GB/T 24945-2021Tri-wheel vehicles - General specifications (English PDF)

1 Scope

This document specifies the requirements for code rule, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, delivery, transport and storage of tri-wheel vehicles.

This document is applicable to tri-wheel vehicles.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document, including any amendments, applies.

GB/T 2828.1 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection · GB/T 18386 Electric vehicles - Energy consumption and range - Test procedures · GB/T 19119 Tri-wheel vehicles and low-speed goods vehicles - Prescription for installation of lighting and light signalling devices · GB/T 19123 Tri-wheel vehicles and low-speed goods vehicles - Photometric characteristics of turn signal lamps · GB/T 19124 Tri-wheel vehicles and low-speed goods vehicles - Head lamps · GB/T 19125 Tri-wheel vehicles and low-speed goods vehicles - Photometric characteristics of front and rear position lamps, stop lamps · GB/T 19129 Tri-wheel vehicles and low-speed goods vehicles - Electric horn - Performance requirement and methods · GB/T 19134 Tri-wheel vehicles and low-speed goods vehicles - Rear view mirrors - Requirements of performance and installation · GB/T 19135 Tri-wheel vehicles and low-speed goods vehicles - Photometric characteristics of reversing lamps · GB/T 20234.1 Connection set for conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 1: General requirements · GB/T 20234.2 Connection set for conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 2: AC charging coupler · GB/T 21422 Tri-wheel vehicles - Operating position dimensions of driver · GB/T 23918 Tri-wheel vehicles - Location, maximum actuating forces and operating method of controls · GB/T 23922 Low-speed vehicles - Manufacturer's plate · GB/T 23923 Tri-wheel vehicles and low-speed goods vehicles - Generator · GB/T 23930 Tri-wheel vehicles - Steering gear · GB/T 23931 Tri-wheel vehicles - Test method · GB/T 24157 Test methods of range and indication for the state of charge for electric motorcycles and electric mopeds · GB/T 24939 Tri-wheel vehicle self-unloading system - Safety requirements · GB/T 31486 Electrical performance requirements and test methods for traction battery of electric vehicle · JB/T 9832.2 Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - Paints adherence performance - Cross-cut test · JB/T 10197 Tri-wheel vehicles - Code rule · JB/T 11223 Tri-wheel vehicles and low-speed goods vehicles - Facade quality requirements · JB/T 11224 Tri-wheel vehicles - Examining and assessing methods of reliability · JB/T 11475 Agricultural sprinkling irrigation vehicle - General specifications · JB/T 13160 Low-speed vehicles - Garbage collection vehicle · QC/T 792 Motors and controllers for electric motorcycles and electric mopeds · QC/T 895 On-board conductive charger for electric vehicles

3 Terms and definitions

No terms and definitions are listed in this document.

4 Code rule

The code composition and rule of tri-wheel vehicles shall meet the provisions of JB/T 10197.

6 Test methods

Tests for dimensions and mass parameters, starting, power, coasting, handling and braking performance, environmental pollution, dump body performance, noise and cab sealing shall follow GB/T 23931.

Headlamp inspection follows GB/T 19124, and the photometric performance of external lighting and signalling devices GB/T 19123, GB/T 19125 and GB/T 19135.

Leakage of oil and air is inspected after the vehicle has run continuously for not less than 10 km, no obvious leakage being allowed after 5 min parked; for water, no obvious seepage shall be observed at the water tank, water pump, cylinder block, cylinder head, heating device and all connections during operation and after switching off the engine.

Appearance quality follows JB/T 11223 and paint adhesion JB/T 9832.2; safety item inspections are specified in GB 18320 and reliability tests follow JB/T 11224.

Fuel consumption of diesel-engined vehicles is specified in GB 21377; the energy consumption rate and driving range of electric vehicles follow GB/T 18386. Performance tests of special devices follow standards such as JB/T 11475 and JB/T 13160.

A short-term overload test is carried out on the motor of electric vehicles at rated voltage and full operation, at 2.5 times the rated current for 1 min, with no abnormal operation after restarting. Tests for on-board energy storage devices, functional safety, protection and protection of persons against electric shock are specified in GB 18384.

Motors and controllers follow QC/T 792, power batteries GB/T 31486, conductive charging connection devices and charging interfaces GB/T 20234.1 and GB/T 20234.2, on-board chargers QC/T 895, radio disturbance characteristics GB 14023, and driving range and residual charge indication GB/T 24157. Other test items are conducted by visual inspection or other conventional methods.

7 Inspection rules

Ex-factory inspection: each vehicle shall pass inspection before leaving the factory and be accompanied by a quality certificate document or mark. At least all the items marked in the ex-factory inspection column of Table 2 shall be inspected, and all shall be qualified for the conformity certificate to be issued.

Type inspection is carried out on the finalisation and certification of a new product; on the trial production and certification of an established product made at a new location or in a transferred factory; after formal production, where significant changes in structure, materials or processes may affect quality; when production resumes after a stoppage of more than one year; when the ex-factory inspection result differs significantly from the previous type inspection; for quality monitoring during normal production, with reliability tests at least once every three years and other item inspections at least once a year; and when required by the national quality supervision authorities.

Inspection items: for a new-product inspection two prototype vehicles are required, one tested for performance and assembly quality, both then undergoing reliability tests; for the other cases two prototypes are tested for performance, assembly quality and reliability, at the specified intervals where applicable. The items are those of the type inspection column of Table 2.

Nonconformity classification: items that do not meet the requirements are classed A, B or C according to their influence on the quality characteristics of the product, as named in Table 2.

Sampling and judgment (Table 3): the inspection level is S-1 and the sample size 2; the acceptance quality limit is 6.5 for class A with acceptance number 0 and rejection number 1, 40 for class B with 2 and 3, and 65 for class C with 3 and 4.

For normal batch production the prototype vehicles are sampled at random from the inspection lot, all of whose products shall have been made within the past six months; they are generally taken from the finished product warehouse or the end of the production line, one or two spares may be taken as well, and they shall be products that have passed the ex-factory inspection.

Judgment rules: during the inspection and testing, including the running-in period, each fatal failure due to product quality counts as one class A nonconformity, each serious failure as one class B and each common failure as one class C, without double counting against Table 3. Failures in the reliability tests are used only to calculate the reliability indicators. Where a Table 2 item has several sub-items, the item is nonconforming if any sub-item is. Where a class A nonconformity occurs, the inspection may be stopped and the batch judged nonconforming. The batch sample is judged qualified where the number of nonconforming items in each class is not greater than the corresponding acceptance number.

8 Delivery

Each vehicle shall pass inspection by the manufacturer's quality department and have a conformity certificate issued before leaving the factory; the delivery status shall be agreed between the user and the manufacturer.

For each vehicle leaving the factory the manufacturer shall provide the operator's manual, the list of parts or vulnerable parts determined by consultation between the user and the manufacturer, the product conformity certificate, the list of spare parts, accessories and on-board tools, and, where necessary, the packing list.

Each vehicle leaving the factory shall be equipped with complete spare parts, accessories and on-board tools.

9 Transportation and storage

Tri-wheel vehicles may be transported with the front wheels and shock absorbers, the cargo box, the rear wheels and the engine removed; all control and connection devices on the chassis shall remain in their original ex-factory accepted state.

Vehicles in transportation, including spare parts, accessories and on-board tools, shall be protected against damage and loss during normal transport.

Under dry and ventilated storage conditions the manufacturer shall ensure an anti-corrosion period of not less than 12 months from the date of leaving the factory, for the vehicles and for their spare parts, accessories, on-board tools and special tools.