GB 17378.7-2007The specification for marine monitoring - Part 7: Ecological survey for offshore pollution and biological monitoring (English PDF)

5.1.1 Survey content

5.1.1.1 Biological Survey Investigation of phytoplankton species composition and quantity distribution; zooplankton biomass, species composition and quantity distribution.

5.1.1.2 Environmental Investigation Depending on the nature of the contamination survey purpose, type and source of an investigation to determine and monitor the project. Environmental investigation and monitoring of red tides, particularly Determination of nutrients, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, pH, color, trace heavy metals, iron, manganese, chlorophyll a, etc. should be considered.

5.1.2 Type of survey

5.1.2.1 Survey (or basic research) Grasp the investigation area plankton species composition, quantitative distribution, seasonal changes and other ecological status quo for the investigation area of ecological pollution monitoring Test and evaluation, to provide background information. Emplaced survey stations shall be consistent with the environmental monitoring stations set up consistent. If stations dense, heavy workload, plankton interval may be considered to take station kind. Survey time once a month, as required during the high tides and neap tide.

5.1.2.2 Monitoring survey Master polluted waters, especially the relation between AB frequent occurrence area of plankton (especially red tide species) and its dynamic environment. through Over the long-term accumulation of data for environmental and red tide prediction, forecast to make the necessary preparations. Such investigations should not be too laid stations, can be based on the Survey, select a number of "hot spots," a station periodically sampled and analyzed. once Abnormal, should pay close attention to their movements, and appropriately increase the number of investigations, according to Survey stations, to conduct a more comprehensive survey. per month Once during the spring tide, red tide often made of (April to October), 5d survey monitored once, and set the control station.

5.1.2.3 emergency follow-up survey Emergency response actions are tracked accidental contamination (such as oil spills) or the occurrence of red tides occur when taken. Investigate, monitor Sampling should be rushed to the scene as soon as possible, and continue to visual signs disappear. Once a day or every other day sampling. Station layout should be made in accordance with pollution or red tide Students range, according to the gradient, where appropriate, may be. Should also be outside the scope of the accident, select one or two stations as a control.

5.1.3 Survey Methods

5.1.3.1 Sampling Phytoplankton investigation, generally only taken water samples. Station at 15m water depth within the shallow, mining the table, the bottom two; water depth of more than 15m Mining table, the bottom three. If you need more information about its vertical distribution, according to 0m, 3m, 5m, 10m, 15m and other low-level samples. when The need for continuous observation day and night, you can press the hierarchical sampling every interval 2h or 3h.

5.1.3.2 trawl Typically used for zooplankton sampling. Phytoplankton trawl sampling, need to be considered in a detailed analysis of the use of species composition. General use Predetermined gear from the seabed to the surface for vertical trawl sampling. To understand its vertical distribution, according 5m ~ 0m, 10m ~ 5m, to the end 10m vertically stratified trawl and other levels. For day and night continuous observation, phytoplankton and water samples should be of the same interval.

5.2.1 Sampling tools and equipment

5.2.1.1 Phytoplankton samples were collected water heater. Following is a sample of phytoplankton common water harvesting device.

--- Reverse, water harvesting device;

--- Card cover type water harvesting device.

5.2.1.2 nets The following types of nets.

--- Shallow I type plankton net. used to capture large zooplankton and fish eggs, fish larvae and the like. As shown in Table 1;

--- Shallow II plankton net. for the acquisition and small zooplankton. As shown in Table 2;

--- Shallow III type plankton net. used to collect phytoplankton samples for analysis using species composition. As shown in Table 3. Table 1 shallow I type plankton net Specifications Portion sizes and materials Ethernet port inner diameter 50cm, net mouth area of 0.20m2, net circle with a diameter of 10mm round bar Filtration unit 1 long 5cm, small canvas 2 long 135cm, CQ14 silk screen or JP

12 Bottom wire 3 diameter 9cm, length 5cm, small canvas A total length of 145cm Table 2 shallow II type plankton net Specifications Portion sizes and materials Ethernet port internal diameter 31.6cm, net mouth area of 0.08m2, net circle with a diameter of 10mm round bar Nose cone section 1 length 35cm, thin canvas, the ring diameter 50cm, net circle with a diameter of 10mm round bar Filter unit 2 long 100cm, CB36 silk screen or JP

36 Bottom wire 3 diameter 9cm, length 5cm, small canvas A total length of 140cm Table 3 shallow III type plankton net Specifications Portion sizes and materials Ethernet port inner diameter 37cm, net mouth area of 0.1m2, mesh circle with a diameter of 10mm round bar Filtration unit 1 long 5cm, small canvas 2 long 130cm, JF62 silk screen or JP

80 Bottom wire 3 diameter 9cm, length 5cm, small canvas A total length of 140cm

5.2.1.3 Shading tube Means specimens collected plankton net terminal. An outer diameter of 9cm, silk screen sets used with plankton net mesh size clothing silk screen Consistent.

5.2.1.4 Stopper Plankton net mouth shut means for controlling stratified acquisition.

5.2.1.5 flowmeter Measuring the amount of plankton net water treatment equipment, the use of network attached to the midpoint of the radius of the mouth, the water flow through the impeller to rotate its drive recorder record Record the number of revolutions, the necessary conversion can be obtained with the actual amount of water flowing through the network. The meter is not calibrated before use or after field calibration test is intended for use in calm sea. Flowmeter calibration method is to press Position of actual use, is mounted on the ring network without netting, the actual speed according to trawl sampling from a certain depth (10m or 30m) Drag the vertical surface, record the number of revolutions. So repeated 5 times to 10 times, taking the average, and then calculate the flow rate per revolution, for the meter calibration value. This value must be at least three significant figures.

5.2.1.6 shipboard equipment The following equipment is standing on board equipment.

5.2.2 Sample Collection

5.2.2.1 prepare pre-sea 5.2.2.1.1 Press survey project, the number of stations, the level of preparation for adequate sampling tool and numbered bottles of various specimens, fixatives, tables and other records, Packing board and put in place to avoid the impact and lost; 5.2.2.1.2 carefully check the equipment on board is working properly, in case of failure, should be immediately removed or replaced; 5.2.2.1.3 formulated fixing system Phytoplankton fixing iodine. Its method of preparation is iodine (I2 is) is dissolved in 5% potassium iodide (KI) solution, and a saturated solution. Requirements per liter of water sample added to the iodine solution 6mL ~ 8mL ready. Zooplankton fixed with 5% formaldehyde. Without prior preparation, only about 5% of the sample bottles by capacity was added to a solution of formaldehyde. Prepare

5.2.2.2 before the arrival of 5.2.2.2.1 collection should arrive early to work, again check the nets and their accessories, and other related table record with is perfect, Identify problems and timely treatment; 5.2.2.2.2 When the ship station should first check stations, until the boat stop, measuring the actual depth, sampling levels and determine the length of the rope should be placed.

5.2.2.3 Sampling 5.2.2.3.1 phytoplankton water sampling Phytoplankton samples were collected according to the following requirements.

--- With reverse, water harvesting or card cover type water harvesting device, and its use sampling procedures with the same water quality projects;

--- Sampling survey, as the level required, program requirements and the actual depth of the sea area of each station may be;

--- Be sure to collect water samples simultaneously with water harvesting chlorophyll a and water quality projects;

--- Desired sample volume of water is generally 500mL;

--- After sampling, the sample should be added per liter of water 6mL ~ 8mL iodine fixed. 5.2.2.3.2 vertical trawl sampling Respectively shallow I, type II plankton net towed vertically from bottom to table collecting zooplankton. For Phytoplankton, use shallow III Type network. The steps are as follows:

--- Should be checked every time the net before the net has no damage was found damaged should be repaired or replaced netting; check the network bottom pipe and the flowmeter In a normal state, and the meter dial pointer refers to zero; nets into the water, when the network port close to the surface, to be adjusted to counter pointer Zero position; after the network port into the water, at speeds of generally not more than 1m/s, in order to keep the rope tight straight prevail; nets close to the sea when At the end, the winch should slow down, when the sinker bottom, slack rope, should stop immediately, write down the length of the rope;

--- Nets can play immediately after reaching the seafloor network speed is maintained at 0.5m/s or so; network interface is not exposed before the water can not stop; from the network port Open water should slow down and stop in time, beware nets touch the bottom or the scratch card ring collision pulley, so the rope Jiaoduan, lost nets;

--- The net was raised to the proper height, flush with the outer surface of the device from top to bottom repeated washing netting (Never flush water into the network port), So adhered to the online network focused on the specimen tube bottom; the net income deck, open network at the end of the shutter tube, the specimen is loaded specimen bottle, then Close mesh bottom pipe valve, wash the ear wash ball suction silk screen sets, so repeatedly, until all the residual income specimen sample bottle;

--- 5% by volume of the sample, the solution was added formalin fixed. 5.2.2.3.3 stratified sampling trawl Hierarchical collection should gear locking device, a predetermined level of each sample. Steps are.

--- Before the net should make nets, blocking, wire rope, rope down the middle in the normal sampling state, the vertical trawl net method;

--- Gear falls below a predetermined lower bound of the aqueous layer should be sampled from the network immediately, such as vertical speed trawl; when the water level will reach sampling network sector, should be reduced Slow speed (to avoid parking to prevent the spillover of the sample), ahead lay the hammer (advance per 10m water depth of about 1m); when the wire rope Now instant relaxation or vibration, indicating that the network is down (Record the r...