GB/T 8814-2026Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) profiles for the doors and windows (English PDF)

1 Scope

This document specifies the materials, the classification, grading and designation, the requirements, the inspection rules and the marking, packing, transport and storage of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) profiles for doors and windows, and describes the test methods.

It applies to the production, the inspection and the sale of profiles for doors and windows made mainly of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride.

2 Normative references

The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable provisions of this document through normative reference in the text. For dated references, only the edition corresponding to that date applies. For undated references, the latest edition, including all amendments, applies.

GB/T 250 Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Grey scale for assessing change in colour · GB/T 1033.1 Plastics - Determination of the density of non-cellular plastics - Part 1: Immersion method, liquid pycnometer method and titration method · GB/T 1040.2 Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics · GB/T 1043.1 Plastics - Determination of Charpy impact properties - Part 1: Non-instrumented impact test · GB/T 1633 Plastics - Thermoplastic materials - Determination of Vicat softening temperature (VST) · GB/T 1766-2008 Paints and varnishes - Rating schemes of degradation of coats · GB/T 2828.1 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection · GB/T 6739 Paints and varnishes - Determination of film hardness by pencil test · GB/T 7122 Determination of peel strength of high strength adhesive bond - Floating roller method · GB/T 8484-2020 Test method of thermal insulating properties for building external windows and doors · GB/T 9286 Paints and varnishes - Cross-cut test · GB/T 9341 Plastics - Determination of flexural properties · GB/T 11186 Methods for measuring the colour of paint films · GB/T 12000 Plastics - Determination of the effects of exposure to damp heat, water spray and salt mist · GB/T 16422.2-2022 Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps · GB/T 33284 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limit of harmful substances of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) profiles for windows and doors · JG/T 176 Functional and structural dimensions of plastic windows, doors and profiles · JG/T 451 Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride compound for building plastic window and door profiles · QB/T 5080 Special coloured co-extrusion compound for unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) profiles - Technical requirements

3 Terms and definitions

profile: product of a particular cross-sectional shape produced by extrusion.

homogenous profile: profile whose material is uniform throughout.

white profile: profile whose colour lies within L* not less than 82, a* from -2.5 to 5 and b* from -5 to 15 in the CIE 1976 (L*a*b*) colour space.

profile laminated with foil: profile decorated, and its surface properties changed, by laminating a film onto it.

co-extruded profile: profile decorated, and its surface properties changed, by co-extruding a polymer material.

coating profile: profile decorated, and its surface properties changed, by applying a coating.

main profile: frame, sash (other than the insect screen sash) and mullion profile.

auxiliary profile: profile other than a main profile.

sight surface: surface of the profile that can be seen at eye level when the installed door or window is closed.

decorative surface: surface of the profile that has been laminated, co-extruded or coated.

special decorative surface: decoration made up of more than one colour, of a surface that is not flat, or the like.

decorative profile: profile having a decorative surface.

base profile: body of the profile other than the decorative surface.

depth of a profile, D: greatest distance measured between the two sight surfaces along the X axis of the cross-section of the profile.

overall width of a profile, W: greatest dimension of the structure measured along the Y axis of the cross-section of the profile.

4 Materials

The base material of the profile shall meet JG/T 451, its Vicat softening temperature (VST) being not less than 78 degrees Celsius.

A suitable proportion of the reclaimed material generated by the enterprise itself is permitted as base material.

The special coloured co-extrusion compound of co-extruded profiles shall meet QB/T 5080.

5 Classification, grading and designation

By colour and process, profiles are divided into homogenous profiles - white (BT) and non-white (FBT) - and decorative profiles - laminated with foil (FM), co-extruded (GJ) and coated (TZ). A profile with a white decorative surface is classified by its process.

By the wall thickness of the main profile, profiles are divided into classes AA, A and B.

By the falling-weight impact of the main profile they are graded I, II and III; by ageing time M, S and SS; and by the thermal insulation of the main profile 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.

Designation of the main profile, by examples: a white homogenous profile with a sight-surface wall thickness of 2.5 mm, a drop height of 1 000 mm at -10 degrees Celsius, an ageing time of 4 000 h and a heat transfer coefficient of 1.8 W/(m2·K) is designated BT-B-I-M-1; a co-extruded profile with a wall thickness of 2.8 mm, a drop height of 1 500 mm at -20 degrees Celsius, an ageing time of 6 000 h and a heat transfer coefficient of 1.3 W/(m2·K) is designated GJ-A-III-S-3; and a profile co-extruded on one face and laminated on the other, with a wall thickness of 2.5 mm, a drop height of 1 500 mm at -10 degrees Celsius, an ageing time of 6 000 h and a heat transfer coefficient of 0.82 W/(m2·K) is designated GJ/FM-B-II-S-4.

6 Requirements

Appearance: the colour of the sight surfaces shall be uniform and the surface smooth and flat, free of marked unevenness and of foreign matter; the ends shall be clean and free of burrs. Faint shrinkage marks caused by the process are permitted. Decorative profiles shall also meet Table 2: on FM profiles the film shall cover completely and lie flat, free of bubbles and overhanging edges; on GJ profiles the co-extruded face shall not show the substrate; and on TZ profiles the coated face shall be free of bubbles, pinholes, cracks, runs, exposed substrate, foreign matter and wrinkling. The appearance requirements for special decorative profiles may be agreed between customer and manufacturer.

Dimensions and deviations: the deviation is plus or minus 0.3 mm on the depth D and plus or minus 0.5 mm on the overall width W; the functional and structural dimensions and their deviations shall meet JG/T 176.

Minimum wall thickness of the main profile (Table 4): class AA, not less than 3.0 mm on the sight surface and 2.8 mm elsewhere; class A, 2.8 mm and 2.5 mm; class B, 2.5 mm and 2.2 mm. For GJ and TZ profiles the wall thickness includes the decorative surface; for FM profiles it excludes the film and the adhesive layer.

Thickness of the decorative surface: the film of an FM profile shall be not less than 0.160 mm; the dry film on the sight surface of a TZ profile not less than 0.025 mm; and the co-extruded layer of a GJ profile not less than 0.10 mm.

Straightness: the deviation over a 1 m length shall be not more than 1 mm for main profiles and not more than 3 mm for auxiliary profiles. The mass per metre of the main profile shall be not less than 95 % of the nominal mass.

Dimensional change after heating: not more than 2.0 % on the two opposite largest sight surfaces of the main profile, the difference between the two sight surfaces of one specimen being not more than 0.4 %; not more than 3.0 % for auxiliary profiles. After heating, the surface shall be free of bubbles, cracks and pitting, and on decorative profiles there shall be no delamination or blistering between the layers or between layer and substrate, and no peeling or blistering of the coating.

Falling-weight impact of the main profile (Table 6): with a 1 000 g weight, grade I is a drop of 1 000 mm at -10 degrees Celsius, grade II a drop of 1 500 mm at -10 degrees Celsius and grade III a drop of 1 500 mm at -20 degrees Celsius; not more than one specimen shall crack on the sight surface. Where the mean temperature of the coldest month is below -10 degrees Celsius, grade II or III should be chosen in the design. On the decorative sight surface of a decorative profile, whether or not the decorative surface cracks, the film, co-extruded or coated layer shall not delaminate from the substrate.

Properties of the base material: the density shall be not more than 1 480 kg/m3; the Vicat softening temperature not less than 78 degrees Celsius; the tensile stress at yield not less than 37 MPa and the nominal tensile strain at break not less than 100 %; and the flexural modulus not less than 2 200 MPa.

Decorative layers: the peel strength between the film and the substrate of an FM profile shall be not less than 2.5 N/mm; the pencil hardness of a TZ coating not less than H and its cross-cut adhesion to the substrate class 0; and on a GJ profile the co-extruded face shall not crack and the co-extruded layer shall not delaminate or peel from the substrate under environmental stress cracking.

Xenon-arc ageing: the colour change of the sight surface, measured every 1 000 h up to the ageing time of Table 7, shall give a delta-E* of not more than 5 and a modulus of delta-b* of not more than 3 for BT profiles and for white decorative and non-decorative surfaces. After ageing, the retained Charpy (double-notch) impact strength shall be not less than 70 % with no separation of the decorative layer from the substrate; the peel strength of an FM film not less than 2.0 N/mm; the chalking of a TZ coating not worse than grade 2 and its cross-cut adhesion class 0. The appearance after ageing shall meet Table 8, with no delamination, bulging or blistering on FM, no separation on GJ, no peeling or blistering on TZ and no bubbles or pitting on FBT.

Damp-heat ageing, new in this edition: the peel strength after damp-heat ageing shall be not less than 1.5 N/mm.

Weldability of the main profile: the mean compressive bending stress of the welded corner shall be not less than 35 MPa and the minimum not less than 30 MPa, and the failure load of the corner not less than 2 000 N. The short-term welding factor shall be not less than 0.8 on non-decorative surfaces and not less than 0.7 on decorative surfaces.

Heat transfer coefficient of the main profile (Table 9): grade 1, not more than 2.0 W/(m2·K); grade 2, 1.6; grade 3, 1.3; grade 4, 1.0; grade 5, 0.8.

Harmful substances: the limits shall meet GB/T 33284.

7 Test methods

Conditioning and test environment: conditioning and testing are carried out at 23 degrees Celsius plus or minus 2 and 50 % relative humidity plus or minus 10; the conditioning time is not less than 1 h for the appearance, dimension and deviation tests and not less than 24 h for the others.

Appearance is assessed visually at 0.5 m in daylight or under an equivalent artificial source.

Dimensions: the overall and functional structural dimensions and the wall thickness are measured with a vernier caliper reading to 0.05 mm or better, three points each, the smallest value being taken for the wall thickness; the measurement avoids the functional structural zones and is made more than 1 mm from the junction of different zones. For FM profiles the film and adhesive thickness is deducted. The thickness of the laminated, co-extruded and coated layers is measured with a reading microscope of 0.001 mm or better, one specimen being cut from each of three profiles, three points measured on each and the average calculated, the result being the smallest of the three.

The clause goes on to give the methods for straightness, mass, dimensional change after heating, state after heating, falling-weight impact, density, Vicat softening temperature, tensile properties, flexural modulus, peel strength, coating hardness and adhesion, environmental stress cracking, xenon-arc ageing, damp-heat ageing, weldability and harmful substances.

Short-term welding factor: the tensile test follows GB/T 1040.2 at a rate of 50 mm/min plus or minus 5 for non-decorative surfaces and 5 mm/min plus or minus 1 for decorative surfaces; the factor is calculated by formula (3) as Fz = Fv / Fb, where Fv is the mean load at tensile break of the welded specimen and Fb that of the unwelded specimen, both in newtons; where the specimen yields before breaking, the yield load is used.

Heat transfer coefficient: main profiles without reinforcing steel are tested according to Annex F of GB/T 8484-2020, the frame, mullion and sash profiles being tested separately. The harmful substances are tested according to GB/T 33284.

8 Inspection rules

Inspection is divided into works inspection and type inspection. Works inspection is by lot and covers 6.1 to 6.7, 6.13, 6.14 and 6.17.1.

Type inspection covers everything required by this document. Apart from ageing, the heat transfer coefficient of the main profile and the harmful substances, it is normally carried out once a year; ageing and harmful substances are inspected once every three years, and the heat transfer coefficient once when the product goes into series production. Type inspection is also carried out on the trial production and approval of a new product or of an established product transferred to another works; after series production has begun, where the raw material, the formulation or the process has changed appreciably in a way that may affect performance; when production resumes after a long stoppage; and when the works inspection result differs appreciably from the last type inspection.

Lots and sampling: a lot is made up of products of the same raw material, process, formulation and cross-sectional geometry, and shall not exceed 50 t; where seven consecutive days of production amount to less than 50 t, the seven days' production forms one lot. Appearance and dimensions are sampled according to GB/T 2828.1 under a normal single sampling plan at general inspection level I with an acceptance quality limit of 6.5, following Table 10 - for example a lot of not more than 90 pieces gives a sample of 5 with an acceptance number of 0 and a rejection number of 1, and a lot of 10 001 to 35 000 pieces a sample of 125 with an acceptance number of 14 and a rejection number of 15. The other properties are tested on samples taken at random from those that have passed the appearance and dimension inspection.

Decision rules: appearance and dimensions are judged by Table 10. Where the result for ageing, for the heat transfer coefficient of the main profile or for the harmful substances does not conform, the item is judged non-conforming outright. For the other items a double sample is taken at random from the same lot and retested; where the retest conforms in every respect the item conforms, and where it still does not the item is non-conforming. A lot conforms where every item conforms; where one item does not, the lot is judged non-conforming.

9 Marking

The sight surface of the main profile shall carry a protective film bearing at least the number of this document, the name of the manufacturer, the address of the works and a telephone number.

The profile shall be despatched with a certificate of conformity bearing at least the model, the colour, the mass per metre, the I value and the e value of the main profile and the date of production.

The main profile shall carry, along its length on a non-sight surface and at intervals of not more than 1 m, at least one set of permanent markings giving the date of production, the number of this document and the designation of 5.3. Where permanent marking is not possible, a label bearing the same information shall be attached to every bundle.

10 Packing, transport and storage

Profiles shall be packed in plastic film or another material.

During transport they shall be covered with a tarpaulin against light, kept from heavy loads and handled gently.

They shall be stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse out of direct sunlight, stacked flat to a height of not more than 1 m; storage on racks is recommended so that whole racks can be moved and frequent handling, which causes scuffing, is avoided. The storage period should not normally exceed two years.

A Annex A (informative) Colour deviation of the profiles

The annex gives information on the colour deviation of the profiles. For BT profiles and for the white decorative and non-decorative surfaces of decorative profiles, the modulus of delta-L* is not more than 1.0, of delta-a* not more than 0.5 and of delta-b* not more than 1.0.