GB/T 18655-2018Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board receivers (English PDF)

Foreword

This document was issued on 13 July 2018 by the State Administration for Market Regulation and the Standardization Administration of China, and has applied since 1 February 2019.

It is a GB/T standard: recommended rather than compulsory, but it is the text a Chinese reviewer, customer or inspection body applies.

This standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.

This standard replaces GB/T 18655-2010 Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board receivers. The following technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 18655-2010:

- the charging modes of electric and hybrid vehicles are added;

- ALSE performance validation procedure is added;

- the test methods for shielded power supply systems for high voltage networks in electric and hybrid vehicles are added.

This standard is modified in relation to CISPR 25: 2016 Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board receivers.

The technical deviations, together with their justifications, between this standard and CISPR 25: 2016 are detailed as follows:

- terms 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.7, 3.10, 3.12, 3.14, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21 and 3.23 are deleted since they have been listed in GB/T 4365-2003 and GB/T 29259-2012;

- According to the actual use of the carrier frequency of the on-board receiver in China, the following adjustments have been in this standard with respect to the service/frequency range in CISPR25: 2016:

- the TV Band I is adjusted to 48.5MHz~72.5MHz from 41MHz~88MHz;

- the TV Band III is adjusted to 174MHz~223MHz from 174MHz~230MHz;

- the TV Band IV/V is adjusted to 470MHz~566MHz and 606MHz~806MHz from 468MHz~944MHz;

- the DTTV band is adjusted to 470MHz~566MHz and 606MHz~806MHz from 470MHz~770MHz;

- the RKE band is adjusted to 314MHz~316MHz from 300MHz~330MHz;

- the RKE band is adjusted to 430MHz~440MHz from 420MHz~450MHz;

- the EGSM/GSM900 band is adjusted to 930MHz~960MHz from 925MHz~960MHz;

- the GSM1800 (PCN) band is adjusted to 1805MHz~1850MHz from 1803MHz~1882MHz;

- the 3G/IMT2000 band is adjusted to 1880MHz~1920MHz from 1900MHz~1992MHz;

- the 3G/IMT2000 band is adjusted to 2110MHz~2170MHz from 2108MHz~2172MHz;

- the CB band (originally 26MHz~28MHz), GSM800 band (originally 860MHz~895MHz) and GSM1900 band (originally 1850MHz~1990MHz) are deleted;

- BDS, with B1I Beidou civil band of 1553MHz~1569MHz, is added;

- according to the principles of different test setups of inverter and charger, Figure I.3 in CISPR25: 2016 is divided into Figure I.3 and Figure I.4, Figure I.6 is divided into Figure I.7 and Figure I.8 and Figure I.9 is divided into Figure I.11 and Figure I.12;

- considering the actual situation in China, the informational Annex K "Items under consideration" is deleted.

This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Radio Jamming of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 79).

The previous editions of standard replaced by this standard are as follows:

- GB18655-2002 and GB/T18655-2010.

Introduction

This standard is designed to protect on-board receivers from disturbances produced by conducted and radiated emissions arising in a vehicle.

Test procedures and limits given are intended to provide preventive control of vehicle radiated emissions, as well as component/module conducted/radiated emissions of long and short duration. To accomplish this end, this standard:

- establishes a test method for measuring the electromagnetic emissions from the electrical system of a vehicle;

- sets limits for the electromagnetic emissions from the electrical system of a vehicle;

- establishes test methods for testing on-board components and modules independent from the vehicle;

- sets limits for electromagnetic emissions from components to prevent objectionable disturbance to on-board receivers;

- classifies automotive components by disturbance duration to establish a range of limits.

Note: component tests are not intended to replace vehicle tests. Exact correlation between component and vehicle test performance is dependent on component mounting location, harness length, routing and grounding, as well as antenna location. Components may be evaluated with component testing prior to actual vehicle availability.

1 Scope

This standard contains limits and procedures for the measurement of radio disturbances in the frequency range of 150kHz~2500MHz. This standard applies to any electronic/electrical component intended for use in vehicles, trailers and devices. Refer to International Telecommunications Union (ITU) publications and the actual application conditions in China for details of frequency allocations. The limits are intended to provide protection for receivers installed in a vehicle from disturbances produced by components/modules in the same vehicle. The method and limits for a complete vehicle (whether connected to the power mains for charging purposes or not) are in Clause 5 and the methods and limits for components/modules are in Clause 6. Only a complete vehicle test may be used to determine the component compatibility with respect to a vehicle’s limit.

The receiver types to be protected are, for example, broadcast receivers (sound and television), land mobile radio, radio telephone, amateur, citizens' radio, Satellite Navigation (Beidou, GPS etc.), Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. For the purpose of this standard, a vehicle is a machine, which is self-propelled by an internal combustion engine, electric means, or both. Vehicles include (but are not limited to) passenger cars, trucks, agricultural tractors and snowmobiles. Annex A provides guidance in determining whether this standard is applicable to particular equipment.

This standard does not include protection of electronic control systems from radio frequency (RF) emissions or from transient or pulse-type voltage fluctuations. These subjects are included in publications of the Standardization Administration.

The limits in this standard are recommended and subject to modification as agreed between the vehicle manufacturer and the component supplier. This standard is also intended to be applied by manufacturers and suppliers of components and equipment which are to be added and connected to the vehicle harness or to an on-board power connector after delivery of the vehicle.

Since the mounting location, vehicle body construction and harness design may affect the coupling of radio disturbances to the on-board receiver, Clause 6 of this standard defines multiple limit levels. The level class to be used (as a function of frequency band) is agreed upon between the vehicle manufacturer and the component supplier.

This standard defines test methods for use by vehicle manufacturers and suppliers, to assist in the design of vehicles and components and ensure controlled levels of on-board radio frequency emissions.

Vehicle test limits are provided for guidance and are based on a typical radio receiver using the antenna provided as part of the vehicle, or a test antenna if a unique antenna is not specified. The frequency bands that are defined are not applicable to all regions or countries of the world. For economic reasons, the vehicle manufacturer is free to identify what frequency bands are applicable to the radio services likely to be used in that vehicle.

As an example, many vehicle models will probably not have a television receiver installed; yet the television bands occupy a significant portion of the radio spectrum. Testing and mitigating noise sources in such vehicles is not economically justified.

The World Administrative Radio communications Conference (WARC) lower frequency limit in region 1 was reduced to 148.5kHz in 1979. For vehicular purposes, tests at 150kHz are considered adequate.

Annex E defines artificial networks used for the measurement of conducted disturbances and for tests on vehicles in charging mode.

Annex H defines a qualitative method of judging the degradation of radio communication in the presence of impulsive noise.

Annex I defines test methods for shielded power supply systems for high voltage networks in electric and hybrid vehicles.

Annex J defines methods for the validation of the ALSE used for component testing.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

GB/T 4365-2003 Electrotechnical terminology - Electromagnetic compatibility (idt IEC 60050-161:1990+A1:1997+A2:1998)

GB/T 6113.104-2016 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbances measurements (CISPR 16-1-4: 2012, IDT)

GB/T 6113.203-2016 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Radiated disturbance measurements (CISPR 16-2-3: 2010, IDT)

GB/T 29259-2012 Road vehicle - Electromagnetic compatibility terminology

ISO 7637-3: 2016 Road vehicles - Electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling - Part 3: Electrical transient transmission by capacitive and inductive coupling via lines other than supply lines

ISO 11452-4: 2011 Road vehicles - Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part4: Harness excitation methods

CISPR 16-1-1: 2015 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus

CISPR 16-1-2: 2014 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Coupling devices for conducted disturbance measurements

CISPR 16-2-1: 2014 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Conducted disturbance measurements

SAE ARP 958.1 Rev D: 2003-02 Electromagnetic interference measurement antennas - Standard calibration method

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 4365-2003 and GB/T 29259-2012 and the following apply.

3.1 artificial mains network; AMN: network that provides a defined impedance to the EUT at radio frequencies, couples the disturbance voltage to the measuring receiver and decouples the test circuit from the supply mains

Notes:

1 There are two basic types of AMN, the V-network (V-AMN) which couples the unsymmetrical voltages, and the delta-network which couples the symmetric and the asymmetric voltages separately. The terms line impedance stabilization network (LISN) and V-AMN are used.

2 Network inserted in the power mains of the vehicle in charging mode or of a component (e.g. charger) which provides, in a given frequency range, a specified load impedance and which isolates the vehicle/component from the power mains in that frequency range.

3.2 artificial network; AN: network inserted in the supply lead or signal/load lead of an device to be tested which provides, in a given frequency range, a specified load impedance for the measurement of disturbance voltages and which may isolate the device from the supply or signal sources/loads in that frequency range

Notes:

1 Network inserted in the d.c. power lines of the vehicle in charging mode which provides, in a given frequency range, a specified load impedance and which isolates the vehicle from the d.c power supply in that frequency range.

2 Modified in relation to GB/T29259-2012, definition 3.52.

3.3 asymmetric artificial network; AAN: network used to measure (or inject) asymmetric (common mode) voltages on unshielded symmetric signal (e.g. telecommunication) lines while suppressing the differential mode signal

Note: this network is inserted in the communication/signal lines of the vehicle in charging mode or of a component (e.g. charger) to provide a specific load impedance and/or a decoupling (e.g. between telecommunication signal and power mains).

3.4 bandwidth (of an equipment): width of a frequency band over which a given characteristic of an equipment or transmission channel does not differ from its reference value by more than a specified amount or ratio

Notes:

1 The given characteristic may be, for example, the amplitude/frequency characteristic, the phase/frequency characteristic or the delay/frequency characteristic.

2 Modified in relation to GB/T4365-2003, definition 161-06-09.

3.5 bonded (ground connection and d.c. resistance): grounding connection with a DC resistance not exceeding 2.5 milliohm and that provides the lowest possible impedance (resistance and inductance) connection between two metallic parts

Note: a low current (<=100 mA) 4-wire milliohm meter is recommended for these measurements.

3.6 class: performance level agreed upon by the purchaser and the supplier and documented in the test plan

3.7 device: machine driven by an internal combustion engine which is not primarily intended to carry persons or goods

Note: devices include, but are not limited to, chainsaws, irrigation pumps, snow blowers, air compressors, and landscaping equipment.

3.8 high voltage; HV: operating voltage between 60 V~1000 V

Note: the term "high voltage" may be defined with a different voltage range in other standards.

3.9 high voltage artificial network; HV-AN: network inserted in the high voltage DC lead of device to be tested which provides, in a given frequency range, a specified load impedance for the measurement of disturbance voltages and which may isolate the device from the supply in that frequency range

3.10 low voltage; LV: operating DC voltage below 60 V, e.g. nominal voltages of 12 V, 24 V or 48 V

Note: the term "low voltage" may be defined with a different voltage range in other standards.

3.11 measurement time: effective, coherent time for a measurement result at a single frequency:

- for the peak detector, the effective time to detect the maximum of the signal envelope,

- for the quasi-peak detector, the effective time to measure the maximum of the weighted envelope

- for the average detector, the effective time to average the signal envelope

3.12 reference ground plane: flat conductive surface whose potential is used as a common reference

Notes:

1 For the purposes of this standard, the reference ground plane is defined as the top metallic surface of the test bench/table.

2 Modified in relation to GB/T4365-2003, definition 161-04-36.

3.13 shielded enclosure: mesh or sheet metallic housing designed expressly for the purpose of electromagnetically separating the internal and the external electromagnetic environment

Note: modified in relation to GB/T 4365-2003, definition 161-04-37[5].

3.14 validation reference ground plane: elevated reference ground plane with the dimensions of 2.5m×1m, which is used as the standard for the reference measurements/modelling per Annex J

Note: the validation reference ground plane size and grounding used during the reference measurements may be different than what a laboratory would use during EUT measurements.

4 Requirements common to vehicle and component/module emissions measurements