GB 18320-2025Tri-wheel vehicles - Safety technical specification (English PDF)

3 Terms and definitions

4 Safety requirements

5 Information for use

6 Assessment of the safety requirements

Foreword

This document was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for standardization - Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents.

This document replaces GB 18320-2008 Tri-wheel vehicles and low-speed goods vehicles - Safety requirements and GB 24943-2010 Safety signs for tri-wheel vehicles and low-speed goods vehicles. This document is based mainly on GB 18320-2008 and incorporates the content of GB 24943-2010. Compared with GB 18320-2008, apart from structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows:

- the scope of the document has been changed (see Clause 1; Clause 1 of the 2008 edition);

- the list of hazards has been deleted (see Clause 3 of the 2008 edition);

- the general requirements for the complete vehicle have been changed (see 4.1; 4.1 of the 2008 edition);

- a requirement for the space behind the seats of tri-wheel vehicles with a one-and-a-half-row cab has been added (see 4.2.1.2);

- requirements for the dimensions of the co-driver seat of steering-wheel tri-wheel vehicles have been added (see 4.2.2.3);

- the requirement for the centre offset of the steering wheel (handlebar) has been changed (see 4.2.3.1; 4.2.3 of the 2008 edition);

- a requirement for the freedom of movement of all parts of the control mechanisms has been added (see 4.2.4.2);

- the safety requirements for low-speed goods vehicles and their determination have been deleted (see 4.2 to 4.7, 4.11, 4.12, 5.1 to 5.4, 6.4 to 6.6, 6.8 and 6.10 to 6.13 of the 2008 edition);

- the requirements for the access to and from the cab of tri-wheel vehicles with a fully enclosed cab have been changed (see 4.2.5.2; 4.2.5 of the 2008 edition);

- the requirements for the body, doors and windows have been changed, and requirements have been added that the body shall not show mirror-like reflection, that no structures increasing the external dimensions shall be fitted, and on the structure of the load-carrying part, etc. (see 4.2.6; 4.2.6 of the 2008 edition);

- a requirement for the roll stability angle of tank-type tri-wheel vehicles has been added (see 4.3);

- the maximum free rotation of the steering wheel of tri-wheel vehicles has been changed, and requirements for the torque withstood by the steering stop device, the appearance of the front shock absorbers, the steering column, etc. have been added (see 4.4.2; 4.4.2 of the 2008 edition);

- requirements for hydraulic braking systems and pneumatic braking systems have been added (see 4.4.3);

- requirements for tyre size, tyre tread, run-out of the wheel assembly, etc. have been added (see 4.4.4);

- requirements that gearboxes with an overdrive gear shall not be used, on the running stability of the propeller shaft, on speed limiting devices, etc. have been added, and the requirement for the operating force of the gear lever has been deleted (see 4.4.5);

- requirements for side-tipping dumping devices have been added (see 4.4.6.1);

- requirements for the vibration stability of lighting and signalling devices, for no external obstruction to be fitted, for the aiming of the headlamp beam, for the total luminous intensity of driving beams, for the photometric performance of signalling devices, for the fitting of retro-reflective markings, etc. have been added (see 4.5);

- requirements for the performance, mounting position and angle of rear-view mirrors have been added (see 4.6);

- a requirement for the routing of pipes has been added (see 4.7.1.1);

- the requirements for protective devices or shields against hot surfaces have been changed (see 4.8.1; 4.8 of the 2008 edition);

- requirements for the secure fastening of electrical wire connectors, the insulation of wires, the fitting of fuses, etc. have been added (see 4.9.2.2 to 4.9.2.4);

- a requirement that tri-wheel vehicles fitted with multi-cylinder diesel engines shall be equipped with a speedometer has been added (see 4.10.1);

- requirements for the manufacturing tolerances of dimensional parameters and mass parameters have been added (see 4.11);

- the requirements for the direction of the exhaust pipe outlet, the limits of smoke opacity under acceleration, the limits of exhaust pollutant emissions, etc. have been changed (see 4.13; 4.13 of the 2008 edition);

- a requirement for fuel consumption limits of tri-wheel vehicles fitted with diesel engines has been added (see 4.14);

- the requirements for the vehicle identification number of tri-wheel vehicles, the provision of the number plate mounting (bracket), etc. have been changed (see 5.1; 6.1 of the 2008 edition);

- the requirements for the preparation and printing of the operator's manual have been changed (see 5.4; 6.4 of the 2008 edition);

- measurement methods for the complete vehicle requirements have been added (see 6.1);

- a measurement method for the space behind the seats of tri-wheel vehicles with a one-and-a-half-row cab has been added (see 6.2.1);

- a measurement method for seat dimensions has been added (see 6.2.2);

- measurement methods for the offset of the steering wheel (handlebar) and its clearance from adjacent parts have been added (see 6.2.3);

- a measurement method for the clearance around manual controls has been added (see 6.2.4);

- a measurement method for the access to and from the driver's seat has been added (see 6.2.5);

- the measurement methods for the body, doors and windows have been changed (see 6.2.6; 5.2.6 of the 2008 edition);

- the measurement method for the axle load ratio of the steered wheels has been changed (see 6.3.2; 5.3.2 of the 2008 edition);

- the measurement methods for the maximum free rotation of the steering wheel and the maximum tangential force at the rim of the steering wheel have been changed, and a measurement method for the torque of the steering stop device has been added (see 6.4.2; 5.4.2 of the 2008 edition);

- a measurement method for the response time of the brake chambers of pneumatic braking systems has been added, and the measurement methods for service braking performance and parking braking performance in road tests have been changed (see 6.4.3);

- the measurement methods for the clutch and its operating force have been changed, and a measurement method for speed limiting devices has been added (see 6.4.5; 5.4.5 of the 2008 edition);

- test methods for the photometric performance of headlamps, direction indicator lamps, reversing lamps, retro-reflectors, etc. have been added (see 6.5);

- the measurement method for the actual maximum speed of tri-wheel vehicles has been changed, and a method for measuring speedometer error in road tests has been added (see 6.10; 5.10 of the 2008 edition);

- the measurement methods for the maximum permissible total mass and the external dimensions of tri-wheel vehicles have been changed (see 6.11; 5.11 of the 2008 edition);

- the measurement method for the free acceleration smoke opacity of tri-wheel vehicles has been changed (see 6.13; 5.13 of the 2008 edition);

- a measurement method for the fuel consumption of tri-wheel vehicles fitted with diesel engines has been added (see 6.14);

- measurement methods for the information for use have been added (see 6.15);

- normative requirements for safety signs for tri-wheel vehicles have been added (see Annex A);

- a method for measuring the braking response time of pneumatic systems has been added (Annex B).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.

This document was first published in 2001 and first revised in 2008; this is the second revision, in which the content of GB 24943-2010 Safety signs for tri-wheel vehicles and low-speed goods vehicles has been incorporated.