GB 21748-2008Safety requirement for the educational equipment - Basic requirements for equipment and spare parts (English PDF)

4.1 Basic requirements

4.1.1 classroom teaching, teaching equipment and components used in training (hereinafter referred to as "teaching machines") have been determined under the same standard conditions Temper Justice of the safety requirements for the use of appropriate safety standards, safety requirements priority contradiction in safety requirements and the economic interests of Etc. according to GB 21746-2008.

4.1.2 teaching equipment and parts product design of the structure and use of raw materials should be considered acts of users of different ages, the responding party Style, intelligence and capabilities; users should also consider the use of human data object and scope and can be expected at that age or Other users misuse. If necessary, the product standard shall specify the applicable age and use restrictions. To fully consider the different ages of students Psychological and physiological characteristics, so that safety, health, application, beautiful.

4.1.3 Teaching instruments and components should be considered for use in a variety of the most adverse situations that may arise can maximize the protection of safety, the junction Structure should be designed to avoid dangerous situations or to the degree of risk occurrence minimize shall direct, indirect or direct security technology, including direct Security technology has the greatest priority. If, for the needs of teaching and other technical reasons can not achieve effective security and protection must be provided to avoid Free use of the operating instructions and danger warnings.

4.1.4 determine what design, should follow the priorities 4.1.5. Wherein the elimination, prevention and mitigation of direct safety technology Surgery, isolation and security technology is an indirect interlock, warning prompted security technology. 4.1.5.1 ~

4.1.5.5 shall not take into account the technical measures used only informative technical safety measures.

4.1.5 Security Technology

4.1.5.1 Elimination Through rational planning, design and scientific management as a fundamental source to eliminate hazards. Such as the use of raw materials and harmless harmless experiment Party Method.

4.1.5.2 Prevention When the source is difficult or eliminate the hazard can not completely eliminate the hazard source, technology should adopt preventive measures to prevent harm occurring. Such as the use of melt Off, safety valves and the like.

4.1.5.3 weaken In the case of hazards can not be eliminated source and difficult to prevent, and should be used to reduce the harm of measures, such as the use of low toxic substances instead of the highly toxic substance Quality, limiting the radiation dose and the like.

4.1.5.4 Isolation In can not be eliminated, prevention and mitigation of the situation, measures should be adopted to harm people and isolate the source, such as the use of shields, shield and so on.

4.1.5.5 Interlocking Where possible, the interlock device should be used, so that in the event of operator error or equipment operation reaches a dangerous state, interlock Run the risk of termination.

4.1.5.6 Warning Fault and a larger risk-prone areas, or after taking the above measures residual danger remains, configure striking Identify warning signs, if necessary, use sound, light or sound and light signals.

4.1.6 When considering the safety performance of teaching equipment, analyzing various possible causes dangerous not only to take into account in accordance with the intended use and the positive Often used, but also taking into account the reasonably foreseeable misuse.

Note. The "intended use", the definition of "normal use" and "reasonably foreseeable misuse" see GB 6675-2003 in A. 3.

4.1.7 Teaching instruments and components used should be in accordance with the appropriate severity level of the specified instrument proper safety and make the appropriate test.

4.1.8 teaching instrument signals used to avoid the following drawbacks.

a) lack of signal facilities (for example, to indicate power on, the instrument normal operation and failure, etc.);

b) the improper selection signal;

c) improper position signal;

d) signal is unclear;

4.2.7 Use of unsuitable materials

a) aging, after damage to produce materials harmful substances (such as. glass fiber - epoxy composites);

b) for equipment used independently of students, in addition to very necessary, as far as possible without the glass material. You must use the glass as a material When the equipment, there should be flexible packaging, where possible, should the case with other glass-reinforced material to prevent crushing or breaking and Specification shall prevent the glass broken equipment wounding warning instructions;

c) When using glass materials, should be adopted without dazzling and unbreakable glass;

d) for children with equipment, toys or equipment, should not food (including food taste) mix.

Note. The above "try" means whenever possible, it should do so, the same below.

4.2.8 eliminate or reduce material deterioration factors According to material deterioration of the reason, in the design of the instrument should be selected and controlled. Means the instrument selection and use of environmental performance requirements Choice of material, control means taking measures to eliminate or reduce the deterioration of the material factors, extend the life of equipment and spare parts, or reasonably determined Life cycle and replacement equipment and parts, as well as to determine the required maintenance projects.

4.2.9 Other Material teaching the instrument shall comply with the

5.2 GB 5083-1999. Additional requirements for mechanical properties 5 teaching equipment

5.1 Control and adjustment member

5.1.1 Control adjustment member should not bring harm to users, the regulatory function should be clearly marked on the product in working condition.

5.1.2 various control operations should be durable and reliable components and switches, switches and knobs should be flexible rotation, jump clear, accurate positioning.

5.2 Structure

5.2.1 Instruments and various expandable and scalable structure should not have dangerous effects on the various instruments and associated projecting plate, sharp Angle edge. Fastening method

5.2.2 equipment and components should be reliable.

5.2.3 need to move product in hazardous situations for use, the handle should be made of the buried rather than drawing style. Position knob setting should not Other devices will be stuck, wire or protruding parts. In all possible cases, the handle should be set above the center of gravity.

5.2.4 Distribution of quality should be easy instrument handling, loading or positioning.

5.2.5 various safety valve, valve or other safety devices should be adjusted to its predetermined value. Xu

5.2.6 high speed rotating parts imbalance should be consistent with GB/T 9239.

5.2.7 Without prejudice to the use of performance, it is desirable to limit the quality and speed of moving parts, the operating force is limited to a minimum.

5.2.8 The instrument should be avoided when using or not using penetrating injuries caused due to failure risk factors, such as.

a) due to sudden rupture of component materials;

b) due to the small cross-sectional area of the parts popping;

c) Within the scope of personnel to operate in other parts of the tip, accidentally hurt the operation;

d) due to failure, the operation of other parts of parts or pop fly. When teaching equipment design certification and testing, should take into account all possible scenarios, analysis and test whether the presence of risk factors.

5.2.9 predetermined teaching toys into the mouth or element, if placed in 31.75mm truncated right cylinder × 57.15mm, and its structure should be So that when applied to 1 × 104Pa suction on the mouthpiece even said element is disengaged, can not be divorced toys.

5.2.10 manipulator, signal, display and control system according to GB 5083-1999 of

5.3 Vibration and shock

5.3.1 The equipment should be able to withstand without damage to its own vibration or shock, and encountered during transport vibration, shock or may encounter Other conditions to.

5.3.2 The instrument vibration generated during operation should not reach engender comfort level. Should be avoided by appropriate design Resonance frequency (avoid the resonance frequency of the request without resonance instrument).

5.3.3 anti-shock and anti-vibration device can only be used in the design or manufacture of the instrument difficult to meet the requirements specified in shock and vibration, or shock, vibration Non-destructive inertia may move or place.

5.3.4 damping apparatus should not in any other way except with a shock absorber designed to install.

5.3.5 cooling device or any other accessory device (such as cables, hoses and others) should not prevent damping bracket good work.

5.3.6 support, fixture, rail, cable clamps and mounting screws, etc., should be designed to lower the maximum acceleration (such as anticipated transport conditions Possible maximum acceleration) conditions prop mounted on the lower parts, and withstand accidental misuse by the situation.

5.4 Rotate the instrument

5.4.1 mounting frame rotary instruments should have sufficient rigidity and stability degrees.

5.4.2 mechanical connection with the operation of other devices should be installed to turn the instrument appropriate, to prevent damage to the connected equipment, couplings, install it Structure or other devices.

5.4.3 may be damaged by impact during operation or cause people to turn the instrument FOD should be equipped with at least two safety devices (Such as hard brakes, shock absorbers, buffers and vacuum or pneumatic flow restrictor). The instrument should automatically detect impending damage, and play Fixed backup safety device. Safety devices shall be installed by the test, ensure that it meets the requirements.

5.4.4 avoid fatigue in the variable component of stress (mainly cyclical stress), the rotary member should correct static balance and dynamic balance.

5.4.5 Parts

5.4.5.1 Under n...