GB 11564-2024Retro-reflective devices and markings for motor vehicles (English PDF)

4.2.1 Retro-reflector

4.2.1.1 Structure The structure of the retro-reflector shall comply with the following requirements:

a) The retro-reflector has a stable structure and its constituent parts are not easy to disassemble;

b) The retro-reflecting optical units of the retro-reflector cannot be replaced, but for Class III A or Class III B retro-reflectors whose retro-reflective area is composed of independent retro-reflecting optical units, each independent retro-reflecting optical unit is allowed to be replaced with a Class I A retro-reflector;

c) The inner surface of the retro-reflecting optical unit cannot be in direct contact;

d) When it is composed of an optical unit and a color filter, the required color of the color filter shall not be obtained by painting.

4.2.1.2 Wear resistance of mirror back The mirror back of the retro-reflector is open or detachable, and the mirror back test of the retro-reflecting optical unit shall be carried out in accordance with the method specified in 5.11.2. After the test, the luminosity properties re-tested in accordance with the method specified in

5.3.5 shall not be lower than 60% of those before the test.

4.2.2 Material of retro-reflective marking

4.2.2.1 Retro-reflective sheeting for the markings of carriage 4.2.2.1.1 Markings The retro-reflective area of the white unit of Class A retro-reflective marking shall be marked with the manufacturer's logo and material grade, etc. by printing or molding; the retro-reflective area of Class B retro-reflective marking shall be marked with the manufacturer's logo, etc. by printing or molding; the distance between adjacent markings shall be no more than 500 mm. The applied markings shall be easily identifiable, and printed markings shall be on the inner surface of the facing. 4.2.2.1.2 Washdown resistance After carrying out the washdown resistance test in accordance with the method specified in 5.11.3, the retro-reflective sheeting for the markings of carriage shall not manifest damage, color falling-off, wrinkles, as well as edge warps and peeling off, etc. 4.2.2.1.3 Bending resistance After carrying out the bending resistance test in accordance with the method specified in 5.11.4, the retro-reflective sheeting for the markings of carriage shall not manifest any traces of cracks, peeling or interlayer detachment. force shall not be greater than 40 mm, and the displacement after the external force is removed shall not be greater than 5 mm. 4.2.3.3.2 Rear marking plate for heavy vehicles and long vehicles When conducting the robustness test in accordance with the method specified in 5.11.6.2, the displacement of the rear marking plate for heavy vehicles and long vehicles in the loaded state shall not be greater than 1/20 of the distance between two supports, and the displacement after the load is removed shall not be greater than 1/5 of the loaded state.

4.2.4 Triangles

4.2.4.1 Composition and structure The triangles shall be composed of retro-reflective area, bracket and protective device. Each constituent part shall comply with the following provisions:

a) Each constituent part is not easy to disassemble;

b) The fluorescent area and the reflective area of the retro-reflective area are concentric equilateral triangles, and the discontinuous area of the retro-reflecting optical unit is red;

c) When unfolded, the bracket can support the retro-reflective area at a certain height from the ground, the distance between the support surface and the bottom edge of the triangles is not greater than 300 mm, and the included angle between the axis of reference of the retro-reflective area and the ground plane is not greater than 5;

d) When folded and placed in the protective device, the retro-reflective area, bracket and movable components cannot be disassembled;

e) The protective device can prevent the triangles from being corroded.

4.2.4.2 Shape visibility When carrying out the shape visibility test in accordance with the method specified in 5.11.7, the shape of the triangles shall be clearly identifiable.

4.2.4.3 Ground clearance When carrying out the ground clearance test in accordance with the method specified in 5.11.8, there shall be a position where all the supporting legs of the triangles can simultaneously fall on the horizontal reference plane, and outside the area covered by the test equipment, the distance between the retro-reflective area of the triangles and their brackets (except the supporting legs) and the horizontal reference plane shall be no less than 50 mm.

4.2.4.4 Structural stability When carrying out the structural stability test in accordance with the method specified in 5.11.9, during the test, the displacement of the vertex of the triangles shall not be greater than 5 cm; after the test, the position of the vertex shall not be significantly different from the initial position.

4.2.4.5 Wind resistance stability When carrying out the wind resistance stability test in accordance with the method specified in 5.11.10, after the test, the triangles shall not tip over, the displacement of the supporting legs shall not be greater than 5 cm, and the rotation of the retro-reflective area around the horizontal or vertical axis shall not be greater than 10.

4.2.4.6 Wear resistance of mirror back For triangles that are accessible on the mirror back of the retro-reflecting optical unit, the mirror back test of the retro-reflecting optical unit shall be carried out in accordance with the method specified in 5.11.2. After the test, the luminosity properties re-tested in accordance with the method specified in

5.3.5 shall not be lower than 60% of those before the test.

4.3 Special Requirements for Materials

4.3.1 Weather resistance After the weather resistance test is carried out in accordance with the method specified in 5.12.1, there shall be no obvious cracks, scratches, dents, bubbles, wrinkles, erosion, peeling, powdering or deformation on the surface of the retro-reflective sheeting for the markings of carriage and the marking plate, and there shall be no shrinkage or expansion of more than 1 mm at the edge, nor shall there be debonding from the edge of the bottom plate. The retro-reflector for the markings of carriage shall not have cracks, deformation or powdering; for the luminosity properties re-tested in accordance with the method specified in 5.3.5, the retro-reflective sheeting for the markings of carriage shall not be less than 80% of the value specified in Table 5; the marking plate shall not be less than 80% of the value specified in Table 6; the retro- reflector for the markings of carriage shall not be less than 80% of the value specified in Table 3; the daytime color re-tested in accordance with the method specified in

5.4.2 shall comply with the requirements of 4.1.4.2. NOTE: when the results of the natural exposure test conflict with the results of the artificial climate accelerated aging test, the results of the natural exposure test shall prevail.

4.3.2 Adhesion properties When carrying out the adhesion properties test in accordance with the method specified in 5.12.2, the 180 peel strength of the backing adhesive of retro-reflective sheeting and fluorescent materials used to make the retro-reflective devices shall not be less than 25 N/50 mm.

4.3.3 Color fastness to light The triangle samples are 4 triangles provided by the manufacturer, at least 2 protective devices and 2 fluorescent materials samples used by the triangles. The dimensions of the fluorescent materials samples are 50 mm 150 mm.

5.1.2 Standard environment The temperature is 23 C 2 C and the relative humidity is (50 10)%.

5.1.3 Disposal of test samples Unless otherwise specified, before testing, test samples shall be placed in a standard environment for 24 hours.

5.2 Appearance, Shape, Dimensions and Color Inspection In an environment with illumination greater than 150 lx, visually inspect the samples and use a steel ruler with an accuracy of not less than 1 mm to measure the dimensions.

5.3.1 Coefficient of luminous intensity

5.3.1.1 Test equipment The test equipment shall comply with the requirements of Appendix C.

5.3.1.2 Test control Test control includes the following content:

a) The laboratory shall have good air-tight and dustproof measures;

b) The laboratory shall take measures to ensure that each photometer probe is not affected by reflected light from laboratory walls, floors and indoor objects;

c) Air flow disturbance in the test area shall not affect the test accuracy;

d) The temperature of the area where the test equipment and sensors are located shall be controlled at 23 C 5 C, unless the sensors are equipped with a constant- temperature control (or compensation) device;

e) The relative humidity of the test area shall not be higher than 80%;

f) In the state of preparing for measurement, the photometer indication caused by stray light in the dark room shall not be greater than

5.3.1.3 Sample installation and adjustment When installing the retro-reflective device sample, the reference center of the sample shall coincide with the rotation center of the rotation device. Under this condition, when the axis of reference of the sample coincides with the illumination axis, 1 = 2 = 0. For triangle samples, the plane with the illumination axis perpendicular to the lower side of the triangles is allowed to be 1 = 2 = 0; samples with an installation marking shall be installed with the installation marking at the upper end or with the installation marking pointing upward.

5.3.1.4 Test process 5.3.1.4.1 Retro-reflector The test of luminosity properties of the retro-reflector shall be carried out in accordance with the following requirements.

a) In accordance with the drawings and instructions provided by the manufacturer, determine the reference point, axis of reference and boundary of retro-reflective area of the test samples.

b) The test of luminosity properties of Class I retro-reflectors is only conducted on the retro-reflective area within a circle with a diameter of 200 mm, and the total area of the retro-reflective area within the circle is not greater than 100 cm2; the test of luminosity properties of Class III retro-reflectors and Class IV A retro-reflectors is conducted on the entire retro-reflective area.

c) Under the condition of 1 = 2 = 0, slightly rotate the sample to check whether there is specular reflection. If so, keep 2 unchanged at 0, and read 1 within the range of 5 ~ 5. Under the condition of eliminating specular reflection, take the maximum value of the coefficient of luminous intensity as the test result at this angle.

d) When testing a sample without installation marking under = 20, 1 = 2 = 0 or the angle conditions determined in c), rotate the sample around the axis of reference, so that the direction of the maximum value of the coefficient of luminous intensity is the direction of = 0; at other and angles, if the test result does not comply with the requirements of 4.1.3.1.1, is allowed to be adjusted within the range of 5 ~ 5.

5.3.3 Luminosity uniformity

5.3.3.1 Retro-reflector Use the test equipment that complies with the requirements of 5.3.1.1, set the entrance angle to rotate within the area bounded by 1 = 10, 2 = 0 and 1 = 5, 2 = 20, respectively visually observe whether there are any obvious sudden changes in bright and dark (except for specular reflection) in the retro-reflective area of the retro-reflector in the directions of = 20 and = 130. If there are obvious sudden changes in bright and dark, test the coefficient of luminous intensity of the angle, at which, the brightness of the retro-reflective area of the retro- reflector suddenly decreases, which shall not be less than the minimum limit within the test solid angle specified in Table 1.

5.3.3.2 Retro-reflective sheeting for the markings of carriage Randomly select 5 retro-reflective marking units, test the coefficient of retroreflection of the same color retro-reflective sheeting under the conditions of = 12, 1 = 0 and 2 = 4, and the same , and calculate the ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value of the coefficient of retroreflection.

5.3.3.3 Retro-reflector for the markings of carriage Use the test equipment specified in 5.3.1.1, set the entrance angle to 1 = 0, 2 = 5, set the sample surface illumination to 10 lx, and visually observe the retro-reflective area of the retro- reflector in the direction = 20.

5.3.3.4 Marking plate On the surface of the retro-reflective sheeting of the same color on the marking plate, randomly select 5 different areas with a distance of not less than 300 mm from each other, test the coefficient of retroreflection under the conditions of = 20, 1 = 0 and 2 = 5, and the same , and calculate the ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value of the coefficient of retroreflection.

5.3.3.5 Triangles Draw perpendicular lines from the three vertices of the hollow triangle of the triangle sample to the adjacent sides. Between two perpendiculars on each side, randomly select a retro- reflecting optical unit with a length of 50 mm. Under the conditions of = 20, 1 = 2 = 0, or 1 = 5 and 2 = 0, and = 20, 1 = 20 and 2 = 0, test the coefficient of luminous intensity, and calculate the ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value of the coefficient of luminous intensity under the same conditions.

5.3.4 Luminance factor When illuminated by the standard lighting D65 light source (color temperature 6,500 K) specified in

GB/T 3978-2008, under the geometric conditions of 45/0 or 0/45, in accordance with the method specified in

GB/T 3979, measure the tristimulus values of the ideal diffuse reflector and the sample, which are respectively Y0 and Y. Calculate the ratio of Y0 to Y, which is the luminance factor.

5.3.5 Re-test of luminosity properties

5.3.5.1 Retro-reflector In accordance with the method specified in 5.3.1.4.1, test the coefficient of luminous intensity under the conditions of = 20, 1 = 2 = 0.

5.3.5.2 Material of retro-reflective marking 5.3.5.2.1 Retro-reflective sheeting for the markings of carriage In accordance with the method specified in 5.3.2, test the coefficient of retroreflection under the conditions of = 12, 1 = 0 and 2 = 4. In accordance with 5.3.4, test the luminance factor. 5.3.5.2.2 Retro-reflector for the markings of carriage In accordance with the method specified in 5.3.1.4.2, test the coefficient of luminous intensity under the conditions of = 20, 1 = 0 and 2 = 5.

5.3.5.3 Marking plate In accordance with 5.3.2, test the coefficient of retroreflection of the retro-reflective sheeting under the conditions of = 20, 1 = 0 and 2 = 5. In accordance with 5.3.4, re-test the luminance factor of the retro-reflective sheeting and fluorescent materials. the standard environment for 24 hours. After the test, visually inspect the sample; in accordance with 5.3.5, re-test the luminosity properties.

5.5.3 Marking plate Immerse the sample with the retro-reflective area facing upward in water at 25 C 5 C, and the distance between the highest point of the retro-reflective area and the water surface is 20 mm 5 mm; after 24 hours, take it out and dry it in the standard environment for 24 hours. After the test, visually inspect the sample; in accordance with 5.3.5, re-test the luminosity properties.

5.5.4 Triangles

5.5.4.1 Anti-seepage test Immerse the sample in water at 50 C 5 C in accordance with the normal working conditions. The distance between the highest point of the retro-reflective area and the water surface is 20 mm 5 mm. After 10 minutes, take it out and immediately immerse it in water at 25 C 5 C for 10 minutes in the same mode. After the test, visually inspect the sample; dry the sample surface, then, in accordance with 5.3.5, re-test the luminosity properties.

5.5.4.2 Water immersion test Expand the retro-reflective area of the sample in accordance with the normal working conditions. Immerse it horizontally upward in water at 25 C 5 C for 2 hours. The distance between the retro-reflective area and the water surface is 50 mm 5 mm. The sample bracket does not need to be opened. After taking it out and drying it in the standard environment, visually inspect the sample; in accordance with 5.3.5, re-test the luminosity properties.

5.6.1 Dustproof test In accordance with the method specified in

GB/T 10485, carry out the test. During the test, for Class I B retro-reflector sample and Class III B retro-reflector sample, all drainage holes and openings shall be opened in accordance with the actual installation and protection conditions. After the test, use a dry cotton cloth to wipe the outer surface of the sample, and visually inspect the sample; in accordance with 5.3.5, re-test the luminosity properties.

5.6.2 Waterproof test In accordance with the method specified in

GB/T 10485, carry out the test. During the test, for Class I B retro-reflector sample and Class III B retro-reflector sample, all drainage holes and openings shall be opened in accordance with the actual installation and protection conditions. After the test, drain the sample for 1 hour, visually inspect the sample, use a dry cotton cloth to wipe the outer surface of the sample; in accordance with 5.3.5, re-test the luminosity properties.

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