GB/T 3730.1-2022Terms and definitions of motor vehicles, trailers and combination vehicle— Part 1: Types (English PDF)

3.1 Completed vehicle

Completed vehicle refers to a vehicle that already has the designed functions and no longer needs manufacturing operations.

3.2 Incomplete vehicle

Incomplete vehicle refers to a drivable unit that consists of at least a frame or other load-bearing structures, power system, transmission system, driving system, steering system and braking system, etc., but still requires manufacturing operations to become a completed vehicle.

3.2.1 Type II chassis

Type II chassis refers to an incomplete vehicle with a cab and no cargo platform or operating equipment.

3.2.2 Type III chassis

Type III chassis refers to an incomplete vehicle without vehicle body, cargo platform or operating equipment.

3.3 Motor vehicle

Motor vehicle refers to a non-track-borne vehicle driven by power, and with four or more wheels, including vehicle connected to power lines (for example, trolley bus), which is mainly used for:

---carrying persons and / or cargos (goods);

---towing vehicles carrying persons and / or cargos (goods) or vehicles for special purposes;

---special operations or special purposes.

This term also includes the following power-driven and non-track-borne three-wheeled vehicles:

a) Three-wheeled vehicles with a complete vehicle curb weight of more than 400 kg, without a cab, and used for carrying cargos;

b) Three-wheeled vehicles with a complete vehicle curb weight of more than 600 kg, without a cab, cargo-carrying structure or function, and designed and manufactured for a maximum of 2 persons (including the driver);

c) Three-wheeled vehicles with a complete vehicle curb weight of more than 600 kg.

NOTE: vehicle refers to completed vehicle.

3.3.1 Passenger car

Passenger car refers to a vehicle mainly used to carry passengers and their carry-on luggage and / or temporary goods in terms of design, manufacture and technical characteristics, and with a maximum of 9 seats, including the driver's seat.

NOTE: passenger car may be equipped with certain special purpose equipment or appliances, and may also have tow trailers.

3.3.2 Bus

Bus refers to a vehicle used to carry passengers and their carry-on luggage in terms of design, manufacture and technical characteristics, and with over 9 seats, including the driver's seat.

NOTE: bus may tow trailers.

3.3.3 Goods vehicle

Goods vehicle refers to a vehicle mainly used to carry cargos and / or tow trailers in terms of design, manufacture and technical characteristics. It also includes vehicles equipped with certain special equipment or appliances, but with the main purpose of carrying cargos, and do not belong to special operation vehicle or special purpose vehicle.

3.3.4 Special vehicle

Special vehicle refers to a vehicle used to carry specific personnel, transport special cargos (including the special structure of the loading part) in terms of design, manufacture and technical characteristics, or equipped with special devices for special engineering. […]

4.2.2 Convertible saloon

Convertible saloon refers to a passenger car with the following technical characteristics:

a) Vehicle body: an openable body with a fixed side frame;

b) Roof (head cover): the roof is hard or soft, and has at least two positions:

1) Closed;

2) Open or removable.

c) The openable vehicle body can be closed by using one or several hard-top parts and / or folding soft top;

d) Seats: 4 or more seats, at least 2 rows;

e) Doors: 2 or 4 side doors;

f) Windows: 4 or more side windows.

NOTE: window refers to a glass window, which may consist of one or several pieces of glass (for example, ventilation window is a constituent part of the window).

4.2.3 Pullman saloon; pullman sedan; executive limousine

Pullman saloon refers to a passenger car with the following technical characteristics:

a) Vehicle body: closed, with a partition between the front and rear seats;

b) Roof (head cover): fixed hard top; a part of some roofs can be opened;

c) Seats: 4 or more seats, at least 2 rows; foldable seats can be mounted in front of the rear seats;

d) Doors: 4 or 6 side doors; one rear-opening door is also allowed;

e) Windows: 6 or more side windows.

4.2.4 Coupe

Coupe refers to a passenger car with the following technical characteristics:

a) Vehicle body: closed, usually with a relatively small rear space;

b) Roof (head cover): fixed hard top; a part of some roofs can be opened;

c) Seats: 2 or more seats, at least 1 row;

d) Doors: 2 side doors; one rear-opening door is also allowed;

e) Windows: 2 or more side windows.

4.2.5 Convertible; open tourer; roadster; spider

Convertible refers to a passenger car with the following technical characteristics:

a) Vehicle body: openable;

b) Roof (head cover): the roof is hard or soft, and has at least two positions:

1) The first position covers the vehicle body;

2) The second position with the roof retractable or removable.

c) Seats: 2 or more seats, at least 1 row.

d) Doors: 2 or 4 side doors;

e) Windows: 2 or more side windows.

4.2.6 Hatchback

Hatchback refers to a passenger car with the following technical characteristics:

a) Vehicle body: closed, with or without side window center pillars;

b) Roof (head cover): fixed hard top; a part of some roofs can be opened;

c) Seats: 4 or more seats, at least 2 rows; the rear seats can be folded or moved to form a loading space;

d) Doors: 2 or 4 side doors; a door that be vertically opened is provided at the rear of the vehicle body.

4.2.7 Station wagon

Station wagon refers to a passenger car with the following technical characteristics:

a) Vehicle body: closed; the shape of the rear can provide a relatively large internal space;

b) Roof (head cover): fixed hard top; a part of some roofs can be opened; […]

5.4 Interurban bus

Interurban bus refers to a bus specially designed and manufactured for transporting short-distance passengers between cities or between urban and rural areas, and without a passenger standing area.

5.5 City bus; urban bus

City bus / urban bus refers to a bus equipped with seats and a passenger standing area, and sufficient space for passengers to get on and off the bus during frequent stops. There are fixed bus operating routes and stations, and they are mainly operated in urban built-up areas.

NOTE: trolley bus also belongs to city bus / urban bus.

5.5.1 Low-floor city bus

Low-floor city bus refer to a city bus, in which, the floor of the central passage area from the front passenger door to the centerline of the last axis (or beyond the centerline) forms a single area without steps in the compartment (for double-deck bus, it is the lower compartment), and each step of the passenger door in this area is a first-level step.

5.5.2 Low entry city bus

Low entry city bus refers to a city bus, in which, the floor of the central passage area from the front passenger door to the rear column of the passenger door in front of the drive axle of the vehicle forms a single area without steps in the compartment (for double-deck bus, it is the lower compartment), and each step of the passenger door in this area is a first-level step.

5.6 Special bus

Special bus refers to a bus used to carry specific personnel and perform specific functions in terms of design, manufacture and technical characteristics (for example, special school bus) and a special vehicle equipped with special equipment or appliances, and with more than 9 seats (including the driver's seat). It also includes a special passenger-carrying vehicle modified on the basis of bus but not classified as special operation vehicle.

5.6.1 Special school bus

Special school bus refers to a special bus specially designed for the organized transportation of preschool children over 3 years old or students in the compulsory education stage in terms of design, manufacture and technical characteristics.

5.7 Articulated bus

Articulated bus refers to a bus consisting of two or three interconnected rigid compartments through articulation, and passengers can freely walk among the compartments through the articulated parts.

NOTE: articulated bus has two or three rigid compartments that are permanently jointed together and can only be disassembled in the workshop using specialized facilities.

5.8 Double-deck bus

Double-deck bus refers to a bus whose compartments are divided into the upper and lower layers.

5.9 Light bus

Light bus refers to a bus with no more than 19 seats, including the driver's seat, with a length of not greater than 7,000 mm, and without a passenger standing area.

5.10 Trolley bus

Trolley bus refers to a bus driven by electricity through wiring.

5.11 Off-road bus

Off-road bus refers to a bus with one of the following two technical characteristics:

a) The maximum design total mass does not exceed 12,000 kg, and all wheels are designed to be simultaneously driven (including vehicles whose drive axle can be disengaged), or simultaneously meet the following conditions:

1) At least one front axle and at least one rear axle can be simultaneously driven (including vehicles whose drive axle can be disengaged);

2) At least one differential locking mechanism or at least one similarly acting mechanism;

3) When the vehicle is in the maximum design total mass state, the calculated gradient of a single vehicle is at least 25%.

b) The maximum design total mass exceeds 12,000 kg, and all wheels are designed to be simultaneously driven (including vehicles whose drive axle can be disengaged), or simultaneously meet the following conditions:

1) At least half of the wheels are used for drive;

2) At least one differential locking mechanism or at least one similarly acting mechanism;

3) When the vehicle is in the maximum design total mass state, the calculated gradient of a single vehicle is at least 25%;

4) When the vehicle is in the maximum design total mass state, and has at least four of the following six technical characteristics: […]

6.2 Curtain side vehicle

Curtain side vehicle refers to a goods vehicle whose structure of the loading part is side curtain type and independent from the driver's cab; the side of the loading part is equipped with slidable side curtains, sliding columns, side curtain tightening devices and cargo breast boards or handrails; the roof is composed of left and right side beams, front and rear end beams, metal beams and a top plate; fastening points can be set on the floor.

6.3 Close van

Close van refers to a goods vehicle whose structure of the loading part is a closed compartment, which is integrated with the driver's cab; the vehicle body structure is one-van or two-van.

6.4 Multipurpose goods vehicle; pick-up vehicle

Multipurpose goods vehicle refers to a vehicle with a long vehicle body and cab structure, and an open cargo box (the roof of the cargo box can be added), with no more than 5 seats (including the driver) and a maximum design total mass of not greater than 3,500 kg.

NOTE: the long vehicle body means that more than half of the engine length is located before the frontmost point of the vehicle's front windshield (except battery electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles), and the center of the steering wheel is located behind the front quarter of the vehicle's total length.

6.5 Off-road goods vehicle

Off-road goods vehicle refers to a goods vehicle with one of the following three technical characteristics:

a) The maximum design total mass does not exceed 2,000 kg, and simultaneously have the following technical characteristics:

1) At least one front axle and at least one rear axle can be simultaneously driven (including vehicles whose drive axle can be disengaged);

2) At least one differential locking mechanism or at least one similarly acting mechanism;

3) When the vehicle is in the complete vehicle curb weight and one-driver state, the calculated gradient of a single vehicle is at least 25%;

4) When the vehicle is in the complete vehicle curb weight and one-driver state, and has at least five of the following six technical characteristics:

---The approach angle is not less than 25°;

---The departure angle is not less than 20°;

---The ramp breakover angle is not less than 20°;

---The ground clearance of the front axle is not less than 180 mm;

---The ground clearance of the rear axle is not less than 180 mm;

---The ground clearance between the front and rear axles is not less than 200 mm.

b) The maximum design total mass exceeds 2,000 kg and does not exceed 12,000 kg, and all wheels are designed to be simultaneously driven (including vehicles whose drive axle can be disengaged), or simultaneously have the following technical characteristics:

1) At least one front axle and at least one rear axle can be simultaneously driven (including vehicles whose drive axle can be disengaged);

2) At least one differential locking mechanism or at least one similarly acting mechanism;

3) When the vehicle is in the maximum design total mass state, the calculated gradient of a single vehicle is at least 25%.

c) The maximum design total mass exceeds 12,000 kg, and all wheels are designed to be simultaneously driven (including vehicles whose drive axle can be disengaged), or simultaneously have the following technical characteristics:

1) At least half of the wheels are used for drive;

2) At least one differential locking mechanism or at least one similarly acting mechanism;

3) When the vehicle is in the maximum design total mass state, the calculated gradient of a single vehicle is at least 25%;

4) When the vehicle is in the maximum design total mass state, and has at least four of the following six technical characteristics:

---The approach angle is not less than 25°;

---The departure angle is not less than 25°;

---The ramp breakover angle is not less than 25°;

---The ground clearance of the front axle is not less than 250 mm;

---The ground clearance of the rear axle is not less than 250 mm; […]

7.1.1.3 Fence semi-trailer

Fence semi-trailer refers to a semi-trailer whose structure of the loading part is cage type or fence type, and the top of the loading part is equipped with a roof rod fixed to the side fence and cannot be disassembled or adjusted.

7.1.1.4 Van semi-trailer

Van semi-trailer is a semi-trailer whose structure of the loading part is a compartment, and the top of the compartment (except the wing-opening vehicles) is closed and non-openable.

7.1.1.5 Dump semi-trailer

Dump semi-trailer refers to a semi-trailer whose structure of the loading part is a breast board and equipped with an automatic dumping device.

7.1.1.6 Curtain side semi-trailer

Curtain side semi-trailer refers to a semi-trailer whose structure of the loading part is side curtain type; the side of the loading part is equipped with slidable side curtains, sliding columns, side curtain tightening devices and cargo breast boards or handrails; the roof is composed of left and right side beams, front and rear end beams, metal beams and a top plate; fastening points can be set on the floor.

7.1.1.7 Specialized transport goods semi-trailer

Specialized transport goods semi-trailer refers to a semi-trailer with one of the following two technical characteristics:

---only after special arrangements can the cargos be carried;

---carry out the transport missions of only special items.

7.1.2 Special operation semi-trailer

Special operation semi-trailer refers to a semi-trailer equipped with special equipment or appliances and used for special engineering (including sanitary & medical services) operations or special purposes in terms of design, manufacture and technical characteristics.

7.1.3 Bus semi-trailer

Bus semi-trailer refers to a semi-trailer used to carry passengers and their carry-on luggage in terms of design, manufacture and technical characteristics.

7.1.4 Caravan semi-trailer

Caravan semi-trailer refers to a semi-trailer equipped with sleeping gear and other necessary living facilities for travel and camping.

7.2 Center-axle trailer

Center-axle trailer refers to a trailer whose traction device cannot be vertically moved (relative to the trailer), only vertical static load not exceeding 10% of the maximum mass of the trailer or 1,000 kg (whichever is smaller) acts on the towing vehicle, and the axle is located close to the center of gravity of the trailer (when evenly loaded).

7.2.1 Goods center-axle trailer

Goods center-axle trailer refers to a center-axle trailer used to carry cargos in terms of design, manufacture and technical characteristics.

7.2.2 Special operation center-axle trailer

Special operation center-axle trailer refers to a center-axle trailer equipped with special equipment or appliances and used for special engineering (including sanitary & medical services) operations or special purposes in terms of design, manufacture and technical characteristics.

7.2.3 Caravan center-axle trailer

Caravan center-axle trailer refers to a center-axle trailer equipped with sleeping gear and other necessary living facilities for travel and camping.

7.3 Draw-bar trailer

Draw-bar trailer refers to a trailer with at least two axles (except trailer converter dolly) and the following technical characteristics:

---At least one axle is the steering axle;

---Coupled with the towing vehicle through the angular movement of the draw-bar;

---The draw-bar can move vertically and be coupled with the chassis, without bearing any vertical force.

NOTE: the combination of semi-trailer and trailer converter dolly is also considered as a draw-bar trailer.

7.3.1 Goods draw-bar trailer

Goods draw-bar trailer refers to a draw-bar trailer used to carry cargos in terms of design, manufacture and technical characteristics.

7.3.2 Special operation draw-bar trailer

Special operation draw-bar trailer refers to a draw-bar trailer equipped with special equipment or appliances and used for special engineering (including sanitary & medical services) operations or special purposes in terms of design, manufacture and technical characteristics. […]