GB 13094-2025Safety requirements for bus construction (English PDF)

4.1 General requirements

4.1.1 If a bus belongs to two or more of the following categories. Class A, Class B, Class I, Class II, and Class III, then the vehicle shall comply with the relevant clauses of each of its categories in this document.

4.1.2 Unless otherwise specified, the measurements in this document shall be taken on a horizontal plane when the bus is of mass of the vehicle in running order (with members of the crew seated or with appropriate counterweight); the adjustable backrest angles of the passenger seats and driver's seats, as well as other seat adjustments, shall be at the design reference positions specified by the manufacturer. If the bus is equipped with a kneeling system, the system shall be installed at the height specified by the bus manufacturer.

4.1.3 This document requires that a certain surface inside the vehicle shall be horizontal or at a certain angle under the mass of the vehicle in running order. For buses with mechanical suspension, the surface may be tilted or exceed the specified angle under the mass of the vehicle in running order, provided that the requirement is met under the loading conditions declared by the bus manufacturer. If the bus is equipped with a kneeling system, the system shall be in the condition specified by the bus manufacturer.

4.1.4 Buses that provide facilities for passengers with reduced mobility shall comply with the relevant provisions of Appendix A. If the bus is only equipped with priority seats and guide dog space, then it only needs to comply with the relevant provisions of A.2 ~ A.6.

4.2 Axle load and passenger usable area

4.2.1 Axle load distribution Under the mass of the vehicle in running order and the maximum design total mass of the bus, the percentage of the load on its front axle to the total mass of the bus under the corresponding load state shall be greater than or equal to the provisions in Table 1.

4.2.2 Passenger usable area The effective area of the passenger compartment shall be calculated in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 12428.For Class I, Class II, and Class A buses, the number of passenger seats on each deck shall be at least equal to the nearest integer obtained by rounding down the effective area of the passenger compartment on that deck (in square meters). The number of passenger seats in Class I buses (excluding the upper deck of a double-deck bus) shall not be less than 90% of this integer.

Note. The effective area of the passenger compartment is the passenger usable area.

4.3 Roll stability

4.3.1 When the test platform where the bus is parked is tilted 28° to the left and then to the right from a horizontal position, the bus shall not roll over.

4.3.2 When conducting the stability test, the bus shall be in the mass of the vehicle in running order (with the driver and members of the crew assumed to be 75 kg/person), and the number of standing passengers shall be calculated according to the relevant provisions of GB/T 12428.Configure the load as follows:

a) A load (66 kg for Class I and Class A buses, and 69 kg for Class B, Class II, and Class III buses) shall be applied to each seat (for double-deck buses, only the upper-deck seats); for single-deck buses with a passenger standing area, the load for each standing passenger (66 kg for Class I and Class A buses, and 69 kg for Class II buses) shall be evenly distributed in the corresponding standing area, with the center of gravity 875 mm above the floor; for double- deck buses with a passenger standing area, no load shall be applied to the standing area. There shall be no luggage in the vehicle's luggage rack or luggage compartment.

b) If the bus is designed to accommodate one or more wheelchairs, the wheelchair area shall be configured as follows: 1) For the area, as specified in A.8.4, reserved solely for wheelchair users, the combined mass of the wheelchair and its user shall be 250 kg, and the center of gravity shall be located 500 mm above the center floor of each wheelchair space; 2) For Class III and Class B vehicles, if seats are installed in this area, a load shall be applied to the seats according to the mass of seated passengers for the corresponding class; 3) For Class A, Class I, and Class II buses, if seats are installed in this area, a load shall be applied to the seats according to the mass of seated passengers for the corresponding class; and to the remaining area according to the mass of standing passengers; 4) For Class A, Class I and Class II buses, if there are no seats in the area, the load shall be applied based on the mass of standing passengers.

4.3.3 During the test, the height of the stop used to prevent the wheel from sliding to the side shall not exceed the greater of 2/3 of the distance between the tire contact plane and the rim before the vehicle rolls to the side and 60 mm.

4.3.4 Components that are not in contact under normal vehicle use shall not be damaged, displaced or come into contact with each other during the bus roll stability test.

4.4.1 Engine compartment

4.4.1.1 The engine compartment shall be equipped with measures such as oil drain holes to prevent the accumulation of fuel, lubricating oil and other flammable materials in the engine compartment.

4.4.1.2 Thermal insulation materials shall be installed between the engine compartment or other heat sources (such as retarders, heating devices other than hot water circulation heating devices) and other parts of the bus. Anchorages, clamps, washers, etc. used to connect thermal insulation materials shall be made of fire-resistant materials.

4.4.2 Fuel tank

4.4.2.1 For buses with a length greater than 7 m, the distance between the fuel tank filling port and the service door or emergency door shall be greater than or equal to 500 mm (for spark-ignition filling ports) or 250 mm (for compression-ignition filling ports). For buses with a length greater than 6 m, the distance between the fuel tank filling port and vent and any part of the exhaust pipe shall be no less than 300 mm.

4.4.2.2 The fuel tank filling port shall be accessible only from outside the vehicle. The fuel tank filling port located on the side of the bus shall not protrude from the adjacent vehicle body surface when closed. The fuel tank filling port cap shall not be opened accidentally.

4.4.2.3 No part of the fuel tank shall protrude beyond the overall width of the vehicle body.

4.4.2.4 The fuel tank shall be securely fixed and its mounting position shall be such that it is protected by the vehicle body structure in the event of a frontal or rear-end collision of the bus.

4.4.2.5 Any part of the liquid fuel tank shall be at least 600 mm from the front of the bus and at least 300 mm from the rear of the bus. For Class III buses with a rear-mounted engine, the front face of the liquid fuel tank shall be located behind the center line of the front axle.

4.4.2.6 The liquid fuel tank filling port shall not be located in a position where fuel may drip onto the engine or exhaust system when refueling.

4.4.2.7 The gas fuel cylinder shall be installed away from heat sources, and heat insulation measures shall be taken when necessary.

4.4.2.8 The distance between the gas fuel cylinders and the rear profile edge of the vehicle shall be greater than or equal to 200 mm, and the cylinders as well as their accessories shall be located behind the centerline of the front axle of the vehicle. The distance between the gas cylinder valve and the outer edge of the bus shall not be less than 200 mm. When LNG cylinders are installed longitudinally, the end with the cylinder valve and instruments shall face the rear of the vehicle. When LNG cylinders are installed under the vehicle frame, effective protective measures shall be provided below and at the rear of the cylinders. When LNG cylinders are installed behind the rear axle of the vehicle, effective protective measures shall be provided behind the cylinders.

4.4.3 Fuel supply system

4.4.3.1 Fuel supply system connections shall not pass through or be installed in the driver's compartment or passenger compartment.

4.4.3.2 Fuel pipes and other components of the fuel supply system shall be arranged reasonably and protected reliably.

4.4.3.3 Torsion, bending and vibration of the vehicle body structure or powertrain shall not subject the fuel lines to abnormal stress.

4.4.3.4 When rigid components of the fuel supply system are combined with flexible pipelines, it shall be ensured that there is no leakage under various operating conditions of the bus.

4.4.3.5 In the event of a fuel leak from any part of the liquid fuel supply system, the fuel shall flow smoothly to the ground and shall not drip onto the exhaust system or high-voltage electrical equipment.

4.4.3.6 The gas fuel supply system shall have effective safety protection measures to prevent gas leakage; each gas (liquid) cylinder outlet shall have a fuel flow limiting function to ensure that it can be automatically shut off in case of leakage, rupture, or breakage of the fuel supply pipeline behind it.

4.4.3.7 Gas-fueled vehicles shall be equipped with leak warning devices, and there shall be no gas leaks at any pipe joints.

4.4.4 Electrical equipment and wires

4.4.4.1 Wires shall have good insulation properties. Electrical equipment and wires shall withstand ambient temperature and humidity, as well as the temperature and various contaminants in the engine compartment. Wiring harnesses in the engine compartment and near other heat sources of the bus shall be made of flame-retardant wires with a temperature resistance of not less than 125 °C; wiring harnesses in other locations shall be made of flame-retardant wires with a temperature resistance of not less than 100 °C. Corrugated tubes for wiring harnesses shall meet the V-0 rating specified in Table 2 of GB/T 2408-2021.

4.4.4.2 The current in the conductor shall not exceed the allowable current at its limit operating mode and the highest ambient temperature.

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