GB/T 3291.3-1997Textiles--Terms of textile material properties and test--Part 3:General (English PDF)

2.1 Inspection

The activities that measure, inspect and test one or more characteristics of the product; and compare the results with specified requirements for the purpose of determining the conformity of each characteristic.

2.2 Grade

The classification or sequencing of products with the same functional purpose but different quality requirements.

2.3 Requirements for quality

The expression of specified quantitative and qualitative requirements that need or to be needed transforming into a set of characteristics of the entity; so that it can be realized and evaluated.

2.4 Conforming unit

Products that meet all requirements.

2.5 Lot

According to different purposes, the unit of counting that is divided by product raw materials, production technology, etc.

2.6 Lot sample

One or more packaging units that are randomly selected from a batch of products in […]

2.17 Instrumental error

The intrinsic error of the test instrument.

2.18 Personal error

The error that is caused by subjective factors and operating techniques of the measuring staffs.

2.19 Environmental error

The error that is caused by the inconsistency between the actual environmental conditions and the specified conditions.

2.20 Error of method

The error that is caused by imperfect measurement method.

2.21 Absolute error

The difference between the measurement result and the measured (conventional) true value.

2.22 Relative error

The ratio of the absolute error of the measurement to the measured (conventional) true value.

2.23 Correction

In order to eliminate or reduce the systematic error, the value that is added to the actually-measured result by algebra.

2.24 Correction factor

In order to eliminate or reduce the systematic error, the numerical factor that is multiplied by the actually-measured result.

2.25 Arithmetic mean

The quotient that is obtained through dividing an algebraic sum of n measured values to be measured by n.

2.26 Weighted arithmetic mean; Lp

For multiple measurements to be measured, the quotient that is obtained through DIVIDING the sum of the product of the arithmetic mean (L1, L2,... Ln) of each group of measured values and the corresponding "weight" (p1, p2,... pn) BY the sum of "weight".

A treatment to make the sample or specimen reach a lower moisture regain before conditioning in the standard atmosphere for the test.

2.34 Conditioning

A treatment in which the sample or specimen is placed in the test standard atmosphere for a certain period of time to reach moisture equilibrium.

2.35 Standard atmosphere for preconditioning

The relative humidity and temperature that are specified by the preconditioning treatment of the material.

2.36 Standard atmosphere for testing

The relative humidity and temperature that are specified in the textile test.

2.37 Moisture equilibrium

The state in which the moisture absorption and moisture release of textile materials reach a balance, and the change of its quality tends to zero.

2.38 Moisture content

The percentage ratio of the mass of any form of water in the textile material that is measured by the prescribed method to the mass of the measured moisture-containing material.

2.39 Moisture regain

The percentage ratio of the mass of any form of water in the textile material that is measured according to the prescribed method to the dry mass of the measured material.

2.40 Moisture and extractable component

The percentage ratio of the mass of any form of water and extractables in the textile material that is measured by the prescribed method to the mass of the material after extraction and drying.

2.41 Moisture regain in the standard atmosphere

After the textile material is preconditioned, the moisture regain when it reaches the moisture equilibrium in the standard atmosphere.

2.42 Conventional moisture regain

The conventional value of the moisture regain of the textile material.

2.52 Liquid wicking rate

A measurement of the capillary effect of a test material, which characterizes the speed of liquid transfer to the fabric.

2.53 Color fastness

In processing and use, the color of textiles can withstand various effects. It is expressed by the degree of discoloration of the textiles and the degree of staining of the adjacent fabric.

2.54 Change in color

A single or comprehensive change in the brightness, chroma or hue of a textile color.

2.55 Staining

The dye in the bath liquid is absorbed into the adjacent fabric or the dye on the specimen is transferred to the adjacent fabric.

2.56 Photochromism

A phenomenon that the colored textiles is restored the color after a short-time exposure and discoloration, then being placed in a dark place. Namely, the reversible discoloration that is produced by light.

2.57 Sublimation

A phenomenon in which dyes on colored textiles are directly transformed into gaseous state by heating.

2.58 Yellowing

A phenomenon that the textiles turn yellow under the action of physics and chemistry.

2.59 Aging

A phenomenon that the textile materials are subjected to environmental conditions, such as light, heat, air, etc., to damage their chemical structure and decrease their physical and mechanical properties.

2.60 Color difference

The color difference between textiles or between textiles and standard scales.

2.61 Composite specimen

In the textile color fastness test, a specimen that consists of a specimen and one or two adjacent fabrics for staining test. percentage ratio.

2.72 pH

A measurement of the pH of a solution. A value of 7 means the solution is neutral; below 7 means acidic; and above 7 means alkaline.

2.73 Aqueous extract

The solution that is obtained by immersing the specimen by water or other liquid, and after dissolving the soluble substance in the specimen.

2.74 Acid content

The number of millimoles of acid that is contained in a unit mass specimen measured under specified conditions.

2.75 Washing

The process of washing textiles by water. This process includes all or part of the operations of dipping, pre-washing, conventional washing, rinsing and dehydration.

2.76 Chlorine-based bleaching

The process of using chlorine bleach in an aqueous solution to increase the whiteness of textiles before, during or after washing.

2.77 Ironing and pressing

The process of forming a certain shape and appearance of textile products by heating and pressing.

2.78 Dry-cleaning

The process of cleaning textile products by organic solvents. The process includes decontamination, rinsing, de-liquoring and drying.

2.79 Hand washing

Domestic washing is done in a gentle way without using machines or scrubbing devices.

2.80 Commercial laundering

The process of washing, bleaching, drying, ironing and pressing textiles by non-domestic device.

2.81 Domestic laundering

On the stress-strain curve of an elastic material, the ratio of the increase in stress to the increase in strain in the elastic region of the material.

2.92 Chord modulus (secant modulus)

The ratio of the stress difference to the strain difference between two points specified on the stress-strain curve of the material.

2.93 Immediate elastic deformation

The deformation that the material recovers instantly after the external force is removed, namely, the recoverable deformation that is basically independent of time.

2.94 Delayed deformation

The time-dependent deformation of a material under a constant force.

2.95 Permanent deformation

The deformation, after the material is deformed under the specified conditions, that can't be recovered when the external force is removed. Also called plastic deformation.

2.96 Elastic deformation

The deformation of the material that can be recovered after the external force is removed.

2.97 Delay elastic deformation

The deformation of material, after the external force is removed, that recovers i after a certain period of time.

2.98 Elasticity

The characteristics of materials, after the external force that causes the deformation is removed, that tries to restore its original size and shape.

2.99 Extensibility

The characteristics of materials that generate the extension under sufficient external force.

2.100 Yield point

The turning point from the starting straight part to the bent part on the stress-strain curve, namely, the point at which permanent deformation of the material begins.

2.101 Tensile test

The ratio of the extension of the specimen to its initial length, which is expressed by a percentage ratio.

2.112 Force-extension curve

A graph that characterizes the relationship between force and extension of a material under tensile force.

2.113 Breaking force; maximum force

During the tensile test under specified conditions, the maximum force that is recorded when the specimen is broken.

2.114 Breaking strength

The strength that is expressed by breaking force.

2.115 Elongation at break

The elongation of the specimen under the action of breaking force.

2.116 Breaking point

On the force-extension or stress-strain curve of a material tensile test, the point that corresponds to the breaking force or breaking stress.

2.117 Rupture

In the tensile test, the material breaks into two parts immediately or gradually.

2.118 Force at rupture

The last force that is recorded immediately before the specimen breaks during a tensile test under specified conditions.

2.119 Strength at rupture

The strength that is expressed by the force at rupture.

2.120 Elongation at rupture

The elongation of the specimen from the beginning of the tension to the rupture.

2.121 Work to break

The energy that is consumed when the tensile force of the material reaches the breaking force.

2.122 Work to rupture

2.134 Fire hazard

The potential for death, injury, and/or property damage due to fire.

2.135 Fire risk

The possibility of fire that causes death, injury and/or property damage.

2.136 Flame, n

The zone with luminous gas phase combustion.

2.137 Flame, v

Gas phase combustion process with luminescence.

2.138 Glowing

The phenomenon that the material does not burn in the solid phase of flame, but emits light in the burning zone.

2.139 Smoldering

The material burns slowly that has no visible light, usually exhibits temperature rise and smoke.

2.140 After-flame

Under the specified test conditions, the material continues to burn with flame after the ignition source is removed.

2.141 Afterglow

Under the specified test conditions, after the flame combustion is terminated; or it is the flameless combustion itself, the material shall continue to burn without the flame after the ignition source is removed.

2.142 Flame spread

The expansion of the front of the flame.

2.143 Flame spread rate; rate of flame spread

Under the specified test conditions, the distance that the front of the flame extends per unit time, which is expressed in meters per second (m/s).

2.144 Flame spread time

Under the specified test conditions, the time that is required for the flame on the Under the specified test conditions, the mass of the specimen that is consumed or lost due to ablation, dripping or burning.

Under the specified test conditions, the damaged area of the material that is damaged by combustion or pyrolysis, which is expressed in square centimeters.

2.155 Burned area

Under the specified test conditions, the total area of irreversible damage that is caused by heating of the material. Including material loss, shrinkage, softening, melting, carbonization, combustion and pyrolysis, which is expressed in square centimeters.

2.156 Damaged area

Under the specified test conditions, the maximum length of the damaged part of the material in the specified direction, which is expressed in centimeters.

2.157 Damaged length

Under the specified test conditions, the minimum oxygen concentration that is required to maintain the material to burn in the oxygen-nitrogen mixture, which is expressed by a percentage ratio (%).

2.158 Limiting oxygen index (LOI)

2.159 Char, n

Carbonaceous residue that is formed by pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.

2.160 Char, v

The process of forming carbonaceous residues during pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.

2.161 Melt drip

Drops of molten material, whether it burns or not.

2.162 Melting behavior

The phenomena of shrinkage, dripping, and burning of the material occur while the material is heated and softened.

2.163 Pyrolysis

The irreversible chemical decomposition of materials due to non-oxidizing temperature increase.

2.164 Scorch

2.175 Flash temperature/flash point

Under the specified test conditions, the minimum temperature at which flash-fire occurs when the liquid produces enough flammable gas and is applied to an ignition source.

2.176 Ignition temperature

Under the specified test conditions, the minimum temperature at which the material starts to burn continuously.

2.177 Ignition time

Regardless of whether the material is ignited or not, the specified exposure time of the material in the ignition source, which is expressed in seconds.

2.178 Minimum ignition time

Under the specified test conditions, the minimum time that the material is exposed to the ignition source, and required to obtain sustained combustion, which is expressed in seconds.

2.179 Exposure time

The specified placement time that the material is in the ignition source, which is expressed in seconds.

2.180 Self-heating

An exothermic reaction inside a material that can cause its temperature to rise.

2.181 Self-ignition

The combustion that is caused by self-heating.

2.182 Spontaneous combustion

In the absence of external heating, the combustion that is caused by self-heating.

2.183 Spontaneous ignition temperature

Under the specified test conditions, in the absence of external ignition source, the minimum temperature at which the material ignites due to heating.

2.184 Surface burn

The burning that is only limited to the surface of the material. […]

2.185 Surface burning time