhile turpentine has good warning, according to Table 3 of this standard, it may select a half-facepiece self-inhalation air-purifying gas facepiece. However, because turpentine is irritating to the eyes and skin, considering the protection of the eyes, it shall select a full facepiece.

Turpentine vapor is an organic vapor type airborne contaminant, so it shall be equipped with an organic gas canister or a filter cartridge. Ask the manufacturer about the life of the canister or filter cartridge. Meanwhile the odor of turpentine can help users determine when to replace the filter element.

Expected exposure concentration = Xylene's concentration / APF for selected respiratory protective equipment = 53000 mg/m

/ 1000 = 53 mg/m

If the facepiece fits the worker's face, the expected exposure concentration of the worker is 53 mg/m

3 , which is lower than the national occupational health standard.

D.3 Example 3

D.3.1 Job description

A lead battery factory: workers are engaged in general operations.

D.3.2 Identify the hazardous atmospheres

No hypoxia in the workplace. There is lead oxide dust in the workplace, the concentration of which is 0.2 mg/m

. The maximum allowable concentration of lead dust as specified by the national occupational health standard is 0.05 mg/m

3 and the IDLH concentration is 700 mg/m

D.3.3 Determine the hazard degree

The workplace is not deficient in oxygen; the concentration of lead dust does not exceed the IDLH concentration, which is a non-IDLH atmosphere.

The lead dust concentration exceeds the national occupational health standards. Calculate the hazard factor:

Hazard factor = Lead dust's concentration in the workplace / Concentration as specified by National Occupational Health Standard = 0.2 mg/m

/ 0.05 mg/m

= 4.

D.3.4 Select respiratory protective equipment according to hazard degree and the type of airborne contaminants

Lead dust is not irritating. According to Table 3 of this standard, it may select a self-inhalation air-purifying dust facepiece equipped with half facepiece.

Expected exposure concentration = Lead dust's concentration in the workplace

/ APF for selected respiratory protective equipment = 0.2 mg/m

/ 10 = 0.02 mg/m

If the facepiece fits the worker's face, the expected exposure concentration of the operator is 0.02 mg/m

3 , which is lower than national occupational health standards.

inspection bottles and sniff the smell of the solution in the bottle with his nose;

- If the subject can smell the banana odor of the test agent in the odor inspection bottle, it indicates that the subject is suitable to perform the fit test; otherwise, the subject is not suitable to perform the fit test

E.2.3.3 Test method

The test method is as follows;

a) Hang the absorbent cotton stripe on the top inside the inspection cover (see Figure E.1); use a graduated dropper to add 0.75 mL of pure isoamyl acetate to the absorbent cotton strip;

b) The subject wears respiratory protective equipment far away from the inspection cover and passes the face-seal check;

c) The subject enters the inspection cover and performs the following actions, each action lasting 60 s;

1) Take a normal breath;

2) Take a deep breath, to imitate heavy physical labor;

3) Shake head left and right, to imitate the amplitude that may occur in the operation;

4) Head up and head down, to imitate the amplitude that may occur in the operation;

5) Speak or read a text, with a volume sufficient for people nearby to hear;

6) Other actions designed according to operating characteristics.

d) During the inspection, if the subject feels the smell of the test agent, it indicates that there is a leak. The subject shall re-test after adjusting the facepiece or replacing the respiratory protective equipment with another size number; if the leak persists, it is determined that the subject is not suitable to wear the respiratory protective equipment;

e) When the subject's fit test is unsatisfactory, it may select another suitable respiratory protective equipment for the fit test, or a suitable respiratory protective equipment that does not require the fit test.

E.2.4 Saccharin qualitative fit test method

E.2.4.1 This method is suitable for the fit test of respiratory protective equipment equipped with particle filter elements.

facepieces equipped with high-efficiency particle filter elements.

E.2.5.2 The characteristic of this method is that the fume generated by irritants (such as zinc tetrachloride or titanium tetrachloride) is strongly irritating to human eyes, skin and sclera; the subject can easily identify the leakage of respiratory protective equipment. Before using this method, the subject shall be explained in advance the symptoms of irritant reactions, as well as the treatment in case of leakage (such as leaving the inspection cover as soon as possible, removing the facepiece in a ventilated place, washing the face with clean water, etc.).

E.2.5.3 The application of this method generally does not require identification of the sensitivity of the subject to the irritation of tobacco.

E.2.5.4 The test method is as follows:

a) Subjects wear respiratory protective equipment and pass the face-seal check;

b) Shatter one end of the ampoule containing the irritant test agent; pass the test agent with an air flow of about 200 mL/min; send the generated irritant fume into the inspection cover;

c) The subject enters the inspection cover and performs the actions specified in items 1) to 6) of this Appendix E.2.3.3c), requiring each action to last for

60 s;

d) During the test, if the test subject feels the irritation of the test agent, it indicates that there is a leak. The test subject shall re-test after adjusting the facepiece or replacing the respiratory protective equipment with another size number. If the leak still exists, it is determined that the subject is not suitable for wearing the respiratory protective equipment;

e) When the subject's fit test is unsatisfactory, it may select another suitable respiratory protective equipment for the fit test, or a suitable respiratory protective equipment that does not require the fit test.

E.3 Quantitative fit test

E.3.1 Principle of quantitative fit test

Quantitative fit test is an objective test method that does not rely on human subjective feelings and subjective judgments. The test agent is non-toxic or low- toxic particle [such as sodium chloride, dioctyl phthalate (DOP), etc.) or gas (such as sulfur hexafluoride)]. After the subject wears the respiratory protection equipment correctly, he enters a test chamber full of test agents and performs simulation operations. Use the instrument to quantitatively measure the

Appendix F (Informative)

Medical evaluation of the ability to use respiratory protective equipment

F.1 Physiological considerations

If the respiratory protective equipment is heavy (such as SCBA), the cardiopulmonary system of heavy manual workers will bear a large load; high temperature (such as firefighting) will further increase the burden on the heart.

If people with lung disease use self-inhalation respiratory protective equipment (such as self-inhalation air-purifying or self-inhalation supplied air type), breathing difficulties will also become a prominent problem.

F.2 Psychological considerations

The use of full facepieces, powered hoods, overall protection may cause anxiety, fear, isolation in some people, preventing them from working properly.

F.3 Recommended evaluation methods

It shall understand the user's medical history and previous use of respiratory protective equipment, do some necessary physical examinations, focusing on the cardiopulmonary system.

For those who use SCBA to perform or are expected to perform high-intensity work, it is necessary to be subject to X-ray chest radiography, spirometry, physical fitness measurements with dynamic electrocardiogram monitoring.

Observation of the behavior of respiratory protective equipment users during trial wearing or during training may help identify those with claustrophobia.

The evaluation shall be done before the distribution of respiratory protective equipment, then carried out regularly. For personnel over the age of 45 who uses the SCBA, it is recommended to make evaluation at least once a year.

F.4 Conditions may not be suitable for use of respiratory protective equipment

There are many types of respiratory protective equipment; the operating conditions and the physical conditions of the workers are also different. It is difficult to determine the contraindications that are not suitable for the use of respiratory protective equipment. It is necessary to judge according to the actual situation in various aspects. Many peoples can, even though their bodies are relative weak, safely use the respiratory protective equipment as long as

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