GB 21746-2008Safety requirements for the educational equipment - General principles (English PDF)

4.1 General design and manufacturing teaching equipment

4.1.1 Design of teaching equipment, all teaching equipment, devices and components shall meet the safety requirements. When health and safety technical measures When conflict occurs with the equipment performance, it should give priority to health and safety technical requirements, and according to the following hierarchical order to select safety and health indicators.

a) direct health and safety measures. Teaching equipment itself should have essentially health and safety performance, ensure that equipment even if the abnormal situation Under conditions, it will not appear in any danger and harmful effects;

b) indirect health and safety measures. If the direct health and safety technical measures can not be achieved or can not be fully realized, the instrument should be teaching Design stage equipment, the effect of the body design is quite advanced nature of safety and health protection. Safety and health protection measures Design, manufacturing tasks should not be left to the user to bear.

c) prompt safety and health measures. If the indirect and direct health and safety measures can not be achieved or not be fully realized, the description should be to The corresponding parts of the book and the flag is set on the device by way of illustration and other safety equipment used conditions and precautions.

4.1.2 Design of teaching equipment, should ensure that their health and safety in the following ways.

a) in accordance with the characteristics and user requirements for children or beginners non-professionals to consider safety measures;

b) teaching equipment design should reflect the principles of ergonomics, teaching equipment to minimize operator caused by body Force, mental and psychological tensions consumption;

c) select the best design and evaluation of safety and health;

d) take effective protective measures against harmful factors and the risk factors that may arise;

e) safety and health requirements stated in the transport, storage, installation, use and maintenance and other technical documents;

f) Kindergarten Educational toys should be easy to clean and keep clean.

4.1.3 requires protection and safety devices Protection and safety devices should meet the following requirements.

a) should be under all the conditions are safe, as they have failed or lost, the device automatically shut down immediately;

b) safety devices should be able to guarantee the internal safety device in case of failure, it can still provide protection for personnel;

4.2 The teaching equipment

4.2.1 Where the use of security personnel and the possible health hazards likely to cause damage to property teaching equipment, should develop safety, Health standards. These devices generally include the following risk factors.

a) mechanical (high-speed, sharp objects, breakage, cuts, tears, abrasions, etc.);

b) high temperature (burn or scald);

c) low temperature;

d) high pressure (or pressure);

e) a high voltage;

f) electric shock;

h) ionizing radiation;

i) radioactivity;

j) may be exposed to hazardous substances (gas, liquid or solid);

k) may be exposed to harmful micro-organisms;

l) flammable and explosive materials;

m) pharynx (swallow) into the inhalation;

n) members flying;

5.1 Adaptability

5.1.1 Teaching Equipment should fully meet the performance requirements, so easy to operate, stable performance, reliable work. For equipment The capacity requirements for normal operation should not be exceeded.

5.1.2 within the prescribed period, the equipment should meet the environmental requirements, in particular, should meet the corrosion resistance, wear resistance, anti-fatigue, anti-aging and against Royal failure requirements.

5.1.3 Teaching Equipment should support each other to meet the requirements, not because of a mismatch is generated insecurity.

5.1.4 Equipment for use by children should take full account of the psychological and physiological characteristics of children age appropriate, and fully eliminate insecurity. These insecurities can refer to GB/T 13433.

5.1.5 should avoid human errors could easily lead to a design flaw.

a) does not consider the mass behavior habits;

b) requirements exceed the physical and mental endurance of people;

Note. for example, a design may require the person concerned has exceeded the body senses a tone or visual ability.

c) the design should not be required to pay a higher than normal level of effort and application;

Note. for example, poor lighting can cause eyestrain and thus people feel fatigue, excessive noise in the work environment will increase the degree of fatigue. Under

d) due to lack of facilities or signal, it requires the operator to be in the lack of tools and information about the monitoring equipment or imperfect situation with Subjective feeling of operation of the device;

e) operational procedures designed to make people not want to do or are too complex; NOTE. For example, if the product of two interrelated adjustment mechanism is required in order to accurately and repeatedly adjusted to get the correct value, independent of each other than the two tone The entire apparatus less prone to the correct value needed.

f) enables the user in dangerous operating environment.

5.2 Material

5.2.1 lifespan There may be risk factors for equipment and parts, its safe use period shall be less than the material under the conditions of use or aging Fatigue life; susceptible to corrosion or cavitation device and its components should be used in corrosion or cavitation erosion of manufacturing materials, and protective measures should be taken, And should provide for inspection and replacement cycle.

5.2.2 Stability

5.2.2.1 Manufacturing materials teaching equipment, allowing only selected within the prescribed time limit should be able to withstand that may arise under specified conditions Physical, chemical and biological effects of the material.

5.2.2.2 In normal use of the environment, manufacturing equipment unfit for use after falling Harmful aging material. If you must use, Should adopt reliable safety and health technical measures. Teaching Equipment products all due to material aging may cause performance degradation, and Movies Ring security of the site, should be used in anti-aging capabilities have enough material.

5.2.2.3 should not be used with the working media materials react equipment harm.

Note. for example, explosion or generation of hazardous substances.

5.2.2.4 handling flammable gases, flammable and combustible liquid (or solid) device, based on the body and should use non-combustible material.

5.2.3 Strength

5.2.3.1 endurance strength material parts of the safety factor should be higher than the corresponding parts of similar industrial products.

5.2.3.2 In the design of equipment should be based on the performance requirements for equipment selection and use of environmental materials, take measures to eliminate or weaken so Factors material deterioration, extend the life of equipment and spare parts, or reasonably determine the service life of equipment and spare parts and replacement cycle. The main factors to consider for example.

--- Slowly due to corrosion of metal does not have the strength required for the design;

--- Friction and wear of the material;

Note. such as sunlight, ultraviolet and infrared radiation can cause decomposition of polymers and other synthetic materials.

--- Temperature gradient will cause stress cracking or permanent deformation. High temperature can be permanently or temporarily change the physical properties of materials, Heating the plating layer is diffused into the crystal interface, the stress generated in the metal alloy, change the physical characteristics of the matrix metal. metal Since the material creep and relaxation phenomena, the material strength changes; internal chemical changes of organic material, such as molecular re-arrangement, Polymerization, cracking and pyrolysis. Some long-term non-metallic materials in high temperature, there will soften, flow, becomes gelatinous Or lose their adhesion;

--- Under low temperature metal, rubber and plastics are subjected to mechanical damage;

--- Humidity changes the wood, paper, textile, fiber and hydrophilic plastic produce expansion and contraction. Excessive moisture causes wood Soon material deterioration and loss of physical strength;

--- Drying of certain material becomes brittle and is not durable or flammable;

--- Radiation can also cause deterioration of materials;

--- Adsorption occurs in the black metal corrosion, or at the point of contact between dissimilar metals forming cells, leading to corrosion;

--- Microbial destruction or alteration;

Note. for example, include concrete, lumber, electrical materials, glass, optical instruments, photographic products, fat, oil, wax, minerals, metals, paints, fuel oil, Oil, grease, asphalt, plastics, rubber, resin, sewage treatment residue, wool, linen, cotton, man-made textiles, pulp stock, paper and cork.

--- Smoke can accelerate the deterioration of rubber products;

5.2.4 Insulation Materials

5.2.4.1 Selection and Application of Teaching Equipment Electrical insulating materials should be considered, temperature and mechanical strength, operating voltage, frequency and operating ring Environment (temperature, pressure, humidity and pollution) requirements.

5.2.4.2 natural rubber, hygroscopic materials and asbestos-containing materials should not be used as an insulating material.

5.2.5 Materials hazardous substances

5.2.5.1 Teaching Equipment products should not use flammable, radioactive material may have after explosive or energetic particle bombardment, if out of work When possible causes of the use of such material should take appropriate safety precautions, and proper use, storage, custody danger warning signs.

5.2.5.2 raw materials for wood-based panels with teaching equipment, plywood formaldehyde emission should be consistent with GB 18580.

5.2.5.3 Teaching Equipment Adhesives harmful substances should be consistent with GB 18583.

5.2.5.4 teaching equipment paint heavy metal limits should be consistent with GB 18581. Equipment and teaching materials for children with

5.2.5.5 should not use toxic materials, paints, solvents and adhesives. Prohibit the use of too high Allergic reactions and potentially carcinogenic materials. Children and students to use teaching aids in the migration of elements of the maximum limit by GB 6675- 2003

4.3.1 and Appendix C.

5.2.5.6 Selection of materials teaching equipment, should take full account of powdery substances on the human body.

5.2.5.7 Teaching materials should not be mixed with food (such as for taste).

5.3.1 Mechanical stability

5.3.1.1 Non-stationary devices should consider the following aspects.

a) no mechanical moving equipment, in any direction when placed on the inclined 10 ° slope should not be dumped;

b) the mechanical movement of the equipment, at the maximum load in any direction is placed on an inclined 10 ° slope, and at the top of the vertical The maximum force is applied in the direction of the mounting surface may reach twice and should not be dumped.

5.3.1.2 temporary fixtures should consider the following aspects

a) applying a force three times the maximum possible in the top of the device should not be loose;

b) at the maximum vibration condition may occur at twice the normal working time of an experiment should not be loose.

5.3.2 The appearance of edges, corners and sharp tip

5.3.2.1 Teaching Equipment easily accessible to the edge of the shell, projections, corners, openings, baffles, etc. There should be an acute angle, burr, rough Surface and flash. If unavoidable, it should be protected; exposed outer edge should be inverted obtuse angle should be rounded (including metal and wood, plastic and other non metal).

5.3.2.2 Use of brittle materials exposed in the appearance of the equipment parts of the force, after the material may have broken fast mouth, tip and wounding should Protective measures, or do not use brittle materials.

5.3.2.3 sports equipment, fitness equipment inevitable projections on large toys and objects, projections should be made with a rounded or soft material package Cover and other measures to protect. Inevitable projections, in addition to rounded, should make clear in color vision.

5.3.3 Moving parts

5.3.3.1 easy to use personal injury caused by moving parts (such as. gears, fans, belts, or movement of the support frame other components), should be Adequate protection. If, for functional reasons can not be done, there should be warning labels on the instrument, the risk factors indicated in the instructions for use.

5.3.3.2 High-speed rotating components should be configured to have sufficient strength, rigidity and appropriate shapes and sizes shield. Density of the shield should be able to So that the rejection was not flying by. And instructions to check and replace the standard cycle of such components in the instructions for use. If, for functional reasons can not do To, other security measures should be used, and there are warning labels on the instrument, the risk factors indicated in the instructions for use.

5.3.4 Noise and Vibration

5.3.4.1 Teaching Equipment products to prevent and avoid the use of generated noise above 60dB and severe vibration due to product demand To be unavoidable, there should be clear signs and safety precautions on the product. Inherent strong noise, strong vibration equipment, should be reduced or Setting isolation.

5.3.4.2 Teaching Equipment vibration during operation should not reach engender comfort level. Through appropriate setting Meter away from the resonance frequency.

5.4 high temperature, low temperature, high voltage Teaching equipment high temperature, low temperature, high voltage parts shou...