GB 18871-2002Basic Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources (English PDF)

3.1 Application

3.1.1 Practice

The practice applicable to this standard shall include:

a) Source production and radiation or radioactive substance application in medical, industry, agriculture or teaching and research, including various activities related to application involved or possibly involved in radiation or radioactive substance exposure;

b) Generation of nuclear energy, including various activities involved or possibly involved in radiation or radioactive substance exposure in nuclear fuel cycle;

c) Practice involved in natural source exposure and controlled according to regulatory authority specification;

d) Other practices specified by regulatory authority.

3.1.2 Source

a) Radioactive substance and component containing radioactive substance or generating radiation, including consumer product, sealed source, unsealed source and radiation generator;

b) Device and facility with radioactive substance and equipment generating radiation, including irradiation installations, mine or mill processing radioactive ores, installation processing radioactive substances, nuclear installation and radioactive waste management facility;

c) Other sources specified by regulatory authority.

facility; if necessary, the requirements of this standard shall be applied to whole device or facility considered as single source according to regulatory authority specification.

3.3 Responsible Party of Implementation and Responsibility

4.1 Basic Principles

4.1.1 Introduction, implementation, interruption or stopping of any practice and exploitation, mill, processing, design, manufacture, construction, assembling, procurement, import, export, sales, sell out, lending, lease, receiving, installation, positioning, debugging, holding, use, operation, maintenance, repair, transfer, decommission, disassembly, transportation, storage or disposal of any source in practice shall be carried out according to relevant requirements of this standard; unless the exposure generated by relevant practice or source is excluded or the relevant practice or source is exempted by the requirements of this standard.

4.1.2 For any practice applicable to this standard, any source in practice or any activity specified in 4.1.1, the implementation of each relevant requirement of this standard shall be corresponding with characteristic of this practice or source and size and possibility of its caused exposure, and shall meet specified relevant requirements by regulatory authority.

4.2 Management Requirements

4.2.1 Notification

4.2.1.1 Any legal person intended to carry out some item practice or any activity specified in 4.1. […]

4.2.2 Approval: registration or licensing

4.2.2. […]

4.3 Radiation Protection Requirements

4.4 Operating Management Requirements

4.4.4 Qualified expert

4.6 Confirmation of Safety

4.6.3 Records

The records of monitoring and verification shall be preserved, including equipment inspection and calibration records.

5.1 Basic Principles

5.1.1 In order to reduce or avoid exposure, only when the adopted protective action or remedial action is justifiable under intervention condition, this action shall be adopted.

5.1.2 The form, scale and duration of any protective action or remedial action shall be optimized to obtain maximum net benefit considering as a whole under general social and economic condition.

5.1.3 Under emergency exposure condition, the protective action shall generally not be adopted unless exceeding or possibly exceeding the intervention level or action level (see E2) of Appendix E (Normative) aimed to protect member of the public.

5.1.4 Under prolonged exposure condition, the remedial action shall generally not be adopted unless exceeding relevant action level [see Appendix H (Informative)].

5.1.5 For any specific intervention condition applicable to this standard, the application of each relevant requirement of this standard shall be corresponding with the property, severity and involved range of this intervention condition.

5.2 Management Requirements

5.2.1 Emergency exposure condition

5.2.1.1 For each registrant or licensee, if the responsible source may require emergency intervention condition, the corresponding emergency plan or procedure shall be established through regulatory authority recognition; […]

6.1 Responsibility

a) Restrict occupational exposure according to those specified in Appendix B (Normative) of this standard; b) Optimize the occupational protection and safety according to the relevant requirements of this standard; c) Record resolution on measures for occupational protection and safety and notice the parties concerned of this resolution; d) Establish policy, procedure and organizational structure for implementation of the relevant requirements of this standard; engineering design and technical measures shall be given priority to for controlling occupational exposures; e) Provide proper and adequate protection and safety facilities, equipments and service and their perfection degree shall adapt to the predicted occupational exposure level and possibility; f) Provide corresponding protective devices and monitoring equipments and make arrangement for correct application of these devices and equipments; g) Provide necessary health supervision and service; h) Provide proper and adequate human resources to make arrangement for the protection and safety training and make arrangement for periodical retraining as circumstances demand in order to update knowledge and ensure staff reaching the required fitness level; i) Preserve relevant record according to the requirements of this standard; […]

6.2 Dose Control of Occupational Exposure

6.3 Working Conditions

7.1 Responsibility

7.1.1 The license holder shall be responsible for the protection and safety of the subject and the patient. And medical practitioner and health professional, radiation protection officer, qualified expert and supplier of medical exposure equipments concerned shall also assume corresponding responsibility respectively. 7.1.2 License holder shall ensure that: a) Only the medical practitioner with corresponding prequalification could make out inspection request note or treatment prescription of medical exposure; b) Diagnostic or therapeutic medical exposure could only be implemented on the subject and the patients according the Inspection request note or treatment prescription of medical exposure; c) When the inspection list or treatment prescription of medical exposure is made out, and during the medical exposure implementation, the medical practitioner shall assume main responsibility for the protection and safety of the subject and the patients. d) The allocated health professionals shall meet the requirements and receive corresponding training and shall be able to assume designated task during the implementation of diagnosis and treatment procedures as specified in inspection list or treatment prescription of medical exposure. […]

7.2 Soundness Judgment of Medical Exposure

8.1 Responsibility

8.1.1 The registrant and license holder shall control the source which they are responsible for or the public exposure induced during practice unless this type of exposure is ruled out or the practice or source causing this type of exposure is exempted according to those specified in this standard. For the ruled out natural source exposure or the non-exempted natural source, except that the exposure caused by radon is below the action level of prolonged exposure as established by the audit and management department, the registrant and license holder shall carry out the relevant requirements of this standard (see 3.1.3.2) according to those specified by the audit and management department. 8.1.2 In terms of the source, the registrant and license holder shall be responsible that: a) Establish and implement the relevant protection and safety principles and procedures relevant to the public exposure control and establish corresponding organizational structure; b) Establish, adopt and adhere to the corresponding measure and shall ensure that: 2) The gross individual exposure dose (see 4.3. […]

9.1 Responsibility

9.1.1 Registrant and licensee shall be responsible for the potential exposure control of the source (safety of source) of which they are in charge, shall implement the general requirements specified in Chapter 3 and the major requirements specified in Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 of this standard, and also shall implement the detail requirements specified in this chapter according to the actual conditions of the source of which they are in charge. […]

9.2 Safety Assessment

9.2.1 Registrant and licensee shall conduct safety assessment on the source of which they are in charge according to the relevant requirements specified in Chapter 4 (see 4.2.2.3 and 4.6.1). As for the same type of sources with consistent structure, system and element design, if the safety assessment on the technical performance of the source has already been done, a general safety assessment may be done on the local installation, application and running operation conditions of the source with the confirmation of the regulatory authority. Under other circumstances, the comprehensive detailed special safety assessment shall be done generally. 9.2. […]

9.3 Requirements for Design

9.4 Requirements for Running and Operation

10.1 Responsibility

Registrant, licensee, relevant intervening organization and regulatory authority shall take responsibilities of the preparation, implementation and management of intervention under emergency exposure condition according to relevant regulations of the State and the requirements of this standard.

10.2 Emergency Plan

10.2.1 Emergency plan shall be formulated according to sort and scale of source and characteristics of site to clearly specify the responsibilities of preparation, implementation and management of emergency intervention in and out of the site and to make corresponding arrangement. The on-site and off-site emergency plans shall be connected and coordinated mutually. 10.2.2 Registrant, licensee, corresponding intervening organization and regulatory authority shall guarantee: a) Have been formulated emergency plan for any practice or source may need to be carried out with emergency intervention and have fulfilled the corresponding approval procedure; b) Intervening organization participates in the formulation of the relevant emergency plans; experiences and lessons from the running operation of fellow sources and the accidents have occurred, when determining the property, content and scope of emergency plan; d) Review and revise the emergency plan regularly; […]

10.3 Intervention Decision and Intervention Level

11.1 Responsibility

Registrant, licensee, relevant intervening organization and regulatory authority shall take responsibilities of the preparation, implementation and management of intervention under prolonged exposure condition according to relevant regulations of the State and the requirements of this standard.

11.3 Justifiability Judgment of Remedial Action

11.3.1 Under prolonged exposure conditions, if the dose level is approximate to or is predicted to be approximate to the values listed in Table E1.2 of Appendix E (Normative), then it is nearly always justifiable to take remedial actions in all cases (see 5.3.1).In this case, for any decision on not taking remedial actions, its justifiability must be judged. a) As for the practice that has been registered or approved and is under the control of radiation protection system, when considering the remedial action related to the prolonged exposure of this practice, the net benefit of the remedial action itself shall not be considered independently as the justifiability judgment of this remedial action shall be one integral part of the justifiability judgment of this practice; […]