QC/T 1161-2022Technical specification for green-design product assessment - Automobiles (English PDF)

3.1 Green-design

the activity that, in accordance with the concept of the full life cycle, in the product design and development stage, systematically considers the impact of raw material selection, production, sales, use, recycling, disposal and other links on the resource environment, and strives to minimize resource consumption, uses as little or no raw materials containing toxic and harmful substances as possible to reduce the generation and discharge of pollutants, so as to achieve environmental protection

3.2 Green-design product

products that meet the green-design concept and assessment requirements

3.3 Life cycle

successive stages in a product system from the acquisition of raw materials from nature or from natural resources to final disposal

[Source: GB/T 24044-2008, 3.1]

3.4 Life cycle assessment

the compilation and assessment of the inputs, outputs and their potential environmental impacts during the life cycle of a product system

[Source: GB/T 24044-2008, 3.2]

3.5 Automobile life cycle assessment model

a mathematical model for life cycle assessment of automotive products developed based on life cycle assessment methods

3.6 Field data

product life cycle activity data obtained by means of direct quantitative measurement

[Source: GB/T 24044-2008, 3.5]

3.7 Background data

product lifecycle data obtained from sources other than direct measurement

[Source: GB/T 24044-2008, 3.6]

4.1 Assessment methods

Green-design products shall be assessed by a combination of indicator assessment and life cycle assessment. Green-design products shall meet the following three requirements at the same time:

- Manufacturers of green-design products shall meet the basic requirements in 5.1.

- Green-design products shall meet the assessment indicator requirements in 5.2.

- Carry out life cycle assessment of automotive products according to the method in Annex A. Write and provide product life cycle assessment report. The report shall meet the requirements of Chapter 6 of GB/T 32161-2018. See Annex B for an example of an automotive product lifecycle report.

A.1 Overview

Conduct vehicle life cycle assessment based on vehicle life cycle assessment standards, methods or models. The process of life cycle assessment shall include determination of purpose and scope, list analysis, impact assessment. The vehicle life cycle assessment model can be used for assessment.

A.2 Purpose and scope determination

A.2.1 Purpose

By assessing the environmental impact of the life cycle, it provides support for the improvement of automobile ecology and the improvement of the eco-friendliness of automobiles.

A.2.2 Functional unit

Transportation service provided by driving 1 km during the lifetime of a vehicle.

A.2.3 System boundaries

This document includes the acquisition of raw materials, vehicle production, and use of automobiles into the scope of accounting. It does not include carbon emissions from infrastructure such as roads and workshops, equipment in various processes, personnel in the factory area, and living facilities.

A.2.3.1 Raw material acquisition stage boundary

In the raw material acquisition stage, that is, the acquisition of resources and the production stage of materials, the system boundary includes processes such as resource extraction, processing and purification, and manufacturing. The following 22 material categories for parts listed in Table A.1 of this document: steel, cast iron, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, copper and copper alloy, PP, PA, PE, PVC, PU, glass, rubber, carbon black, refrigerant, lead, sulfuric acid, ternary material, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate, lithium cobaltate, graphite and lithium hexafluorophosphate. Other homogeneous materials whose mass ratio is higher than 50% of the parts and which do not belong to the above 22 materials shall also be included in the calculation scope. The system boundaries of material production and manufacturing are resource mining, processing and purification, and manufacturing processes.

A.3 List analysis

A.3.1 Overview

A list of all material/energy inputs and emissions within the system boundary shall be compiled as a basis for vehicle life cycle assessment.

A.3.2 Data collection

A.3.2.1 Overview

Data from the following stages shall be included in the data list:

a) The raw material acquisition stage, including the acquisition of resources and the production of materials.

b) The production phase, including the production of complete vehicles.

c) The use stage, including fuel production, fuel use, and tire replacement, lead-acid battery replacement, and refrigerant escape and replacement.

A.3.2.2 Field data collection

The data that shall be obtained directly from the enterprise are field data. Field data sources include:

a) Consumables list and list/stock changes.

b) Purchasing and sales department.

c) Product BOM.

A.3.2.3 Background data collection

Background data are not directly measured or calculated data. Background data may be industry average data. The source of the data used shall be clearly documented and included in the product life cycle assessment report.

A.3.2.4 Data allocation

A.3.2.4.1 There is a unit process in the production process of automobile products that produces two or more products at the same time. But the input raw materials and energy are not separated (for example, to increase the utilization rate of materials, the stamping process adopts the method of one die and multiple parts to produce products such as fenders, roof beams and door reinforcement plates at the same time). There will also be situations where there are multiple input channels and only one output (for example, there are various sources of wastewater in wastewater treatment workshops). In these cases, the data required for list calculations are not directly available. The data for these processes must be allocated according to certain relationships.

A.3.2.4.2 The list is based on a material balance of inputs and outputs. The allocation relationship needs to reflect the basic relationship and characteristics of this input and output. The main principles of allocation are as follows:

a) Processes common to other product systems shall be identified. Handled according to the allocation procedure.

b) The sum of inputs and outputs in a unit process must be equal before and after allocation.

c) If several allocation procedures are available, the allocation method used and the reasons for its selection shall be described.

d) Multiple output: Allocation is based on changes in resource consumption and pollutant emissions following changes in the products, functions, or economic relevance of the system under study (such as change to quantity allocation for some major parts or change to surface area allocation for some parts).

e) Multiple inputs: Allocation is based on actual relationships. For example, emissions from production processes are affected by changes in incoming waste streams.

A.3.2.4.3 Processing data allocation is generally carried out according to the following procedures:

a) Avoid or minimize occurrences of allocations as much as possible. For example:

(1) Further decompose the unit process that was originally divided when collecting data, so as to exclude those units that are not related to system functions.

(2) Expand the product system boundary to include some units that were originally excluded from the system.

b) Allocate them in a way that reflects their physical relationship, for example, the proportional relationship of product quality, quantity, volume, area and calorific value.

c) When the physical relationship cannot be determined or cannot be used as the basis for distribution, use its economic relationship for allocation, such as product output value or profit ratio relationship. But this method has high uncertainty. In general, the economic allocation method is not recommended.

A.3.2.5 Data calculation

Carbon emissions in the life cycle of vehicles shall be calculated according to formula (A.1). It can also be calculated according to the vehicle life cycle assessment model. Calculated results are rounded (rounded) to two decimal places:

B.1 Preparation basis

The vehicle life cycle assessment report shall be compiled according to the given life cycle assessment functional units, accounting scope, data and data quality requirements.

B.2 Report content framework

B.2.1 Basic information

The report shall provide basic information such as report information, applicant information, assessment object information, adopted standard information. Report information shall include report number, name of preparer, name of reviewer and date of issue. Applicant information shall include full company name, unified social credit code, address, contact name and contact information.

The main technical parameters and functions of the product shall be marked in the report, including vehicle model, sales model, registered trademark, time to market, energy type, fuel type, traction battery type, traction battery capacity and traction battery quality of automotive products.

B.2.2 Compliance assessment

The compliance with the basic requirements and assessment indicator requirements shall be provided in the report. Provide a description of the improvement in the reporting period compared to the base period for all assessment indicators.

B.2.3 Life cycle assessment

B.2.3.1 Assessment objects and tools

The report shall describe the assessed object, functional unit and product performance in detail. Make a list to state the material composition and technical parameters of the product. Draw and illustrate the system boundaries of the product.

Disclose the computational tools used, such as the vehicle life cycle assessment model.

B.2.3.2 Life cycle list analysis

The life cycle stage considered shall be provided in the report. Describe the list factors considered at each stage and field or background data collected. Where data allocation