GB 50174-2017Code for design of data centers (English PDF)

1.0.1 To standardize the design of the data center, ensure that the electronic

information system operates safely, stably and reliably, make the technology advanced, economically reasonable, safe and applicable, energy saving and environmental protection, it hereby formulates this code.

1.0.2 This code applies to the design of newly built, rebuilt, expanded data

centers.

1.0.3 The design of the data center shall follow the principle of coordination

between the recent construction scale and the long-term development plan.

1.0.4 In addition to complying with this code, the design of the data center shall

also comply with the relevant national standards.

2.1 Terms

2.1.1 Data center

A building site that provides an operating environment for a centralized electronic information equipment, which may be one or several buildings, or may be part of a building, including a computer room, an auxiliary area, a support area, an administrative area.

2.1.2 Computer room

A building space which is mainly used for the installation and operation of data processing equipment, including the server room, network room, storage room and other functional areas.

2.1.3 Auxiliary area

A place for installation, commissioning, maintenance, operation monitoring and management of electronic information equipment and software, including wire-incoming room, test equipment rooms, general control centers, fire and security control rooms, unpacking areas, spare parts warehouses, printing rooms, maintenance room and other areas.

2.1.10 Infrastructure

In this code, it refers to facilities that provide operational support for electronic information equipment in data centers.

2.1.11 Electronic information equipment

Equipment for collecting, processing, computing, storing, transmitting, retrieving electronic information, including servers, switches, storage devices, etc.

2.1.15 Electromagnetic interference (EMI)

A decrease in the performance of a device, equipment, or system caused by electromagnetic disturbances.

2.1.16 Electromagnetic shielding

The use of conductive material to reduce the penetration of the alternating electromagnetic field into the designated area.

2.1.17 Electromagnetic shielding enclosure

A building space which is specifically designed to attenuate and isolate the internal or external electric and magnetic fields.

2.1.18 Cut-off waveguide vent

A device which integrates the cut-off waveguide with the vent, which allows air to circulate and attenuate electromagnetic waves in a certain frequency range.

2.1.19 Modular electromagnetic shielding enclosure

An electromagnetic shielding enclosure which, according to the design requirements, has modular structures and is assembled at construction site by the pre-formed shielding enclosure modular plate, structural member, shielding components, etc.

3.1 Rating classification

3.1.1 Data centers shall be divided into three levels. A, B, C. During design, it

shall, based on the usage nature of the data center, the economic or social loss or impact due to the loss of data or the interruption of network, determine the level.

3.1.2 A data center that meets one of the following conditions shall be level A.

3.1.3 A data center that meets one of the following conditions shall be level B.

3.1.4 Data centers that are not level A or level B shall be Level C.

3.1.5 The business recovery data center established in the same city or in

different places should be designed at the same level as the primary data center.

3.1.6 The data center’s infrastructure components should be designed

according to the same level of technical requirements; or can be designed according to different levels of technical requirements. When the components are designed according to different levels, the level of the data center shall be determined according to the lowest level of the components.

3.2 Required features

3.2.1 The infrastructure of the level A data center shall be configured according

to the fault-tolerant system. During the operation of the electronic information system, the infrastructure shall ensure the normal operation of the electronic information system after an accident or maintenance or overhaul of the single-system equipment.

3.2.2 When the level A data center meets the following requirements at the

same time, the power supply of the electronic information equipment can be combined with the power supply mode of the uninterruptible power supply system and the mains power supply system.

3.2.3 When two or more data centers located in different areas are constructed

at the same time and are mutually backup, the data is transmitted in real time, the service meets the continuity requirements, the data center’s infrastructure can be configured according to the fault-tolerant system, or redundant system.

4.1 Site selection

4.1.1 Data center location shall be selected according to the following

requirements.

4.1.2 For the data center at a local area in the building, when determining the

location of the computer room, it shall conduct comprehensive analysis and economic comparison for such issues as safety, equipment transportation, pipeline laying, lightning induction, structural load, flooding, installation location of outdoor equipment of the air conditioning system.

4.2 Composition

4.2.1 The composition of the data center shall be determined according to the

operating characteristics of the system and the specific requirements of the equipment. It should be composed of the computer room, auxiliary area, support area, administrative area, other functional areas.

4.3 Equipment layout

4.3.1 All types of equipment in the data center shall be arranged according to

the process design. They shall meet the requirements of system operation, operation management, personnel operation and safety, equipment and material transportation, equipment heat dissipation, installation and maintenance.

4.3.2 The mutual standby equipment in the fault-tolerant system shall be

arranged in different physical compartments; the mutual standby pipelines should be laid along different paths.

4.3.3 When the equipment in the cabinet (rack) is the front air-incoming (rear

air-outgoing) cooling mode, meanwhile the cabinet structure does not use closed cold air channel or closed hot air channel, the cabinet (rack) should be arranged face to face, back to back..

4.3.4 The distance between the channel and the equipment in the computer

room shall meet the following requirements.

5.1 Temperature, dew point temperature and airborne particle

concentration

5.1.1 The temperature, dew point temperature and relative humidity in the

computer room and auxiliary area shall meet the requirements for the use of electronic information equipment.

5.1.2 The airborne particle concentration in the computer room shall be tested

under static or dynamic conditions. The number of suspended particles with a particle size greater than or equal to 0.5 µm per cubic meter of air shall be less

5.2 Noise, electromagnetic interference, vibration and static

electricity

5.2.1 In the enterprise command center, the noise value measured at the long-

term fixed working position shall be less than 60 dB(A).

5.2.3 Under the condition of electronic information equipment shutdown, the

vertical and horizontal vibration acceleration of the floor surface of the computer room shall not exceed 500 mm/s2.

5.2.4 The absolute value of the electrostatic voltage of the insulator in the

computer room and auxiliary area shall not be greater than 1 kV.

6.1 General requirements

6.1.1 The design of the building and structure shall be carried out in accordance

with the level of the data center in accordance with Appendix A of this Code.

6.1.2 The layout and building plane and space shall be flexible and shall meet

the process requirements of the data center.

6.1.7 The seismic fortification category of the data center shall not be lower than

category C. The seismic fortification category of the newly built Level A data center shall not be lower than category B.

6.1.8 The reconstructed data center shall be subjected to seismic identification

according to the load requirements, meanwhile it shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard “Standard for seismic appraisal of buildings” GB 50023.Buildings that require seismic strengthening after seismic identification shall be reinforced according to the current national standard “Code for design of strengthen concrete structure” GB 50367, “Technical specification for seismic strengthening of buildings” JGJ 116, “Technical specification for post-installed fastenings in concrete structures” JGJ 145.

When a building with a seismic fortification category of level C is reconstructed into a level A data center, the building may not be reinforced if use load meets requirements.

6.2 People flow and goods flow, entrances and exits

6.3 Retaining structure thermal design and energy saving measures

6.3.1 The building climate division of the data center and the thermal design of

retaining structure shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard “Design standard for energy efficiency of public buildings” GB 50189.

6.4 Interior design

6.4.1 The combustion performance of the materials used for interior decoration

design shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard “Code for fire prevention in design of interior decoration of buildings” GB 50222.

6.4.2 Interior decoration of the computer room shall use the materials with good

air tightness, no dust, easy to clean, meet environmental protection requirements, have small deformation under surface temperature and humidity, have surface static dissipative properties. It shall not use the material of strong hygroscopicity and the high polymer insulating material without surface modification treatment.

6.4.3 The decoration of the wall and ceiling of the computer room shall meet

the functional requirements. The surface shall be flat, smooth, dust-free, avoid glare, reduce the uneven surface.

6.4.4 The ground design of the computer room shall meet the functional

requirements. When laying the anti-static raised floor, the height of the raised floor shall be determined according to the cable wiring and air-conditioning requirements, and shall meet the following requirements.

6.4.5 The walls and ceiling surfaces of the technical interlayer shall be flat and

smooth. When using a lightweight construction ceiling as a technical interlayer, it should set up an access passage or access.

6.4.6 When water equipment is installed in the computer room, it shall take

measures to prevent water overflow and leakage.

6.4.7 The structure and construction joints of doors, windows, walls and floors

(grounds) shall use airtightness measures.

7.1 General requirements

7.1.1 The design of air conditioning system of the data center shall be

performed based on the level of the data center in accordance with Appendix A of this code. The design of the air conditioning system shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard “Design code for heating ventilation and air conditioning of civil buildings” GB 50736.

7.2 Thermal load calculation

7.3 Airflow management

7.4 System design

7.4.1 The level A data center which adopts the chilled water air-conditioning

system should be equipped with a cold storage facility.

7.4.2 The thermal insulation, noise-cancelling materials and adhesives for ducts

and pipes in data centers shall be made of non-combustible materials or flame-retardant level B1 materials. The cold surface shall be subject to gas-isolation and thermal insulation treatment.

7.4.3 When the air is supplied under the raised floor, the height of the floor shall

be determined according to the amount of air supplied.

7.4.4 The computer room shall maintain a positive pressure. The pressure

difference between the computer room and other rooms and corridors shall not be less than 5 Pa. The static pressure difference between the outdoor shall not be less than 10 Pa.

7.4.5 The fresh air volume of the air conditioning system shall be the maximum

of the following two.

7.5 Equipment selection

8.1 Power supply and distribution

8.1.1 The power load level and power supply requirements of the data center

shall be implemented in accordance with Appendix A of this code based on the level of the data center. It shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard “Code for design of electric power supply systems” GB 50052.

8.1.2 The power supply quality of the electronic information equipment shall be

performed based on the level of the data center, in accordance with Appendix A of this code. When the electronic information equipment is powered by a DC power supply, the power supply voltage shall meet the requirements of the electronic information equipment.

8.1.3 The power supply and distribution system shall reserve spare capacity for

the scalability of the electronic information system.

8.2 Lighting

8.2.1 The standard illumination value of general lighting in computer room and

auxiliary area shall be designed according to 300 lx ~ 500 lx. The general color rendering index should not be less than 80.The illumination standard value of support area and administrative area shall conform to the relevant provisions of the current national standard “Standard for lighting design of buildings” GB 50034.

8.3 Electrostatic discharge protection

8.3.1 The anti-static design of the data center shall comply with the relevant

provisions of the current national standard “Code for design of protection of electrostatic discharge in electronic engineering” GB 50611.

8.3.2 For the computer room and the auxiliary area where electronic information

equipment is installed, the floor or the ground shall have static discharge measures and grounding structure. The surface resistance or volume resistance of the anti-static floor and the ground shall be 2.5 x 104 ohm ~ 1.0 x 109 ohm, meanwhile it shall be fireproof, environmental protection, pollution resistance, wear resistance.

8.4 Lightning protection and grounding

8.4.1 The lightning protection and grounding design of the data center shall

meet the requirements for personal safety and the normal operation of the electronic information system. Meanwhile it shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standards “Design code for protection of structures against lightning” GB 50057 and “Technical code for protection of building electronic information system against lightning” GB 50343.

8.4.9 The neutral point grounding method of the 3 kV ~ 10 kV standby diesel

generator system shall be determined according to the common grounding method of power supply and the single-phase grounding capacitor’s current value of the line. When the common power supply uses a non-effective grounding system,

9.1 General requirements

9.1.1 For data centers involving state secrets or having confidentiality

requirements for business information, it shall provide an electromagnetic shielding enclosures or take other electromagnetic leakage protection measures.

9.1.2 For data centers whose electromagnetic environment requirements do

not meet the requirements of clause 5.2.2 of this code, it shall take electromagnetic shielding measures.

9.1.3 The structural form of the electromagnetic shielding enclosure and related

shielding parts shall be selected according to the performance index and scale of the electromagnetic shielding enclosure.

9.1.4 The data center with electromagnetic shielding enclosure shall have the

building structure to meet the load requirements of the shielding structure.

9.1.5 It shall reserve a maintenance passage or maintenance access between

the electromagnetic shielding enclosure and the building (structure) wall.

9.1.6 The housing of the electromagnetic shielding enclosure shall be insulated

from the ground. The grounding should be in the form of a common grounding device and a separate grounding line.

9.2 Shielding structure

9.2.1 For the electromagnetic shielding enclosures for security purposes, the

structure can be divided into modular and welded. Welded type can be further divided into self-supporting and direct-attaching type.

9.2.5 For the shielding room which has an electric field shielding attenuation

index greater than 25 dB and less than or equal to 60 dB, the structural form should adopt direct-attaching type; the shielding material can be selected from wire mesh. The mesh number of wire mesh shall be determined according to the wavelength of the shielded signal.

9.3 Shielding objects

9.3.1 For the shielding doors, filters, waveguides, cut-off waveguide vents and

other shielding object, the performance index shall not be lower than the performance requirements of the electromagnetic shielding enclosure. The installation position shall be easy to overhaul.

9.3.2 The shielding door should be a rotatory shielding door. When restricted

by site conditions, it may use mobile shielding doors.

9.3.3 All power cables entering the electromagnetic shielding enclosure shall

be processed by the power supply filter. The specifications, power supply mode and quantity of the power supply filter shall be determined according to the power consumption of the equipment in the electromagnetic shielding enclosure.

9.3.4 All signal cables entering the electromagnetic shielding enclosure shall be

handled by signal filters or other shielding measures.

9.3.5 The network cable entering or leaving the electromagnetic shielding

enclosure shall be optical cable or shielded cable. The optical cable shall not have a metal reinforcing core.