GB 50072-2021Code for design of cold store (English PDF)

1.0.1 This standard is formulated, in order to standardize and integrate the

technical requirements for design of cold store, guide the design of cold store, meet food refrigeration technology and hygiene requirements, achieve the goals of economical and reasonable, energy-saving, environmentally friendly, safe and reliable.

1.0.2 This standard is applicable to the newly-built, expanded, reconstructed

food cold store, which adopts the subcritical vapor compression direct refrigeration systems using ammonia, halogenated hydrocarbons and their mixtures, carbon dioxide as refrigerants, AND the indirect refrigeration systems using carbon dioxide, brine, etc. as refrigerating medium.

1.0.3 The cold store design shall be safe and reliable, energy-saving, environmentally friendly, economically reasonable, advanced and applicable.

1.0.4 The cold store design shall not only meet the requirements of this

standard, BUT also meet the requirements of relevant national standards.

2.0.1 Cold store

Storage buildings, which adopt artificial refrigeration AND have cold insulation functions, including storehouse, refrigerating machine rooms, power distribution rooms, etc.

2.0.2 Assembly cold store

The cold store, which adopts light-weight composite sandwich panels, such as metal surface insulation sandwich panels, as thermal insulation and envelope structures, AND is assembled on-site.

2.0.4 High rack cold store

The rack cold store, which has a rack height of more than 7 m AND adopts mechanized or automated control.

2.0.5 Storehouse

The main body of the cold store building and its supporting stairwells, elevator rooms, anteroom, other auxiliary rooms.

2.0.6 Anteroom

The passages, which are set up for the entry and exit of goods in the cold storage room, ice storage room, chilling room. It is divided into the temperature-controlled anteroom, which has artificial refrigeration and temperature reduction, AND non-temperature controlled anteroom, which has no artificial refrigeration and cooling.

2.0.9 Chilling room

The room, where the product is cooled.

2.0.10 Freezing room

The room, where the product is frozen.

2.0.11 Cold storage room

A room, which is used to store cold processed products.

2.0.12 Chilled food storage room

A room, which is used to store goods, at a temperature higher than freezing point AND lower than normal temperature.

3.0.1 The design scale of the cold store shall be calculated, based on the

nominal volume of the cold storage room or ice storage room. Those which has a nominal volume greater than 20000 m3 shall be large-scale cold store. Those which has a nominal volume of 5000 m3 ~ 20000 m3 shall be medium-sized cold store.

3.0.2 The calculated capacity of the cold store, for directly stacking cold storage

items, can be calculated as follows.

3.0.7 The design temperature and relative humidity of the cold room shall be

determined, according to the cold storage process requirements of various foods.

3.0.9 The minimum spacing, between rooms using ammonia refrigeration

system, ammonia refrigeration equipment and pipes installed outdoors and civil buildings outside the plant area, shall not be less than 150 m.

4.1 Site selection and general layout

4.1.1 The site selection of the cold store shall meet the following requirements.

4.1.2 The general layout of the cold store shall meet the following requirements.

4.1.3 The general layout of the cold store shall be a combination of short-term

and long-term, focusing on the short-term. Resources such as storehouse land, railway dedicated lines, water transport wharf, equipment pipelines, roads, carriage return yards, shall be planned as a whole, reasonably arranged, taking into account the needs of future expansion.

4.1.4 The vertical design of the general plan of the cold store shall meet the

following requirements.

4.1.5 The main roads in the storehouse area shall be paved with concrete or

asphalt pavements, which are suitable for vehicles.

4.1.8 When the storehouse covers an area larger than 1500 m2, fire lanes shall

be set, at least along the two long sides of the storehouse.

4.2.3 The partition wall, between the cold storage room and the anteroom or

closed platform, shall be a fire partition wall. The fire resistance rating of the fire partition wall shall not be less than 3.00 h.

4.2.4 When the assembly cold store is not equipped with the fire partition

wall, which is specified in clause 4.2.3 of this standard, the fire resistance grade, number of layers, area shall meet the requirements of Table 4.2.4.

4.6 Refrigerating machine room, electric substation and

control room

4.6.1 The refrigerating machine room, electric substation and control room shall

meet the following requirements.

4.6.2 In addition to the requirements of clause 4.6.1 of this standard, the

ammonia refrigerating machine room shall also meet the following requirements.

4.6.3 The ammonia refrigerating machine room shall have at least one long side

of the building, which is not adjacent to other buildings. It shall have external doors and windows, which can meet natural ventilation.

5.1 General requirements

5.1.1 The cold room should adopt a reinforced concrete structure or a steel

structure. When it is a small cold room, the cold room may also adopt a masonry structure.

5.1.2 The design service life and safety grade of the cold store's structure shall

comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Unified standard reliability design of building structures" GB 50068.

5.1.5 When a reinforced concrete structure is adopted for the cold room, the

maximum spacing between expansion joints should not be greater than 50 m.

Where there is sufficient basis or reliable measures, the maximum spacing of expansion joints can be appropriately increased.

5.1.7 When the cold room's attic roof adopts cast-in-place reinforced concrete

floor AND the distance, between the center lines of the opposite side columns, is greater than or equal to 30 m, the top of the side column and the roof beam should be hinged.

5.3.8 The load-bearing wall brick masonry of rooms, which is not higher than

0 °C, such as frozen food storage room, freezing room, ice storage room, shall use the sintered ordinary bricks, which have a strength grade of not lower than MU20.

5.4 Protection and coating

6.1 General requirements

6.2 Load calculation

6.2.1 The load calculation shall include the cooling equipment load of the cold

room AND the mechanical load of the refrigeration system. It should adopt the steady-state calculation method, which is corrected hourly or by engineering factors.

6.2.4 The heat flow calculation of the cold room's envelope structure shall meet

the following requirements.

6.2.5 The heat flow of goods, in the cold room, shall include the heat flow of

food, the heat flow of food packaging materials and transport vehicles, the heat flow of breathing when food is cooled, the heat flow of breathing when food is refrigerated. The calculation shall meet the following requirements.

6.5 Refrigeration piping

6.5.1 The design of the refrigeration piping system shall comply with the

relevant requirements of the current national standards "Design code for industrial metallic piping" GB 50316, "Pressure piping code - Industrial piping"

GB/T 20801, "Pressure pipe safety technology supervision regulation for industrial pressure pipe" TSG D0001.

7.1 Electric power supply

7.1.1 The cold store, which will cause greater economic losses, if the power

supply is interrupted, shall be powered by the grade 2 load. The cold store, which will not cause greater economic losses, if the power supply is interrupted, can be powered by the grade 3 load. The cold store for national reserve shall be powered by according to the grade 2 load.

7.2 Refrigerating machine room

7.2.1 A control room shall be set up, in the ammonia refrigerating machine room.

Refrigeration compressor units, refrigerant pumps, condenser water pumps and fans, other refrigeration equipment control boxes (cabinets), machine room's exhaust fan control boxes (cabinets), machine room lighting distribution box, refrigerant leakage indication alarm equipment, shall not be arranged in the ammonia refrigerating machine room. They should be centrally arranged in the control room of the refrigerating machine room.

7.3 Storehouse

7.3.1 The power and lighting distribution and control equipment, in the cold

room, should be arranged in a ventilated and dry place, outside the cold room.

7.3.2 The lighting fixtures, in the cold room, shall be energy-saving lighting

fixtures, which meet the food hygiene and safety requirements and the environmental conditions, of the cold room AND can be quickly lit.

8.1 General requirements

8.1.1 When the water supply and drainage pipes pass through the thermal

insulation layer of the cold room, measures shall be taken to prevent cold bridges. The length of the thermal insulation of the pipes, for prevention of cold bridges, inside and outside the insulation layer, should not be less than 1.5 m.

8.2 Water supply

8.2.1 The water source of the cold store shall be nearby urban tap water, groundwater or surface water.

8.2.2 The quality of domestic water for cold store, ice-making raw material water, water added during freezing of aquatic products, shall comply with the relevant requirements of the current national standard "Standards for drinking water quality" GB 5749.

8.2.5 The water temperature of the refrigeration process equipment, in the cold

store, shall be determined, according to the process. Meanwhile it shall meet the following requirements.

8.3 Drainage

8.3.1 There should be drainage facilities, on the floor of cold store's anteroom, refrigerating machine rooms and equipment rooms, chilling rooms with a design temperature of not less than 0 °C. When floor drain is used for drainage, the height of the floor drain's water seal shall not be less than 50 mm. Elevator shafts, ground pound pits and other places, which are easy to accumulate water, shall have drainage and backflow-prevention facilities.

8.3.7 The slope and fullness of the frost flushing (thawing) drainage pipeline

shall comply with the relevant requirements of the current national standard "Standard for design of building water supply and drainage" GB 50015.

8.3.8 The drainage pipe of the cold store's frost flushing water system shall

adopt a metal drain pipe.

8.4.6 The design of the automatic fire extinguishing system, for cold store, shall

meet the following requirements.

9.1 General requirements

9.1.1 The heat source of the heating system shall be determined, by technical

and economic analysis, based on energy conditions, energy prices, energy saving, environmental protection requirements. Meanwhile it shall meet the following requirements.

9.1.2 The cold source of the low-temperature air-conditioning system is

determined, by comprehensive analysis, according to the meteorological conditions and the characteristics of the refrigeration process system.

9.2 Heating and air-conditioning

9.3 Ventilating

9.3.1 The ventilation design of the refrigerating machine room shall meet the

following requirements.

9.4 Floor anti-freezing

9.4.1 The anti-freezing method of the cold room's floor shall be reasonably

selected, according to the requirements of storehouse layout, project cost, operation energy consumption, maintenance and management, etc., after a technical and economic comparison.

9.5 Smoke control

9.5.1 Smoke exhaust facilities shall be provided, for anterooms and closed

platforms, which have a building area greater than or equal to 300 m2.The smoke control facilities of anteroom, closed platforms, stairwells, auxiliary rooms, shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Technical standard for smoke management systems in buildings" GB 51251.