GB 8408-2018Large-scale amusement device safety code (English PDF)

5.1 Commonly used steel

5.1.1 The steel used in amusement devices shall comply with the specifications

6.1 Basic design requirements

6.1.1 Basic requirements

6.1.1.1 The design of amusement devices shall have design instructions, calculation instructions, use and maintenance instructions and a full set of drawings, risk assessment reports and design verification outlines complying with the relevant national standards. The above information shall be kept until at least the amusement devices are scrapped.

6.1.1.2 The design of amusement devices and auxiliary devices shall be calculated correctly and reasonably structured to ensure passenger safety.

When accurate calculation cannot be performed, it can be confirmed and verified by tests.

6.1.1.3 Operation and use organizations or design commissioners shall provide the local meteorological, power supply, seismic and geological data in written form to the design and manufacturing organizations.

6.1.1.4 The selection of materials shall be based on the consideration of structural importance, load characteristics, structural forms, stress conditions, manufacturing processes, connection methods and work environment.

6.1.1.6 Amusement devices shall specify the design service life of the complete machine and its main components. The calculated design life of the complete machine shall be not less than 35000 hours, including the getting on/off time.

6.1.1.7 The use and maintenance instructions shall be in simplified Chinese.

6.1.1.5 The mechanical

properties, heat treatment performance and welding performance of metal materials used for important mechanical parts shall meet the requirements of working conditions.

For multilingual versions, the simplified Chinese version shall prevail. At least the following contents shall be included.

a) Device overview and structure introduction;

b) Technical performance and parameters, operating conditions;

c) Operational procedures and precautions;

d) Notice to passengers;

e) Maintenance instructions;

f) Common faults and remedies;

g) Design service life of the complete machine and main components;

h) Requirements for management, operation, maintenance, service personnel;

i) List of vulnerable parts, scrapping requirements and recommended replacement cycle;

j) Passenger grooming measures and methods in abnormal conditions;

k) Safety requirements such as number of passengers, height requirements, age range, physical limitations, and whether children need to be under adult supervision;

l) Items and inspection requirements for daily inspections, weekly inspections, monthly inspections (including seasonal inspections and semi-annual inspections) and annual inspections (including multi-year inspections), and corresponding inspections, testing (including non- destructive testing) and test methods, and the proportion of inspections and testing, etc.;

m) For travelling amusement devices, there shall be installation and commissioning methods, site requirements, etc.;

n) General assembly drawings, electrical schematic diagrams, hydraulic and pneumatic schematic diagrams, schematic diagrams of the mechanical components used to guide the maintenance inspection, and schematic diagrams of important welds and pins that require non-destructive testing of amusement devices;

o) Manufacturer's name and detailed address, service or supervisory phone number, email address, website address, etc.

6.1.2 Amusement device loading

6.1.2.4 Value, Q3, of uniformly distributed live loads in human activity area The value of live loads uniformly distributed in human activity areas such as platforms, stairs, entrances and exits of amusement devices is as follows.

6.1.2.1 Permanent load

The load of which the load point, size and direction does not change with time, such as the structural weight of the amusement device, expressed in Gk.

6.1.2.2 Live load

The load of the passengers themselves, expressed in Q1, specified as follows.

a) When carrying 1 ~ 2 adults, it is calculated as not less than 750 N/person; when carrying more than 2 adults, it is calculated as not less than 700 N/person.

b) Children (not more than 1.2 m in height or under 10 years of age) shall be calculated as not less than 400 N/person.

NOTE: When calculating the number of passengers based on members, it shall calculate according to the number of passengers designed to be carried. For example, for flying chair's single seat system, it is calculated as no less than 750 N/person. for overall pylons, it is calculated as not less than 700N/person.

6.1.2.3 Supporting and constraint reaction of passengers

When designing cabins, the force exerted by the passenger on the armrest, support, ankle and lining, etc. shall be taken into consideration when the vehicle is in normal operation and during start-up, braking and emergency situations.

These forces shall not be less than 500 N/adult, and shall not be less than 300 N/person for amusement devices for children, expressed in Q2.

6.1.2.6 Driving force and braking force

The force driving the carries to move and the force forcing the carries to stop moving (or to slow down), expressed in Q5.

6.1.2.7 Friction force

The force produced by friction on the contact surface between relatively moving objects, expressed in Q6.

6.1.2.8 Inertial force

The force produced by the variations (value and direction) in the movement speed and shall be calculated according to the full load state, expressed in Q7. where.

6.1.2.9 Collision force

The force produced due to collision in the course of movement. Generally, it only checks parts that have been directly involved in the collision, assuming that it occurs in the most unfavorable position, and in any case the collision force shall not be less than 0.3 mg. It shall be calculated as full load and expressed in Q8.

6.1.2.10 Wind load

The wind load is divided into normal working condition load and limit working condition load. In the design of amusement devices, the wind load under normal working conditions shall be calculated at a maximum operating wind speed of 15m/s. For indoor amusement devices, the wind load may not be calculated. In the static state (limit working condition), it shall be able to withstand wind loads provided by local meteorological data. The wind load is expressed in Q9.The value of wind load and its calculation method shall be in accordance with the specifications in GB 50009.

6.1.3 Analysis of working conditions

6.1.3.2 Kinematics and dynamics analysis shall be performed on amusement devices to obtain data such as operating speed, acceleration, force and operating posture.

6.1.3.3 The working condition analysis shall consider at least the following situations.

6.1.3.1 The working

conditions of amusement devices include normal operation working conditions, abnormal operation working conditions and limit state working conditions.

NOTE: For normal operation working conditions, reference may be made to different situations, such as no load, partial load and full load, under the designed use conditions of amusement devices. For abnormal operation working conditions, reference may be made to different situations such as emergency stop, emergency rescue and maintenance of amusement devices. For limit state working conditions, reference may be made to different situations of amusement devices under local limit conditions such as limit wind speed and earthquake.

a) Different stages of device operation, such as getting on/off of passengers, normal operation, braking status, maintenance, etc.;

b) Different distribution of loads, such as full load, partial load, etc.;

c) Different postures of the device;

d) Possible abnormal operation and limit state working conditions.

6.1.4 Load combination

6.1.4.1 Based on different devices and working condition analysis, combine the permanent loads and other loads bear by the structure of amusement devices into one calculation load, carry out analysis and calculation separately. Refer to Annex D for details.

6.1.4.2 Load combination shall be carried out according to specific conditions such as abnormal operation working conditions and limit state working conditions, and the structure shall not be damaged or permanently deformed.

6.2 Design calculation

6.2.1 Basic requirements

The design calculation of amusement devices includes. static strength calculation, rigidity calculation, fatigue strength calculation, stability calculation, anti-overturning calculation, anti-sideslip calculation, etc., which shall be selected according to the specific structure and working conditions. The calculation of the static strength of structures using Q345 steel, No. 20 steel, No. 45 steel, 40Cr and Q390 steels may be performed with reference to the limit state design method specified in Annex E.

6.2.2 Stress calculation

Parts and welds shall be subjected to stress calculation. The ratio of the ultimate stress of the material to the maximum stress it is subjected to is the safety factor. The calculated safety factor n shall meet the requirements of

6.2.3 Fatigue strength calculation

6.2.3.2 For Grade I and II welds of amusement devices, fatigue strength check shall be carried out. The fatigue strength calculation may be exempted for the portion where the tensile stress does not occur in the stress cycle.

6.2.3.3 The allowable fatigue strength safety factors of shafts shall meet the requirements of Table 2.

6.2.3.1 The fatigue

calculation of steel structural members and their connections shall comply with the specifications about the fatigue strength calculation in GB 50017.

6.2.4 Rigidity calculation

Some parts that have deformation requirements for amusement devices shall be calculated for rigidity.

6.2.5 Stability calculation

In order to prevent structural instability, overall and local stability calculations are required for slender, thin-walled structural parts. The calculation of the stability of slender members shall comply with the relevant specifications of GB 50017; the calculation of the stability of plates and housing shall meet the requirements of 5.7 in GB/T 3811-2008.

6.2.6 Anti-overturning calculation

This calculation shall be performed when there is a possibility of an overall overturning during the operation of the amusement devices. where.

6.2.7 Anti-sideslip calculation

This calculation shall be performed when there is a possibility of an overall sideslip during the operation of the amusement devices.

6.3 Speed and acceleration

6.3.1 Speed allowable values

6.3.1.1 For amusement devices of which passengers are getting on/off while running, the relative running speed shall be not more than 0.3 m/s.

6.3.1.2 For amusement devices such as fairy train type, see Table 4 for speed allowable values.

6.3.2 Acceleration allowable values

6.3.2.1 Basic requirements

In order to prevent passengers from being harmed, the acceleration of passengers of amusement devices shall be limited to a certain range. Figure 2 shows the human space coordinate system. The allowable acceleration values are shown in Figures 3 to 6 (represented by the ratio of actual acceleration to gravitational acceleration g).

6.3.2.2 Measurement position

The reference point for calculating or measuring the acceleration shall generally be 600 mm above the seat (or approximate adult's heart position). Acceleration with a duration less than or equal to 0.2 s is the impact acceleration, and acceleration with a duration greater than 0.2 s is the steady-state acceleration.

6.3.2.3 Acceleration in x direction

The maximum acceleration in the +x direction shall not exceed 6 g, and the maximum acceleration in the -x direction shall not exceed 3.5 g.

6.3.2.4 Acceleration in y direction

The lateral (y direction) acceleration shall comply with the specifications of Figure 3.

6.3.2.5 Acceleration in z direction

The vertical acceleration shall comply with the specifications of Figure 4.For example, the allowable acceleration limits for 0.3 s are az = -1.7 g and az = +6.0 g. When there is an impact load, the above values shall be reduced by 10 %.

6.3.2.6 Combination of accelerations

When the lateral acceleration ay and the vertical acceleration az exist at the same time, the ratios ay/[ay] and az/[az] of Figure 5 shall also be satisfied. Where ay and az are lateral and vertical actual acceleration values; [ay] and [az] are lateral and vertical allowable acceleration values. ay and az are the maximum acceleration values that are taken in 0.3 s, that is, the maximum values that occur within a time difference of 0.3 s, which need to be combined.

6.4 Welding design

6.4.1 Design principles of welded joints

6.4.1.1 The weld metal shall be compatible with the main metal. When steels of different strengths are connected, the welding materials compatible with low- strength steels shall be used.

6.4.1.2 The groove and dimension of welded joints shall comply with the specifications of GB/T 985.1 and GB/T 985.2.

6.4.1.3 Welding of weldments of different thicknesses or different widths. when the difference between one side of the two weldments is more than 4 mm, the bevel with a slope of not more than 1.4 shall be made from one side or two sides in the width or thickness direction, respectively, see Figure 7.

6.4.1.4 Under the premise of meeting the design, the number of welds and the stress concentration area should be reduced. Welds should avoid dense, cross- welded, two-way, three-way intersections, avoid high working stress portions in structures, machined surfaces, etc.

6.4.1.5 There should be enough space around the weld to facilitate the welding operation and post-welding testing.

6.4.2 Forms of welded joints

See Annex F for forms of welded joints.

6.4.3 Grading of welds

6.4.3.1 Grading principle

6.4.3.1.1 Welds shall be graded after risk assessment. In the risk assessment, factors such as the possibility of weld failure, the severity of failure consequences, and the testability of welds shall be considered.