GB/Z 34124-2017General specifications for intelligent protection and control equipment (English PDF)

Foreword

This guiding technical document was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.

This guiding technical document was proposed by the China Electrical Equipment Industry Association.

This guiding technical document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Measuring Relays and Protection Equipment of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 154).

Drafting organizations of this guiding technical document: Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd.; Jicheng Electronics Co., Ltd.; Xuchang KETOP Electrical Research Institute; NR Electric Co., Ltd. (Nanjing); XJ Electric Co., Ltd.; Harbin Electric Group Acheng Relay Co., Ltd.; Xuchang KETOP Testing Technology Co., Ltd.; State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company; China Electric Power Research Institute; Guodian Nanjing Automation Co., Ltd.; Beijing Zhiguang Measurement and Control Co., Ltd.; Changyuan Shenrui Relay Protection Automation Co., Ltd.; State Grid Electric Power Research Institute; Dongfang Electronics Co., Ltd.; Zhuhai Wanlida Electrical Automation Co., Ltd.; Hebei Beiheng Electric Technology Co., Ltd.; Jiangsu Jinzhi Technology Co., Ltd.; ABB (China) Ltd.; Schneider Electric (China) Co., Ltd.; Siemens Power Automation Ltd.

Main drafters of this guiding technical document: Song Xiaozhou, Wei Xin, Yang Huixia, Xiong Muwen, Ni Chuankun, Chen Cheng, Chen Ming, Ren Jiangbo, Ai Shuyun, Yao Liang, Ge Rongshang, Liu Hongjun, Yu Bo, Quan Xianjun, Zhu Zhiwei, Yang Chunli, Zeng Bingyuan, Li Zhixiu, Xu Chenliang, Zhang Ji and Zheng Peng.

1 Scope

This guiding technical document specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules and the requirements for marking, packaging, transport and storage of intelligent protection and control equipment for substations, including conventional protection and control equipment and smart substation protection and control equipment (hereinafter referred to as the equipment).

This guiding technical document applies to intelligent protection and control equipment in substations of the 110 kV voltage class and below, and serves as the basis for the development, design, manufacture, testing and operation of the equipment.

2 Normative references

The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies.

GB/T 191 Packaging - Pictorial marking for handling of goods; GB/T 2887-2011 General specification for computer field; GB/T 2900.1 Electrotechnical terminology - Fundamental terms; GB/T 2900.17 Electrotechnical terminology - Measuring relays; GB/T 2900.49 Electrotechnical terminology - Power system protection; GB/T 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code); GB/T 4798.2 Environmental conditions existing in the application of electric and electronic products - Transportation; GB/T 7261-2016 Basic testing method for relay protection and security automatic equipment; GB/T 9361-2011 Safety requirements for computer field; GB/T 11287-2000 Electrical relays - Part 21: Vibration, shock, bump and seismic tests on measuring relays and protection equipment - Section One: Vibration tests (sinusoidal); GB/T 13384 General specifications for packing of mechanical and electrical product; GB/T 13729-2002 Remote terminal unit equipment; GB/T 13850 Electrical measuring transducers for converting AC electrical quantities to analogue or digital signals.

GB/T 14285-2006 Technical code for relaying protection and security automatic equipment; GB/T 14537 Shock and bump tests on measuring relays and protection equipment; GB/T 14598.2-2011 Measuring relays and protection equipment - Part 1: Common requirements; GB/T 14598.26-2015 Measuring relays and protection equipment - Part 26: Electromagnetic compatibility requirements; GB/T 14598.27-2008 Measuring relays and protection equipment - Part 27: Product safety requirements; GB/T 17626.9-2011 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Pulse magnetic field immunity test; GB/T 17626.10-1998 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Damped oscillatory magnetic field immunity test; GB/T 19520.12 Mechanical structures for electronic equipment - Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 482.6 mm (19 in) series - Part 3-101: Subracks and associated plug-in units; GB/T 20840.7 Instrument transformers - Part 7: Electronic voltage transformers; GB/T 20840.8 Instrument transformers - Part 8: Electronic current transformers; GB/T 21711.1 Elementary electromechanical relays - Part 1: General and safety requirements.

GB/T 25919.1 Modbus test specification - Part 1: Modbus serial link conformance test specification; GB/T 25919.2 Modbus test specification - Part 2: Modbus serial link interoperability test specification; GB/T 25931 Precision clock synchronization protocol for networked measurement and control systems; GB/T 26864 Dynamic simulation test of relay protection products for power systems; DL/T 478-2013 General specifications for relay protection and security automatic equipment; DL/T 634.56 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 5-6: Guidelines for conformance testing for the IEC 60870-5 companion standards; DL/T 860 (all parts) Communication networks and systems in substations.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 2900.1, GB/T 2900.17, GB/T 2900.49, GB/T 21711.1, GB/T 13850, DL/T 860.2, GB/T 20840.7 and GB/T 20840.8 and the following apply.

3.1 conventional protection and control equipment: protection equipment, or protection and control equipment, that performs functions such as AC quantity sampling, binary inputs and binary outputs by means of conventional cable connections.

3.2 smart substation protection and control equipment: protection equipment, or protection and control equipment, that performs functions such as SV sampling, GOOSE binary inputs and GOOSE binary outputs by means of optical fibre connections.

3.3 intelligent protection and control equipment: equipment that, by acquiring analogue, switching or digital quantities, performs protection functions on its own, or integrates protection, measurement and control functions in one unit.

3.4 operate time of protection device: the time from the instant the protection device receives the fault inception data to the instant the protection issues the trip command.

3.5 whole operate time of protection: the time from the instant the fault occurs to the operation of the relay output of the protection device (or intelligent terminal).

4 Technical requirements

4.1 Environmental conditions. 4.1.1 Normal operating atmospheric conditions: a) ambient temperature -10 °C to +55 °C; b) relative humidity 5% to 95% (with neither condensation nor icing inside the equipment); c) atmospheric pressure 80 kPa to 106 kPa. 4.1.2 Limit ambient temperatures for storage and transport: a) storage -20 °C to +55 °C with relative humidity not greater than 85%; b) transport -40 °C to +70 °C with relative humidity not greater than 85%.

4.1.3 Surrounding environment: a) the installation shall be shaded from sun, sheltered from rain and snow, protected against lightning, sand and dust, and ventilated; b) the electromagnetic environment shall comply with 7.4 of DL/T 478-2013; c) the site shall comply with the class B safety requirements of GB/T 9361-2011; d) no vibration exceeding severity class I specified in GB/T 11287-2000 shall occur at the place of use; e) there shall be no explosive media; the surrounding medium shall not contain media that corrode metals or damage insulation and surface platings and coatings, nor conductive media; no significant water vapour and no serious mould growth are permitted; f) the earthing resistance shall comply with 4.8 of GB/T 2887-2011; an earthing copper bar shall be laid at the installation site and reliably bonded at one point to the earthing point of the site earthing grid. 4.1.4 Special conditions of use: where the environment at the installation site clearly exceeds the normal operating conditions of 4.1.1, the matter shall be settled by agreement between user and manufacturer.

4.2 Rated electrical parameters. 4.2.1 DC power supply: a) rated voltage 220 V, 110 V; b) permissible deviation -20% to +10%; c) ripple factor not greater than 5%. 4.2.2 Analogue inputs: a) AC voltage 100/sqrt(3) V; 100 V; b) AC current 1 A; 5 A; c) rated frequency 50 Hz. 4.2.3 Digital inputs: a) digital value of rated AC current: when the sampled values follow GB/T 20840.8 the rated value is 01CFH or 00E7H; when the sampled value protocol is DL/T 860.92, 0x01 represents 1 mA; b) digital value of rated AC voltage: when the sampled values follow GB/T 20840.8 the rated value is 2D41H; when the protocol is DL/T 860.92, 0x01 represents 10 mV; c) rated frequency of the AC supply 50 Hz. 4.2.4 Status inputs: a) interface level DC 220 V, DC 110 V; b) permissible deviation -20% to +10%; c) ripple factor not greater than 5%.

4.3 Overload capability. For equipment with conventional sampling: a) AC current circuits for protection: 2 times rated current continuously; 40 times rated current for 1 s; b) AC current circuits for measurement: 1.2 times rated current continuously; 20 times rated current for 1 s; c) AC voltage circuits: 1) equipment for systems with directly earthed neutral: 1.4 times rated voltage continuously, 2 times rated voltage for 10 s; 2) equipment for systems with non-directly earthed neutral: 140 V continuously, 200 V for 10 s; 3) the overload capability of zero-sequence voltage circuits is specified by the product standard or the manufacturer's product documentation. 4.4 Power consumption: the power consumption of each circuit shall comply with 4.7 of DL/T 478-2013. In normal operation the power consumption of cross-bay equipment shall not exceed 80 W and that of other equipment shall not exceed 50 W.

4.5 Structure and appearance. 4.5.1 Dimensions of cases and plug-in units: a) cases and plug-in units shall comply with GB/T 19520.12; b) an earthing point shall be provided to meet safety and EMC requirements; c) metal structural parts shall have anti-corrosion protection and meet the heat dissipation needs of heat-generating components; d) surface coatings shall be uniform in colour, without obvious colour difference or glare, and free of grit, wrinkles, runs and similar defects; e) surfaces shall be flat and clean, and fasteners free of looseness, detachment, rust and deformation. 4.5.2 Enclosure protection: the degree of protection shall comply with 4.10.2 of DL/T 478-2013. 4.5.3 Output relays: switching outputs, output relays and signal relays shall comply with 4.5.2, 4.5.3 and 4.5.4 of DL/T 478-2013. 4.5.4 Process-level optical fibre interface: a) multimode fibre; b) core diameter 62.5/125 um (or 50/125 um); c) wavelength 1 310 nm or 850 nm; d) for 1 310 nm fibre, transmit power -20 dBm to -14 dBm and receive sensitivity -31 dBm to -14 dBm; for 850 nm fibre, transmit power -19 dBm to -10 dBm and receive sensitivity -24 dBm to -10 dBm; e) connector type ST or LC. 4.5.5 Electrical Ethernet interface: a) transmission medium Category 5 or higher shielded twisted pair; b) RJ-45 interface.

4.6 Functional requirements. 4.6.1 Basic functions: a) the equipment shall meet 4.1.2 to 4.1.16 of GB/T 14285-2006; b) it shall be independent, complete and self-contained, with protection functions that respond to all faults and abnormal states of the protected power system and equipment; c) transformer protection may integrate main and backup protection or keep them separate; d) 110 kV line protection and bus coupler protection may integrate protection and control; e) failure of a single electronic component (other than output relays) shall not cause maloperation; f) in 110 kV protection and control equipment the power supply and management module should be shared, while the protection CPU and the measurement and control CPU should be independent.

4.6.1 (continued): g) during power-up and restart the equipment shall not send information inconsistent with external binary inputs (for example circuit breaker and disconnector positions); h) it shall provide information on its own health, including working environment, hardware status, software status and communication status (internal and between devices); i) it shall monitor internal working voltages, supervising the supply quality of internal chips in real time; j) it should monitor received optical power at fibre interfaces with alarm; k) it shall have a self-reset circuit: under normal conditions no endless program loop shall occur; if the program runs away because of interference, the self-reset circuit shall restore normal operation automatically; if normal operation is not restored after reset, an abnormal signal or message shall be issued and the equipment shall not maloperate.

4.6.1 (continued): l) event recording in time sequence, such as protection operation, binary input changes, switching of links in and out, setting changes, setting group switching, device alarms and device abnormalities; m) fault recording of all information over the whole protection operation, storing the latest 8 or more operation reports, to give detailed and complete data for analysing protection behaviour; n) communication interfaces to the monitoring system and fault information system, with basic functions not affected by the station-level network; o) a debugging interface and auxiliary software providing communication and maintenance, setting, fault recording and analysis and debugging; p) remote setting modification; in normal operation the protection shall not maloperate during setting switching; setting lists shall be printable and output via the communication port.

4.6.1 (continued): q) communication with the monitoring and fault information systems shall carry at least: 1) device identification; 2) binary inputs; 3) link in/out status; 4) analogue measured values; 5) settings, setting modification and setting group switching; 6) device abnormal signals; 7) fault information, fault waveforms and protection operation reports; 8) remote operation and control information related to the monitoring system; 9) maintenance status quality; r) reception of external time synchronization by PPS, IRIG-B or the GB/T 25931 PTP protocol; s) the equipment should use the communication protocols of the DL/T 860 series.

4.6.2 Line protection. 4.6.2.1 The function configuration shall meet 4.4 to 4.6 of GB/T 14285-2006. 4.6.2.2 Pilot current differential protection: a) the devices at both line ends shall each have an independent local current start element; AC voltage and similar quantities may be used as auxiliary start elements where necessary, taking into account the effect of VT and CT circuit failure; differential current alone shall not be the start element; b) the devices shall exchange user-settable channel identification codes and check them, giving an alarm and blocking differential protection on mismatch; c) channel monitoring shall record and accumulate lost frames, error frames and other channel data in real time, with an alarm on serious channel failure.

4.6.2.3 Phase-to-phase and earth distance protection: a) zones I and II are fixed directional; b) whether zones I and II are subject to power swing blocking is selected by control word. 4.6.2.4 Zero-sequence overcurrent protection: a) multi-stage definite-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection, each stage optionally directional; b) the zero-sequence power direction element shall use self-derived zero-sequence voltage and current. 4.6.2.5 Auto-reclosing: a) synchronism-check and dead-line check modes; b) a soft link to disable reclosing, with remote enabling and disabling; c) initiation by protection start and by circuit breaker position discrepancy; d) an external binary input that blocks reclosing, discharging the reclosing function immediately whenever received.

4.6.3 Transformer protection. 4.6.3.1 The function configuration shall meet 4.3 of GB/T 14285-2006. 4.6.3.2 Transformer differential protection: a) prevention of maloperation on magnetizing inrush; b) restraint characteristic against maloperation on external faults; c) unrestrained differential (instantaneous) element; d) measures against maloperation during CT transient saturation; e) currents are connected in Y, with phase and magnitude compensation in software; f) CT circuit failure alarm, with a control word selecting whether CT failure blocks percentage differential protection; when blocking is selected it is conditional; g) differential current over-limit alarm.

4.6.3.3 Compound-voltage blocked overcurrent and zero-sequence overcurrent: a) VT failure alarm, not issued for a side whose voltage is taken out of service; b) after VT failure or voltage withdrawal on a side, that side's compound voltage is not used as a criterion for compound-voltage overcurrent of that or other sides; c) after VT failure or voltage withdrawal on a side, any directional element of that side's overcurrent or zero-sequence overcurrent is deemed satisfied. 4.6.3.4 Gap protection: a) the zero-sequence voltage should be taken from the VT open-delta voltage, not controlled by the local voltage link; b) gap overcurrent and zero-sequence overvoltage form OR logic. 4.6.3.5 Non-electrical protection: a) operation shall be recorded with hard contact signal output; b) non-electrical protection acting on trip shall have a start power greater than 5 W, an operating voltage within 55% to 70% of rated DC supply voltage, an operating time of 10 ms to 35 ms at rated DC voltage, and immunity to 220 V power-frequency interference voltage.

4.6.4 Busbar protection. 4.6.4.1 The function configuration shall meet 4.8 of GB/T 14285-2006. 4.6.4.2 Busbar differential protection: a) CTs of different ratios shall be allowed with automatic correction; b) double-busbar schemes shall have a large-differential element (discriminating internal and external busbar faults) and small-differential elements (selecting the faulted busbar); c) double-busbar protection shall identify the busbar running mode from disconnector auxiliary contacts and verify the contacts using currents; d) double-bus double-section schemes shall provide contacts to initiate breaker failure protection of the section breaker; e) on busbar VT failure, busbar protection may release voltage blocking for that busbar section; f) the charging state of the bus coupler (section) breaker shall be identified automatically, so that closing onto a dead-zone fault does not wrongly trip the running busbar; g) CT failure alarm: CT failure of the bus coupler (section) does not block differential protection, while CT failure of any other branch permanently blocks it; h) double-busbar protection shall alarm when the voltage blocking element starts.

4.6.5 Bus coupler (section) protection. 4.6.5.1 110 kV (66 kV): a) serves as busbar charging protection and as auxiliary protection when a new line is put into service, and may integrate control functions; b) two stages of charging overcurrent, each with one time delay; c) charging zero-sequence overcurrent with one stage and one time delay, or two stages each with one time delay. 4.6.5.2 35 kV (10 kV): a) an integrated protection and control device serving as busbar charging protection and auxiliary protection for new lines; b) two-stage, two-delay charging overcurrent protection; c) with low-resistance earthing, one-stage one-delay charging zero-sequence overcurrent protection should be provided.

4.6.6 Capacitor protection. 4.6.6.1 Function configuration: a) meet 4.11 of GB/T 14285-2006; b) 35 kV (10 kV) capacitor protection uses integrated protection and control devices suitable for capacitor banks of all connections. 4.6.6.2 Overcurrent: two stages, each with one time delay, tripping the local circuit breaker. 4.6.6.3 Zero-sequence current: from self-derived zero-sequence current or an independent zero-sequence CT; two stages each with one delay, stage one tripping, stage two tripping or alarming. 4.6.6.4 Overvoltage: one stage, one delay; overvoltage elements (line voltages) in OR logic. 4.6.6.5 Undervoltage: one stage, one delay: a) undervoltage elements (line voltages) in AND logic; b) effective measures against maloperation during breaker closing; c) a current blocking condition against maloperation on VT failure. 4.6.6.6 Unbalance protection, suitable for different bank connections: a) unbalance protection reflecting internal capacitor faults: neutral unbalance current, open-delta voltage, three-phase differential current or three-phase voltage differential protection; b) three-phase unbalance elements in OR logic; c) open-delta voltage taken from the open delta of the capacitor discharge PT. 4.6.6.7 VQC blocking: after protection operation VQC shall be blocked to prevent wrong closing of the capacitor bank. 4.6.6.8 Non-electrical protection: one switchable non-electrical trip function, optionally plus one switchable non-electrical trip or alarm function.

4.6.7 Reactor protection. 4.6.7.1 Function configuration: a) meet 4.12 of GB/T 14285-2006; b) 10 kV (35 kV) reactor protection uses integrated protection and control devices. 4.6.7.2 Overcurrent: two stages each with one delay, tripping the local breaker; the three-phase currents shall be taken from the phase CTs on the busbar side. 4.6.7.3 Zero-sequence overcurrent: two stages each with one delay, stage one tripping, stage two tripping or alarming. 4.6.7.4 Overload alarm: one stage, one delay. 4.6.7.5 Busbar protection blocking (simple busbar protection blocking), which should be used in multi-in-one or smart substation reactor protection: a) on start of any overcurrent stage a blocking signal is sent instantly to the busbar protection; b) after the protection has cleared the fault the blocking signal resets instantly; c) if the fault persists a certain time after protection operation, the blocking signal resets instantly. 4.6.7.6 Non-electrical protection: one switchable non-electrical trip function, optionally plus one switchable non-electrical trip or alarm function.

4.6.8 Basic measurement and control functions: a) real-time data acquisition of telemetry and telesignal quantities; b) control operation logic interlocking; c) local or remote setting of function parameters; d) select-check-execute: receiving, checking back and executing remote control commands, and receiving and executing reset and remote adjustment commands; e) sequence of events recording; f) optional synchronism check for closing; g) automatic or manual point-to-point information checking with dispatching and monitoring systems; h) GPS time synchronization. Note: measurement and control of capacitors, reactors and similar does not require synchronism check. 4.6.9 Information exchange and security. 4.6.9.1 Under the following conditions the equipment shall operate normally with function and performance unaffected, without maloperation, failure to operate or false messages, without hang-up or restart, and without abnormal panel alarms unrelated to the test: a) network stress from non-subscribed messages occupying the full bandwidth or a certain amount of subscribed messages; b) conventional penetration attacks such as ARP; c) protocol security testing of the GOOSE, SV, MMS and other protocols used.

4.6.9.2 Under limit stress with illegal subscribed messages occupying the full bandwidth, the equipment shall not maloperate, fail to operate, send false messages, hang or restart; functions shall be maintained, performance may degrade temporarily and shall recover once the stress is removed. 4.6.9.3 User logins should be authenticated. 4.6.9.4 Human-machine access control: a) access control shall be provided; b) deletion of event records, recordings and fault record files requires prior authorization; c) modification of soft links, settings and configuration files requires prior authorization. 4.6.9.5 Communication confidentiality: the equipment shall not disclose confidential information such as authorization codes.

4.7 Performance requirements. 4.7.1 Protection performance. 4.7.1.1 Protection performance depends on the protected object; aspects not specified here are defined by the enterprise product standard or manufacturer's documentation. 4.7.1.2 Accurate measuring range: a) AC voltage 1 V to 100 V (protection), 1 V to 120 V (measurement and control); b) AC current 0.05 In to 20 In, 0.1 In to 40 In; c) zero-sequence voltage and current per product standard or manufacturer's documentation. 4.7.1.3 Intrinsic accuracy under reference conditions: a) AC current: from 0.05 In to 20 In, relative error not greater than 2.5% or absolute error not greater than 0.01 In; or from 0.1 In to 40 In, relative error not greater than 2.5% or absolute error not greater than 0.02 In; b) AC voltage: from 0.01 Un to 1.5 Un, relative error not greater than 2.5% or absolute error not greater than 0.002 Un; c) zero-sequence quantities per product standard.

4.7.1.4 Variation: per 4.3.2 of DL/T 478-2013. 4.7.1.5 Whole operate time of protection: a) line pilot current differential not greater than 40 ms (at 2 times setting, excluding channel time); b) line distance zone I not greater than 40 ms (at 0.7 times setting); c) busbar differential not greater than 30 ms (2 times setting); d) transformer unrestrained differential not greater than 30 ms (2 times setting), percentage differential not greater than 40 ms (2 times setting). 4.7.1.6 Time delay accuracy: for current protection not greater than 1% or 40 ms (either one satisfied); for voltage protection per product standard; the intrinsic accuracy of inverse-time delays per product standard or manufacturer's documentation.

4.7.2 Measurement and control performance. 4.7.2.1 Power-frequency AC analogue quantities: a) basic error limits: 1) AC voltage and current ±0.2% or ±0.5%; 2) active and reactive power ±0.5% or ±1.0%; 3) phase angle ±2°; 4) power factor ±0.5% or ±1.0%; 5) frequency ±0.01 Hz; b) reference conditions of influence quantities and permissible test errors per Table 7 of GB/T 13729-2002; c) reference conditions of measurands per Table 8 of GB/T 13729-2002; d) under the reference conditions of b) and c), the measurement error within the nominal range shall not exceed a); e) input circuits per 3.5.2 e) of GB/T 13729-2002; f) ranges of influence quantities and permissible variations per 3.5.2 f) of GB/T 13729-2002. 4.7.2.2 Status quantities: a) for states indicated by closed and open mechanical contacts, only passive dry contact connection is considered; b) SOE resolution not greater than 2 ms.

4.7.2.3 Information response time: a) telesignal change response less than 1 s; b) telemetry response less than 2 s; c) remote control transmission delay less than 1 s. 4.7.3 Requirements for associated equipment: a) binary inputs taken from the high-voltage switchyard shall use 110 V (or 220 V) strong-level signals; b) the CT ratio difference between sides of transformer protection should not exceed 10 times; c) the external LV-side CT of the transformer should be installed between the LV busbar and the switch; d) the dedicated gap CT and neutral CT shall each provide two secondary windings for protection; e) the CT ratio difference between branches of busbar protection should not exceed 4 times; f) the operating time of the intelligent terminal shall not exceed 7 ms.

4.8 Safety requirements. 4.8.1 The equipment shall not endanger persons or property. 4.8.2 Equipment safety shall not be impaired under normal operating conditions. 4.8.3 The safety-related design and application of components shall comply with 8.3 of GB/T 14598.27-2008. 4.8.4 Clearances and creepage distances shall be designed, selected and determined according to GB/T 14598.27-2008. 4.8.5 Good construction and engineering practice shall protect users against electric shock; protective earthing shall comply with 4.1 of GB/T 14598.27-2008. 4.8.6 Under single fault conditions the equipment shall not create a shock hazard to persons who may touch it, as required by 5.2 of GB/T 14598.27-2008. 4.8.7 The flammability class of materials and components shall meet 7.5 of GB/T 14598.27-2008. 4.9 Insulation performance: the equipment shall withstand the impulse voltage test, dielectric strength test and insulation resistance measurement specified in GB/T 14598.2-2011.

4.10 Electromagnetic compatibility. The equipment shall withstand the following immunity tests specified in GB/T 14598.26-2015, with acceptance criteria according to Clause 8 of that standard: 4.10.1 damped oscillatory wave; 4.10.2 electrostatic discharge; 4.10.3 radiated electromagnetic field; 4.10.4 electrical fast transient/burst; 4.10.5 surge; 4.10.6 DC supply voltage dips and interruptions; 4.10.7 power-frequency magnetic field. 4.10.8 Pulse magnetic field immunity: test severity level 4 according to Table 1 of GB/T 17626.9-2011, with performance during and after the test according to item 1) of Clause 9 of that standard. 4.10.9 Damped oscillatory magnetic field immunity: test severity level 4 according to Table 1 of GB/T 17626.10-1998, with performance according to item 1) of Clause 9 of that standard.

4.10.10 Emission limits: conducted and radiated emissions shall comply with GB/T 14598.26-2015. 4.11 Damp heat resistance: per 7.3.8 and 7.3.9 of DL/T 478-2013; after the test the functions shall comply with 4.6. 4.12 Mechanical performance: the equipment shall withstand the vibration, shock and bump normally encountered in transport and operation; vibration, shock and bump tests are performed at severity class I according to GB/T 11287-2000 and GB/T 14537. 4.13 Continuous energization: after commissioning, a continuous energization test shall be carried out according to 7.13 of DL/T 478-2013, with detailed requirements in the enterprise product standard; after the test the performance shall comply with 4.6.

5 Test methods

5.1 Test conditions. 5.1.1 Atmospheric conditions and environment: a) unless otherwise specified, all tests are carried out under the normal operating atmospheric conditions of 4.1.1; b) the equipment under test and the test instruments shall be well earthed; c) unless otherwise specified, the surroundings shall comply with 4.1.3. 5.1.2 Test equipment, instruments and accuracy class: a) equipment and instruments shall meet 4.4 of GB/T 7261-2016; b) all intrinsic accuracy tests shall use instruments more accurate than the declared accuracy of the equipment under test; the measured accuracy shall not be worse than the declared accuracy taking the measurement uncertainty of the instruments into account; instruments shall be calibrated traceably to international standards. 5.2 High and low temperature tests: according to 4.1.1 a), the high temperature test per 9.1.1, the low temperature test per 9.1.2 and the change of temperature test per 9.1.3 of GB/T 7261-2016; with the specified energizing quantities applied, functions and performance shall meet 4.6 and 4.7. 5.3 Temperature storage test: the equipment is unpacked and not energized. According to 4.1.2, it is stored at -40 °C for 16 h per GB/T 7261-2016, recovered for 2 h at room temperature, then stored at +70 °C for 16 h and recovered for 2 h; appearance and electrical performance shall then comply with 4.5, 4.6 and 4.7.

5.4 Overload capability test: according to 4.3, by the method of 14.1 of GB/T 7261-2016; after the test there shall be no insulation damage and functions and performance shall comply with 4.6 and 4.7. 5.5 Power consumption test: according to Clause 7 of GB/T 7261-2016; results shall meet 4.4. 5.6 DC power supply influence test: according to 4.2, by the method of Clause 10 of GB/T 7261-2016. 5.7 Output relay test: by the method of 7.10 of GB/T 7261-2016; results shall meet 4.5.3. 5.8 Equipment functions: functional tests are made with test equipment, with methods and items defined by the product standard or manufacturer's documentation; functions shall meet Clause 4 and the relevant standards. 110 kV protection equipment shall undergo dynamic simulation tests according to GB/T 26864; under all fault conditions the equipment shall operate correctly with correct signal indication, and its main functions shall comply with 4.6 and 4.7.

5.9 Communication and protocol tests. 5.9.1 Protocol conformance: 5.9.1.1 IEC 61850 conformance test by the method of DL/T 860.10; 5.9.1.2 DL/T 634 conformance test by the method of DL/T 634.56, according to the enterprise product standard; 5.9.1.3 Modbus conformance and interoperability tests by the methods of GB/T 25919.1 and GB/T 25919.2, according to the enterprise product standard; 5.9.1.4 other protocols according to their respective protocol standards. 5.9.2 Communication performance.

5.9.2.1 Information response time: a) toggle any test switch on the status signal simulator, observe the corresponding telesignal bit change at the simulated master station, subtract the internal processing delay reported by the simulated master and record the time from switch action to bit change; b) apply a step signal to the power-frequency AC input circuit from 0% to 90% of the higher nominal value, or from 100% to 10%, observe the value change at the simulated master, subtract its internal processing delay and record the time from step application to value change; c) apply fault quantities until the protection operates, observe the operation record at the simulated master and record the time from fault application to upload of the operation information, minus the protection time delay setting and the internal processing delay of the simulated master. 5.9.2.2 Communication with multiple masters: establish connections with the maximum number of master stations supported and carry out analogue, status, digital and pulse input tests at several masters simultaneously, verifying that the SOE station resolution and information response time meet the functional requirements.

5.9.2.3 Remote control/adjustment response time: perform a remote control operation on the master station computer interface and record the time from the start of the operation to correct indication on the remote control execution indicator of the equipment. 5.9.2.4 File transfer time: apply fault quantities until the protection operates, call from the master station the disturbance recording file generated for this fault until it is completely received, and record the time from the file call to complete upload. 5.9.2.5 Avalanche test: connect the equipment to the master station, connect all hard-contact binary inputs in parallel together with all GOOSE binary input signals, open or close them simultaneously, changing once every 2 s for a number of consecutive times (as specified in the product technical requirements), and record the number of events logged on the master station interface. During this test the equipment is not in maintenance status and the quality of the GOOSE signals is normal.

5.9.3 Remote setting control tests. 5.9.3.1 Setting group switching: a) according to the number of setting groups supported, send remote switching commands, incrementing the target group number by 1 each time, until all groups have been switched; b) after each switch, read the settings remotely and check them. 5.9.3.2 Setting reading and modification: a) for all settings of any non-active group, add the minimum step to the existing value; b) after modification, read the settings and compare them with the modified values; c) repeat for all non-active groups, incrementing the group number by 1; d) during modification apply suitable voltage and current values to the equipment and check its operating behaviour. 5.9.3.3 Link switching: a) switch off all remotely switchable links; b) read the link status and check success; c) switch on all remotely switchable links; d) read the link status and check success.

5.9.3.4 Remote setting control abnormal tests: a) simultaneous modification remotely and locally, checking the resulting settings; b) erroneous setting input (including out-of-range): remotely set the n-th setting to an illegal value (below the minimum or above the maximum permitted) with the other settings legal, and check the result, for n = 1 to N, where N is the number of settings; c) communication interruption during group switching and setting modification: interrupt communication between the remote master and the equipment while switching and modification commands are being sent, and check the result; d) power system fault during group switching and setting modification: 1) apply voltages and currents such that the equipment would not operate with the settings before switching or modification but would operate with the new settings, and check the behaviour; 2) apply voltages and currents such that the equipment would operate with the settings before switching or modification but would not operate with the new settings, and check the behaviour.

5.9.4 Communication reliability tests. 5.9.4.1 Communication reliability: at the simulated master repeat the following several times (as per product requirements): a) call the settings of the active group; b) call the same disturbance recording file; c) remote control/adjust the same object. 5.9.4.2 Simulated status changes: simulate status changes repeatedly at the equipment and verify that all changes and event information are uploaded to the simulated master. 5.9.4.3 Communication buffer capacity: a) establish communication with the maximum permitted number of simulated masters; b) with communication established, and using the SOE resolution as interval, simulate a number of changes equal to the maximum number of buffered changes plus 1, and check at each master that all events are uploaded; c) disconnect communication, simulate offline the maximum number of buffered changes plus 1, and after reconnection check at each master that all events are uploaded completely.

5.9.4.4 Concurrent task capability: with the maximum number of simulated masters connected, simultaneously: a) change all telesignals; b) drive all telemetry beyond limits or dead bands; c) send remote control/adjustment commands; d) operate the main protection; e) start disturbance or message recording and transfer files to each master; f) check at each master that all telesignal changes and protection events are complete, commands are executed and recording files are uploaded completely. 5.9.4.5 Recovery from disturbed communication: during a) setting modification, b) remote control/adjustment, c) recording file transfer, d) switch changes and e) protection event upload, interrupt communication and check that the equipment keeps running normally without wrong setting changes or maloperation, and that after recovery it re-establishes communication with the simulated master, responds to new setting, control/adjustment and file call commands, and retransmits all unacknowledged events.

5.9.5 Information exchange and security tests. 5.9.5.1 Requirements: according to 4.6.9, information exchange and security testing is performed with a network tester on top of the existing network traffic, and includes network performance, network attack and protocol security testing, using the test topology of Figure 1. The station-level and process-level switches use a test configuration: storm control for broadcast, multicast and unknown unicast is disabled, suitable mirror ports are configured, and VLANs ensure that the test traffic is received only by the equipment under test, guaranteeing a stable test environment and correct results. Figure 1 shows the test topology: back-end monitoring at the station control layer; the station-level switch linked by MMS to the device under test at bay level and mirrored to a fault recorder/network analyser; the process-level switch carrying SV and subscribed GOOSE from a process-layer data simulation system (merging unit with AC inputs and intelligent terminal with binary inputs and trip signals); and a network performance tester, network attack tester and protocol security tester injecting network storms, network attacks and MMS and GOOSE/SV protocol robustness tests into the station-level and process-level networks.

5.9.5.2 Process-level network stress with non-subscribed messages: apply non-subscribed GOOSE, SV, ARP and similar messages to the networking port, with injected traffic equal to 100 M minus existing traffic, for not less than 2 min; during the test simulate internal and external faults and faults related to each subscribed GOOSE control block; performance shall meet 4.6.9.1. 5.9.5.3 Process-level network stress with subscribed GOOSE messages, for not less than 2 min, performance per 4.6.9.1: a) one or more subscribed GOOSE messages (StNum and SqNum unchanged) with injected traffic of 100 M minus existing traffic; b) a single subscribed GOOSE non-protection test message (StNum unchanged, SqNum incrementing), one GOOSE change frame per control block every 0.833 ms; c) a single subscribed GOOSE non-protection test message (StNum incrementing, SqNum 0), one frame every 0.833 ms. 5.9.5.4 Process-level network stress with subscribed SV messages: apply a single subscribed SV message (SmpCnt and content unchanged) to the point-to-point port with injected traffic of 100 M minus existing traffic for not less than 2 min. The protection shall not be affected by the repeated subscribed messages: it shall run normally without maloperation, false messages, hang-up, restart or abnormal panel alarms; during the stress it shall operate reliably for internal faults and not maloperate for external faults.

5.9.5.5 Limit stress with subscribed messages: a) apply a single subscribed GOOSE non-protection test message (StNum unchanged, SqNum incrementing) to the networking port, injected traffic 100 M minus existing traffic, for not less than 2 min; during the stress the equipment shall meet 4.6.9.1, and after removal of the stress its performance with energizing quantities applied shall meet 4.7; b) the same with StNum incrementing and SqNum 0. 5.9.5.6 Station-level network stress: inject broadcast messages (ARP, UDP) into the switch port at 100 M minus existing traffic; performance shall meet 4.6.9.1 and 4.7. 5.9.6 Network attack test: a network attack tester performs penetration and attack tests on the equipment through the station-level and process-level networks, including at least DDoS attacks, ARP attacks and other common attacks; performance shall meet 4.6.9.2. 5.9.7 Protocol security test: a protocol security tester performs MMS/GOOSE/SV protocol security tests through both networks, feeding invalid, erroneous and malformed data and data structures in negative black-box testing to detect potential protocol vulnerabilities and defects and verify robustness, security and reliability; performance shall meet 4.6.9.2.

5.10 Equipment performance test: under all test conditions the equipment shall operate correctly with correct signal indication, and its performance shall meet 4.7, 4.8 and the relevant product standards. 5.11 Safety requirements test: by the method of 7.16 of DL/T 478-2013; results shall meet 4.8. 5.12 Insulation performance test: according to 4.9 and GB/T 14598.27-2008, perform the impulse voltage test and dielectric strength test and measure the insulation resistance. 5.13 EMC tests: 5.13.1 damped oscillatory wave immunity, 5.13.2 electrostatic discharge immunity, 5.13.3 radiated electromagnetic field immunity, 5.13.4 electrical fast transient/burst immunity, 5.13.5 surge (impulse) immunity, 5.13.6 voltage dips and interruptions and 5.13.7 power-frequency magnetic field immunity are all performed by the methods of Clause 7 of GB/T 14598.26-2015; 5.13.8 pulse magnetic field immunity by the method of Clause 8 of GB/T 17626.9-2011; 5.13.9 damped oscillatory magnetic field immunity (heading only, no method given in the text); 5.13.10 conducted and radiated emission tests by the methods of Clause 7 of GB/T 14598.26-2015.

5.14 Damp heat tests. 5.14.1 Constant damp heat: according to 4.11, by 9.4 of GB/T 7261-2016, checking the ability to withstand prolonged exposure to high humidity. 5.14.2 Cyclic damp heat: according to 4.11, by 9.3 of GB/T 7261-2016, checking the ability to withstand exposure to high humidity with condensation. 5.15 Mechanical tests. 5.15.1 Vibration: according to 4.12 and GB/T 11287-2000, vibration response and vibration endurance tests. In the response test the equipment is energized, the variation of relevant performance is measured, and afterwards a visual inspection and a check of the effect on performance are made; in the endurance test the equipment is not energized, and when energized afterwards it shall work normally. 5.15.2 Shock: according to 4.12 and GB/T 14537, shock response and shock endurance; in the response test the equipment is energized and shall work normally; in the endurance test it is not energized and shall work normally when energized afterwards.

5.15.3 Bump: according to 4.12 and GB/T 14537; the equipment is not energized and shall work normally when energized afterwards. 5.16 Continuous energization test. 5.16.1 One of the following is chosen: a) at room temperature, the complete equipment energized for 100 h, or its functional modules energized for 100 h and then the complete equipment for a further 24 h; b) at +40 °C, 72 h for the complete equipment, or 72 h for the modules followed by 24 h for the complete equipment; c) at +50 °C, 48 h for the complete equipment, or 48 h for the modules followed by 12 h for the complete equipment. 5.16.2 During and after the test the equipment shall meet 4.13. 5.17 Structure and appearance: inspected item by item according to 4.5 and Clause 5 of GB/T 7261-2016. 5.18 Enclosure protection: checked according to 4.5.2 and the IP code requirements of GB/T 4208.

6 Inspection rules

6.1 Classification: inspection of the equipment is divided into routine (factory) inspection and type inspection. 6.2 Routine inspection. 6.2.1 Each equipment shall undergo routine inspection by the manufacturer's quality inspection department before leaving the factory and may be dispatched only when confirmed as conforming; conforming products shall carry a certificate of conformity. 6.2.2 The routine inspection items are given in Table 1.

Table 1 (inspection items) lists, for each item, the technical requirement clause, the test method clause and whether it is part of routine and/or type inspection: 1 temperature test (4.1.1, 5.2) type; 2 temperature storage test (4.1.2, 5.3) type; 3 structure and appearance inspection (4.5, 5.17) routine and type; 4 equipment function and performance tests (4.6, 4.7; 5.8, 5.10) routine and type; 5 power system simulation tests (4.6.2, 4.6.3, 4.6.4; 5.8, 5.10) type, notes a and c; 6 accuracy check of measuring elements (4.7; 5.8, 5.10) routine and type; 7 overload capability test (4.3, 5.4) type; 8 power consumption test (4.4, 5.5) type; 9 DC power supply influence test (4.2, 5.6) type; 10 safety requirements test (4.8, 5.11) routine (note f) and type; 11 insulation performance test (4.9, 5.12) routine (notes b and e) and type; 12 EMC tests (4.10, 5.13) type (note c); 13 damp heat tests (4.11, 5.14) type (note d); 14 mechanical tests (4.12, 5.15) type; 15 continuous energization test (4.13, 5.16) routine.

Notes to Table 1: a) for equipment required to undergo this test; b) only insulation resistance measurement and withstand voltage test; c) performed before type approval of new products of the 110 kV voltage class; d) either the constant or the cyclic damp heat test; e) if necessary the dielectric withstand test may be repeated on new equipment, at 0.75 times the originally specified test voltage or as stated by the manufacturer; f) in the routine test only safety marking inspection, dielectric strength, insulation resistance and protective bonding continuity are tested.

6.3 Type inspection. 6.3.1 Type inspection is used to verify new hardware or software designs against the equipment specification and standards. 6.3.2 It includes safety type tests and may be performed by the manufacturer or by a suitably qualified independent test laboratory. 6.3.3 Compliance with safety type test requirements may be checked by appropriate tests, measurements, visual inspection or assessment, and technical justification. 6.3.4 Type inspection shall be performed in any of the following cases: a) before type approval of a new product; b) before type approval when production is transferred to another factory; c) after series production starts, when major changes in design, process, materials or components may affect product performance; d) when required by contract. 6.3.5 When type testing one product of a series, coverage of the whole series should be fully considered, and a risk assessment document shall state which type tests are valid for the whole series and which additional tests the other products need. 6.3.6 If the equipment has passed type inspection and its design, components, process, materials or software are unchanged, type inspection should not be repeated; if any of these change, a risk assessment shall be made and documented, stating which type tests remain valid and which must be repeated. 6.3.7 Type inspection samples shall be drawn at random from conforming samples of the same batch.

6.3.8 Conformity assessment: a) if no sample with a major defect is found, the batch or test samples are judged conforming; b) a major defect is a performance or function that does not comply with this standard and the relevant enterprise technical standards and can only be eliminated by replacing important components or making major software changes, or that normally cannot be repaired (excluding wearing parts); all other defects are general defects; c) in each inspection or check, general defects shall not exceed 20% of the number of items checked, otherwise a major defect is counted; d) for safety type tests the acceptance criterion is zero defects for a pass, one defect for a fail. 6.3.9 The type inspection items are specified in Table 1. For new product development and before type approval, all tests in Table 1 are performed; for type inspections with other purposes, the test items may be determined by analysis and assessment or by agreement, according to the situation and purpose.

7 Marking, packaging, transport and storage

7.1 Marking. 7.1.1 Durable and legible markings and a nameplate shall be placed at a prominent position on the case, including: a) product model and name; b) full name and trademark of the manufacturer; c) year and month of manufacture and serial number; d) ratings and main parameters; e) identification of external terminals and interfaces (numbers, abbreviations, etc.); f) safety symbols selected as appropriate. 7.1.2 The packing case shall be marked with paint that does not easily wash off or peel, as follows: a) consignor name, product model and name; b) consignee name, address and destination station; c) outer dimensions (length x width x height) and gross weight; d) markings such as "keep dry", "this way up" and "handle with care"; e) marking of the permitted number of stacking layers. 7.1.3 The standard to which the product conforms shall be stated. 7.1.4 Markings and symbols shall comply with GB/T 191, and safety symbols also with GB/T 14598.27-2008.

7.2 Packaging. 7.2.1 The equipment shall be wrapped in plastic as inner packaging and placed firmly in the outer packing case, cushioned all round with shock-absorbing material. 7.2.2 The packing case shall comply with GB/T 13384; the case shall be packed completely according to the packing documents list and packing list; accessories, documents and data supplied with the equipment shall be placed in a moisture-proof document bag inside the case. 7.2.3 The packaging shall meet the transport requirements specified in GB/T 4798.2. 7.3 Transport: transport of the equipment shall comply with GB/T 4798.2. 7.4 Storage. 7.4.1 The storage place shall be dry, clean and ventilated and shall prevent the ingress of harmful gases; storage together with corrosive articles is prohibited. 7.4.2 Packed equipment shall be stored at a relative humidity not greater than 85% and an ambient air temperature of -20 °C to +55 °C.

8 Documents supplied with the product

The documents and items supplied with the equipment shall include: a) packing list; b) packing documents, documentation list and documentation; c) electrical schematic or wiring diagram of the equipment; d) factory certificate of conformity; e) spares and spare parts supplied according to the spares list or contract (for example components, wearing parts, test plug-ins, terminal blocks and prefabricated leads), installation accessories and special tools; f) product user manual.

9 Quality guarantee

Provided the user complies with the transport and storage rules specified in this standard and in the product manual, if the equipment or its accessories suffer damage not caused by human action within two years from the date of delivery or within one year from the date of installation and commissioning (whichever expires first), the manufacturer shall repair or replace them free of charge.