GB 18484-2020Standard for pollution control on hazardous waste incineration (English PDF)

3.3 Incineration facility

A device that disposes of hazardous waste by incineration to reduce its quantity, size and eliminate its hazardous characteristics, including a feeding device, incinerator, flue gas purification device and control system, etc.

3.4 Incineration capacity

The design capacity of an incineration facility to incinerate hazardous waste per unit time.

3.5 Incineration residues

Incineration residues, fly ash and wastewater treatment sludge discharged after the incineration of hazardous waste.

3.6 Loss of ignition

The percentage of the mass reduction of the incineration residue after burning to the original mass of the incineration residue. It is calculated according to Formula (1):

Where:

P - loss of ignition, in %;

A - the mass of the original incineration residue at room temperature after drying at (105 +/- 25)°C for 1 h, in g;

B - the mass of the incineration residue after being calcined at (600 +/- 25)°C for 3h and then cooled to room temperature, in g.

3.7 High temperature section of incinerator

At the outlet of the incinerator combustion chamber and upstream of the outlet, the flue gas temperature generated by combustion is in the range of >=1100°C.

3.8 Flue gas residence time

The duration that the flue gas generated by combustion is in the high temperature section (>=1100°C) can be calculated by the ratio of the effective volume of the high temperature section of incinerator to the flue gas flow rate.

3.13 Toxic equivalency factor (TEF)

The ratio of the affinity properties of dioxin congeners and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin for aromatic receptors (Ah receptors). Please see Appendix A for the toxic equivalence factors of typical dioxin congeners.

3.14 Toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ)

The concentration of each dioxin congener is converted into an equivalent concentration equal to the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. The toxic equivalent quantity is the product of the measured concentration by the toxic equivalent factor of the isomer. It is calculated according to Formula (4):

Where:

TEQ - toxic equivalent quantity;

TEF - toxic equivalency factor.

3.15 Standard conditions

The gas state at a temperature of 273.15 K and a pressure of 101.325 kPa. The concentration limits of atmospheric pollutant emissions specified in this Standard are based on dry gas under standard conditions.

3.16 Average value

The arithmetic mean of the test values of pollutant concentration in a certain number of samples collected within a certain period of time. The monitoring of dioxins shall complete the collection of no less than 3 samples within 6h to 12h; the monitoring of heavy metal pollutants shall complete the collection of no less than 3 samples within 0.5h to 8h.

3.17 1-hour average value The arithmetic mean of any pollutant concentration within 1 h; or the arithmetic mean of the test values of 3 to 4 samples collected at equal time intervals within 1 h.

3.18 24-hour average value The arithmetic mean of the 1-hour average values within 24 consecutive hours. The number of valid hourly average values shall be no less than 20.

3.19 Daily average value

The daily average mass concentration of pollutants is calculated using the 1-hour average value (concentration of dioxin toxic congener x TEF)

3.22 New incineration facility

New construction, reconstruction and expansion of hazardous waste incineration facilities with approved environmental impact assessment documents after the implementation date of this Standard.

4.1 The site selection of hazardous waste incineration facilities shall comply with the laws and

regulations on ecological and environmental protection and relevant statutory planning requirements, and comprehensively consider the basic factors such as the service area of the facilities, transportation, geological environment, etc., to ensure that the facilities are in a relatively stable environment in the long term. Hazardous waste incineration facilities are encouraged to be located in concentrated areas of municipal facilities such as circular economy parks. The functional layout of each facility in this area can be adjusted according to the environmental impact assessment documents.

4.2 The site selection of incineration facilities shall not be located in the ecological protection

red line areas, permanent basic farmland concentration areas and other areas requiring special protection designated by the State Council and relevant competent departments of the State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

4.3 The site of the incineration facility shall be set at a certain protective distance from sensitive

targets. The protective distance shall be determined comprehensively based on the site conditions, incineration disposal technology and process, pollutant emission characteristics and their diffusion factors; and shall meet the requirements of the environmental impact assessment documents and approval opinions.

5.1 Storage

5.1.1 Storage facilities shall meet the requirements specified in GB 18597.

5.1.2 Storage facilities shall be equipped with temporary storage facilities and partitions for

incineration residues.

5.2 Compatibility

5.2.1 Hazardous wastes entering the furnace shall meet the design requirements of the

incinerator. Hazardous wastes with explosive properties are prohibited from being incinerated.

5.2.2 Before entering the furnace, hazardous wastes shall be taken compatibility according to

the performance requirements of the incinerator so that their calorific value, main harmful component content, combustible chlorine content, metal content, combustible sulfur content, moisture and ash content meet the design requirements of the incineration disposal facilities;

and the physical and chemical properties of the waste entering the furnace shall be stable.

5.2.3 Pollution control measures in the pretreatment and compatibility workshops shall meet

the requirements specified in GB 18597. The generated waste gas shall be collected and introduced into the waste gas treatment device; and the generated waste water shall be collected and introduced into the waste water treatment device.

5.3 Incineration

5.3.1 General provisions

5.3.1.1 Incineration facilities shall adopt negative pressure design or other technical measures

to prevent the escape of harmful gases during operation.

5.3.1.2 Incineration facilities shall be equipped with feeding devices with automatic online and

shutdown functions, flue gas purification devices, and operation monitoring devices integrated with online automatic flue gas monitoring, online monitoring of operating conditions and other functions.

5.3.1.3 Before the environmental protection acceptance of the completed incineration facilities, technical performance tests shall be carried out. The test methods shall be implemented in accordance with HJ 561. Only after the performance test is qualified can it pass the acceptance.

5.3.2 Feeding device

5.3.2.1 The feeding device shall ensure smooth and uniform feeding, and adopt anti-blocking

and clearing design.

5.3.2.2 The liquid waste feeding device shall be set up separately, and shall have filtering

function and flow regulation function, and the corrosion-resistant material shall be selected.

5.3.2.3 The feeding port shall be designed to be airtight and anti-backfire.

5.3.3 Incinerator

5.3.3.1 The technical performance indicators of hazardous waste incinerators shall meet the

requirements of Table 1.

utilization and disposal shall comply with the relevant national and local hazardous waste regulations.

6.6 Wastewater discharge from incineration facilities shall meet the requirements of GB 8978.

6.7 Noise at factory boundaries shall meet the control requirements of GB 12348.

7.1 General provisions

7.1.1 Hazardous waste incineration organizations shall collect, store and transport hazardous

wastes in accordance with the requirements of HJ 2025.

7.1.2 During the operation of the incineration facility, an operation record system shall be

established to truthfully record the operation management situation. The operation record shall at least include the source, type, quantity, storage and disposal information of hazardous wastes;

the physical and chemical characteristics analysis results and compatibility plan of the waste entering the furnace; the facility operation and process parameter information; environmental monitoring data; the quality and amount of activated carbon; the destination and quantity of incineration residues, etc.

7.1.3 The incineration organization shall establish all the archives of the incineration facility, including design, construction, acceptance, operation, monitoring and emergency response, etc.

The archives shall be sorted and filed in accordance with the relevant national laws and regulations on archive management.

7.1.4 The incineration organizations shall prepare an environmental emergency plan and

organize emergency drills regularly.

7.1.5 Incineration organizations shall establish a soil and groundwater pollution risk detection

and control system in accordance with relevant national and local requirements; and conduct regular risk detection. If risks are found, timely measures shall be taken to eliminate them and archives shall be established.

7.2 Operation requirements for incineration facility

7.2.1 When starting up a hazardous waste incineration facility, the temperature in the furnace

shall be raised to the temperature specified in Table 1 before adding hazardous waste. After the incineration facility is started and hazardous waste is added, the amount of input shall be gradually increased, and a stable operating condition shall be reached within 6 h.

7.2.2 When the incineration facility is shut down, the combustion-supporting device shall be

used to ensure that the temperature in the furnace meets the requirements specified in Table 1 until the remaining hazardous waste in the furnace is completely burned.

7.2.3 When a failure occurs during the operation of the incineration facility and cannot be

eliminated in time, the feeding of hazardous waste shall be stopped immediately and the furnace shall be shut down in accordance with the requirements of 7.2.2. The duration of pollutant emissions from a single incineration facility due to start-up, shutdown, failure and accident shall not exceed 60 h in total per natural year. The heating period of the furnace before the hazardous waste is added to the furnace is not included in the start-up time, and the shutdown and cooling period after the hazardous waste in the furnace is burned out is not included in the shutdown time.

7.2.4 During the time specified in 7.2.1, 7.2.2 and 7.2.3, the online automatic monitoring data

shall not be used as the basis for assessing whether the emission limit of this Standard is met, but the 1-hour average value of the flue gas particulate matter concentration shall be no greater than 150 mg/m3.

7.2.5 It shall be ensured that the 5-min average value of the temperature measured by the

thermocouple in the incinerator furnace under normal operating conditions is no less than 1100°C.

8.1 General provisions

8.1.1 Hazardous waste incineration organizations shall establish enterprise monitoring systems

and formulate monitoring plans in accordance with relevant laws, the Environmental Monitoring and Management Methods and HJ 819; conduct self-monitoring of pollutant emissions and their impact on the surrounding environmental quality; preserve original monitoring records; and publish monitoring results.

8.1.2 The installation of automatic monitoring equipment for pollutant emissions in incineration

facilities shall be carried out in accordance with relevant laws and the Measures for the Administration of Automatic Monitoring of Pollution Sources.

8.1.3 The pollutant monitoring method standards issued by the state after the implementation

of this Standard shall also be applicable to the determination of the corresponding pollutants in this Standard if their applicability meets the requirements.

8.2 Air pollutant monitoring

8.2.1 Sampling shall be carried out at the specified pollutant emission monitoring location

according to the type of air pollutants to be monitored; if there are waste gas treatment facilities, testing shall be carried out after the facilities. The monitoring and sampling of air pollutants in exhaust tubes shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 16157, HJ 916, HJ/T 397, HJ/T 365 or HJ75.

8.2.2 The monitoring of heavy metal pollutants in air pollutants shall be carried out at least once

at least include hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, carbon monoxide and flue gas oxygen content. The collection and transmission of online automatic monitoring data shall meet the requirements of HJ 75 and HJ 212.

8.3 Monitoring of water pollutant

8.3.1 The monitoring of water pollutants shall be carried out in accordance with the

determination methods specified in GB 8978 and HJ 91.1.

8.3.2 Wastewater metering devices and online automatic monitoring equipment shall be set up

in accordance with relevant national and local requirements.

8.4 Other monitoring

8.4.1 The loss on ignition shall be monitored at least once a week. The collection and

preparation methods of the sample shall be carried out in accordance with HJ/T 20; and the test steps shall refer to HJ 1024.

8.4.2 The online automatic monitoring indicators of the incinerator operating conditions shall

at least include the temperature measured by the thermocouple in the furnace.

9.1 The ecological and environmental authorities at or above the county level shall be

responsible for supervising the implementation of this Standard.

9.2 Except for force majeure disasters and other emergency situations, hazardous waste

incineration facilities shall meet the pollution control requirements of this Standard and take necessary measures to ensure the normal operation of pollution prevention and control facilities.

9.3 When conducting supervisory inspections on hazardous waste incineration facilities, the

ecological and environmental authorities at all levels may use the results of on-site real-time sampling or monitoring of water pollutants as the basis for determining whether the discharge behavior complies with the emission standards and the implementation of relevant ecological and environmental protection management measures. For atmospheric pollutants, they may use manual monitoring and any 1-hour average concentration value measured in accordance with the monitoring specifications as the basis for determining whether the discharge behavior complies with the emission standards and the implementation of relevant ecological and environmental protection management measures.

9.4 In addition to the conditions specified in 7.2.4, the CEMS daily average data can be used as

a basis for determining whether the pollution discharge behavior complies with the emission standards. If the thermocouple temperature in the furnace does not meet the requirements of 7.2.5, and that cumulative temperature exceeds 5 times in one natural gate, it shall be determined as "failure to take measures conducive to reducing persistent organic pollutant