GB 17378.1-2007The specification for marine monitoring - Part 1: General rules (English PDF)

3.1 Marine monitoring mission

3.1.1 grasp of major pollutants into the sea and the sea conditions and the quality of long-term trends, determine whether the quality of the marine environment in line with national standard.

3.1.2 Inspection of marine environmental policy and prevention measures of regional results, macro-management feedback information to evaluate the effect of preventive measures. Major environmental and ecological issues

3.1.3 Monitoring may occur, provide the basis for early warning.

3.1.4 research, verification of pollutant transport, dispersion models to predict the impact the new sources of pollution and secondary pollution of the marine environment for the development environment Management and planning provide a scientific basis.

3.1.5 and carry out monitoring of marine rights and interests, to provide information for the border demarcation, protection of marine resources, ocean health maintenance.

3.1.6 to carry out monitoring of marine resources, in order to protect human health, the maintenance of ecological balance and rational development and utilization of marine resources, to achieve sustainable use service.

3.2 Classification marine monitoring

3.2.1 Study Monitoring Monitoring is intended to clarify the research objectives pollutant monitoring. By monitoring the discharge of pollutants from emission sources to ascertain the receptor to change migration Of trends and patterns. When monitoring data indicate the existence of environmental problems, determine the extent of harm to human pollutants, biological and landscape ecology and nature.

3.2.2 Monitoring Monitoring Surveillance monitoring, also known as routine monitoring, including pollution control and emission monitoring pollution trend monitoring. In the sewage outfall and predetermined waters were Determination of contaminants on a regular basis point, to assess progress in emission control, evaluation of environmental conditions, trends and environmental improvements made in the case Provide a scientific basis.

3.2.3 Marine Resources Survey Marine resources, including renewable and non-renewable resources. Monitoring of marine resources, including biological, mineral, tourism, port traffic, power and energy, Salt and chemical monitoring and investigation.

3.2.4 maritime rights monitoring Monitoring refers to the maritime rights and interests, to safeguard maritime rights and interests of the country or region, in the waters multinational or multilateral co-owners will be to protect the sea Yang ecological health and reproduction of marine living resources for the purpose of ocean monitoring.

3.2.5 Marine Monitoring Designed in time and space, a uniform and comparable sampling and monitoring tools, access to land and marine environmental quality elements derived Into the sea of material. Marine monitoring by media classification, can be divided into water quality monitoring, biological monitoring, sediment monitoring and atmospheric monitoring; from the monitoring element to points, can be divided into Into routine project monitoring, organic and inorganic pollutants monitoring; geographical location from sea to points, it can be divided into coastal waters monitoring, monitoring of coastal waters Ocean and sea monitoring. Ocean monitoring including marine pollution monitoring and marine environment monitoring elements. Marine pollution monitoring coastal waters including pollution monitoring, pollution Monitoring, marine dumping zones monitoring, ocean oil pollution monitoring, marine monitoring other. Marine environmental monitoring factors including marine hydrometeorological factors, Biological elements, chemical elements and geological factors monitoring.

3.2.6 baseline survey The initial investigation of the environmental quality status of the basic elements of a set of sea area and to grasp its trend after a longer time interval changes in weight Complex investigations.

3.2.7 routine monitoring In the baseline survey, based on optimized choose several representative stations and projects carried out in order to achieve the main purpose of the spatial distribution of the long-term by Relative monitoring fixed term.

3.2.8 sentinel surveillance In the fixed-site observations perennial shorter period. Including on-shore (Island) side to set up a fixed sampling point, or in the vicinity of the fixed station small Some layout range sea surveillance sampling points in two forms.

3.2.9 Emergency Monitoring When hazardous substances or red tide disaster relief emergencies at sea, the organization's rapid response field observation, or in the vicinity of the solid Stationing a temporary increase in targeted monitoring.

3.2.10 special investigation To investigate a specialized need. Such as waste dumping area, resource development, environmental assessment and other coastal engineering surveys.

3.3 Principles of marine monitoring

3.3.1 Monitoring urgency principle Whether it is environmental monitoring, resource monitoring, or the interests of surveillance should be in accordance with the priorities of local conditions, the overall design, step by step, roll Dynamic development principles. Depending on the circumstances change and ocean management feedback information, at any time to make adjustments, changes and additions. The ocean management, marine Exploitation and public service in the first place, the accumulated demand for both marine research and information on the second place.

3.3.2 focused, control general principles Coastal waters and controversial is the focus of China's marine monitoring. In coastal areas, estuaries should be highlighted, focusing on the Gulf, cities and industrial Coastal waters, as well as monitoring of important marine functional areas and development zones. In coastal areas, the focus of monitoring oil zone, important fishing grounds, sea Nearby Ocean Dumping area and main sea lanes. In the interests of surveillance, focusing on maritime delimitation in the disputed waters based.

3.3.3 multi-media, multi-functional integration principle Establish a water quality monitoring as the main controlling monitoring mechanism to monitor the sediment as the main content of the trend monitoring mechanism to biomonitoring Monitoring mechanism for the effect of the skeleton, and endangering national marine rights and interests as the main object of interest in monitoring mechanisms, so as to form a variety of needs into account more Functional integration of the monitoring system.

3.3.4 priority pollutants monitoring principles Proven marine pollutant distribution, content and frequency of occurrence, identify new list of pollutants, research and development priority pollutants monitoring The method to be mature methods and conditions as priority pollutants when the license. Typically, monitoring factors broadly representative of the project, can be considered Priority monitoring.

3.4 Monitoring Plan and Benefit Analysis Approval and implementation of the monitoring plan

3.4.1 Marine monitoring program as planned task, the task assigned by superior technical director of design or contract the scope of monitoring, stations, projects, frequency Rate, presided over the establishment level. Planning must be based on realistic conditions and technical personnel to ensure the substance, and should consider the following. Tasks and basis; Stations maps, tables and reference depth; the timing, route sequence and recharge sites; monitoring and sampling program level, the number of personnel and organizational division of labor, Safety precautions; budget, schedule and other belongings out to sea. By the task execution unit, monitoring before 20d, submission packet monitoring authorities, until approval of the plan should be complied with, for the time change, should be By the competent authority for approval. Navigation safety-related jobs, the plan should be fully taken into account. Implementation of the plan should not be abandoned at any station on Inclement weather station failed job should be tested additionally. Emergency monitoring, technical director at the scene according to the actual situation of the right to enter plan Modifications and supplements. In routine monitoring, it was found important ocean phenomena or general average event, the right to decide who is responsible for tracking technology to explore, but it should be the same When reported to authorities. Select the

3.4.2 Sampling and analysis methods Sampling shall be in accordance with a prescribed method, effectively taking anti-pollution measures, in accordance with the norms of operation, combined with the local circumstances, through fieldwork Investigation to determine the appropriate sampling methods. In the marine environment, the analyte in minor or trace levels, high salinity of the sea water, as much as components, in the form of complex compounds, bound Marine environmental monitoring difficult. Some classical methods of analysis is restricted because of the sensitivity of marine monitoring should use high sensitivity system A determination of the respective sea accurate comparable monitoring data.

3.4.3 Benefit Analysis Monitoring planning, the monitoring personnel should be based on the required measurement, the estimate of the cost to complete the monitoring tasks. Without prejudice to monitoring purposes Case, you should choose a more loyal, good accuracy and precision of analysis methods.

3.5 marine monitoring quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC)

3.5.1 Quality Assurance Marine monitoring quality assurance is total quality management throughout the marine monitoring process, which includes environmental monitoring data to ensure accurate and All activities and measures against, ranging from on-site investigation, station layout, sample collection, storage and transport, laboratory sample analysis, data processing, Comprehensive evaluation of the whole process of quality assurance.

3.5.2 Quality Control Quality control is the monitoring of all technical activities in order to achieve the quality requirements adopted, a method of controlling the monitoring process, is a quality assurance section.

3.5.3 Accuracy and precision Accuracy refers to the measurement results and the objective environment closeness; refers to the precision measurement results with good parallelism, repeatability, and then Reproducibility.

3.5.4 Integrity Integrity is expected to be achieved as planned and systematic, periodic or continuous (including time and space) environmental data characteristics.

3.5.5 Representative Representative means a characteristic representative of the time, place, and purpose in accordance with the determined data obtained in a typical environment.

5.1 Basic requirements laid stations

5.1.1 Objective To determine the scope of monitoring in accordance with the task, with a minimum number of stations, the acquired data to meet the needs for monitoring purposes.

5.1.2 baseline survey stations close, regular monitoring stations bit sparse; coastal dense, far shore sparse; densely developed areas, the pristine shores sparse.

5.1.3 as follows historic station, the appropriate use of the marine section of the survey stations, take care of the uniformity of the station and the fixed station and the shore Cohesion.

5.2 All kinds of waters Station layout principles

5.2.1 waters. water masses in the ocean, water fronts, important fishing grounds, farms, the main routes, key tourist areas, nature reserves, waste Was dumping sites and the establishment of environmentally sensitive areas or to increase the station station density.

5.2.2 Bay. sink into the river at the confluence of the Gulf Central and Wan Hoi, taking bay and environmental characteristics of the local circulation affected by topography Set up health stations.

5.2.3 Estuary. left and right side of the river above the geographical connection endpoint, major urban sewage outfall estuary less and reduce the impact of the trend. As has Dam should be located upstream of the gate; at the mouth of a branched flow into the sink should be located downstream of the Survey Office.

6 monitoring the frequency and period

6.1 baseline survey frequency Once the initial baseline survey, the trend survey every five years.

6.2 routine monitoring frequency

6.2.1 Water Quality Monitoring twice a year. In the wet season, dry season.

6.2.2 Sediment monitoring annually or biennially.

6.2.3 Biological quality monitoring once or twice a year (in the biological maturity conducted).

6.2.4 In addition to the meteorological observation station, the daily 02,08,14,20 when the timing observations sailing.

6.3 sentinel surveillance

6.3.1 single point of observation by the way, every 1h ~ 3h sampling a second consecutive sampling 25h.

6.3.2 Press Omo observation mode, at least once a month. When the average, red tide and other incidents at sea 6.3.3, associated fixed station or, where appropriate, by the superior directive to increase the number of observations.

6.4 emergency monitoring and special investigations According to the monitoring and investigation purposes, designed by the project leader.