GB/Z 42692-2023Courtyard gazebo (English PDF)

Foreword

This document was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020, Directives for standardization - Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the China National Light Industry Council.

The drafting organizations of this document are Zhejiang Topsun Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Taizhou Donghaixiang Dyeing and Finishing Co., Ltd., Ningbo Wanhui Leisure Products Co., Ltd., Jiwei Leisure Products Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Yotrio Group Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Linya Co., Ltd., Guangdong Heshan Daguangming Umbrella Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Palm Beach Camping Products Co., Ltd., Heshan Chuangshun Hardware Umbrella Co., Ltd., Quzhou Tianye Outdoor Products Co., Ltd., Heshan Tongxin Industrial Co., Ltd., Heshan Wenxing Hardware Umbrella Co., Ltd., Heshan Yuehan Umbrella Co., Ltd., Heshan Xing'an Travel Products Co., Ltd., Heshan Fugang Outdoor Products Co., Ltd., Dongguan Institute of Quality and Technical Supervision Standards and Coding (Guangdong Province), Glen Raven Textile Technology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Beijing Jingdong Century Information Technology Co., Ltd., SGS-CSTC Standards Technical Services (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Youpin Testing Co., Ltd., Yangzhou Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute and China Gift and Leisure Products Industry Association.

The main drafters of this document are Yang Baoqing, Xiang Jian, Shao Chunsheng, Qiu Wenfang, Wang Dingke, Zhao Niangao, He Jianming, Feng Yilong, Pang Shan, Wang Wenhui, Lei Liping, Li Tianwen, Gong Mingxin, Qiu Lai'an, Deng Ziqiang, Lu Geng, Zhong Cailin, Tang Xuqi, Zhang Lin, Gan Lei and Yang Fan.

Introduction

Courtyard gazebos are widely used in leisure, culture and sports, tourism and entertainment. They account for a considerable share of tent products and are an important category within them.

This document was prepared so as to remain consistent with the existing system of standards while aiming to be well regulated, highly practicable and suited to the current state of the industry, with the purpose of improving the quality of courtyard gazebo products and supporting the development of the industry.

1 Scope

This document specifies the product classification of courtyard gazebos and the technical requirements for raw materials, appearance, product completeness, dimensions, performance and structure; it describes the test methods and specifies the inspection rules, marking, instructions for use, packaging, transport and storage.

This document applies to courtyard gazebos composed of a frame and a canopy, intended mainly for use in outdoor courtyards, which stand independently and are not attached to a building.

This document does not apply to gazebos for buildings.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies.

GB/T 2828.1-2012 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection; GB/T 2829-2002 Sampling procedures and tables for periodic inspection by attributes (apply to inspection of process stability); GB/T 3880.1-2012 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy plates, sheets and strips for general engineering - Part 1: General requirements; GB/T 3917.3 Textiles - Tear properties of fabrics - Part 3: Determination of tear force of trapezoid-shaped test specimens; GB/T 3920 Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Colour fastness to rubbing; GB/T 3923.1 Textiles - Tensile properties of fabrics - Part 1: Determination of maximum force and elongation at maximum force using the strip method; GB/T 4744 Textiles - Testing and evaluation for waterproofness - Hydrostatic pressure method; GB/T 4745 Textiles - Testing and evaluation for waterproofness - Spray test method.

GB/T 5237.4-2017 Wrought aluminium alloy extruded profiles for architecture - Part 4: Powder coating profiles; GB/T 5713 Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Colour fastness to water; GB/T 6543 Single and double corrugated boxes for transport packages; GB/T 6739 Paints and varnishes - Determination of film hardness by pencil test; GB/T 6836 Sewing threads; GB/T 6893 Aluminium and aluminium alloy cold drawn (rolled) tubes; GB/T 8427 Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Colour fastness to artificial light: Xenon arc; GB/T 8631 Textiles - Determination of dimensional change of fabrics after soaking in cold water; GB/T 10125 Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres - Salt spray tests; GB/T 13452.2-2008 Paints and varnishes - Determination of film thickness.

GB/T 13773.2 Textiles - Seam tensile properties of fabrics and made-up textile articles - Part 2: Determination of maximum force to seam rupture using the grab method; GB/T 13793 Longitudinally electric resistance welded steel tubes; GB/T 18830 Textiles - Evaluation for solar UV radiation protective properties; GB/Z 27735-2022 Camping tents; GB/T 32599 Test method for detachment strength of textile accessories; GB/T 35450-2017 Polycarbonate films and sheets; GB/T 50344-2019 Technical standard for inspection of building structure; QB/T 2171-2014 Metal zippers; QB/T 2172-2014 Injection moulded zippers; QB/T 2173-2014 Nylon zippers.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1 courtyard gazebo. A tent used in an outdoor courtyard, having a roof-type structure with open sides, standing independently without being attached to a building and providing shade; some products also offer rain protection. Note: hereinafter referred to as "gazebo".

3.2 frame. The collective term for the posts, connecting tubes and roof tubes that support the gazebo.

4 Product classification

4.1 By frame material, gazebos are classified as gazebos with a frame of longitudinally electric welded steel tube (or iron tube), of aluminium alloy, or of other materials.

4.2 By structure and canopy material, gazebos are classified as: a) folding gazebos, whose canopy is usually of textile material and which can be folded for storage; b) fixed gazebos, whose canopy is usually of aluminium-plastic panel, PC (polycarbonate) sheet, iron sheet, etc., and which cannot be folded for storage.

5 Requirements

5.1 Raw materials. 5.1.1 Canopy: the canopy material of the gazebo shall comply with 5.5.1 and the relevant material standards. 5.1.2 Frame: the frame is usually made of aluminium alloy, longitudinally electric welded steel tube (or iron tube) or other materials. Aluminium alloy tube frames shall comply with the relevant requirements of GB/T 6893; welded steel tube (or iron tube) frames shall comply with the relevant requirements of GB/T 13793; frames of other materials shall comply with the relevant material standards. 5.1.3 Sewing thread: the quality of sewing thread shall comply with GB/T 6836.

5.2 Appearance. 5.2.1.1 The canopy of a folding gazebo shall be flat, clean and uniform in colour, free from defects such as skipped yarns, skipped stitches, broken yarns, holes and stains; the canopy of a fixed gazebo shall be flat, smooth and free from burrs, and the coated or plated surface shall be free from rust or damage. 5.2.1.2 The surface of the frame shall be clean and flat, without burrs or obvious colour difference. 5.2.2.1 Tube surfaces shall be smooth, without cracks or nodules; the paint film shall not expose the substrate and shall have no obvious sagging, wrinkling, colour difference, peeling or re-rusting; bends shall have smooth arcs.

5.2.2.2 All metal parts shall have clean surfaces without obvious abrasion, scratches or marked colour difference; in addition, metal surfaces shall show no burrs, deformation, cracking, sharp corners, sagging, exposed substrate, wrinkling, peeling or corrosion. 5.2.2.3 Connecting screws shall be smooth with no stripped threads; welds shall show no detached welds, false welds or burn-through; riveted joints shall have no missing or loose rivets. 5.2.3 Plastic parts: surfaces shall be smooth and flat, without obvious abrasion, scratches or colour difference, and free from burrs, deformation, cracking, sharp corners and similar defects.

5.3 Product completeness. The product shall be complete, with quantities consistent with those declared in the instructions for use; no parts or accessories shall be missing or detached.

5.4 Dimensions. Dimensional tolerances shall comply with Table 1; special requirements are agreed between supplier and purchaser. Table 1: canopy length and width tolerance +/-0.5 %; frame outer diameter +/-0.30 mm, wall thickness +/-0.10 mm, length +/-3 %; folded finished product size (length x width) +/-1.5 %; total zipper length +/-1.5 %.

5.5 Performance requirements. 5.5.1.1.1 The physical and chemical properties of textile canopies shall comply with Table 2: breaking strength (50 mm strip, GB/T 3923.1) warp >= 700 N, weft >= 500 N; tear strength (GB/T 3917.3) warp >= 20 N, weft >= 15 N; seam strength (GB/T 13773.2) >= 150 N; colour fastness to rubbing (GB/T 3920) dry >= grade 3-4, wet >= grade 3; colour fastness to water (GB/T 5713) colour change >= 3, staining >= 3; colour fastness to light (GB/T 8427) >= 3; UV protection (GB/T 18830) UPF > 40 and UVA transmittance < 5 %.

5.5.1.1.2 The coating on coated fabric shall be uniform and firmly bonded, without bubbles, delamination or peeling. 5.5.1.1.3 Sewing: polyester fabric shall have not less than 5 stitches per 25 mm, with 3 back-and-forth backstitches that overlap; seams shall not separate, bindings shall be complete, and there shall be no skipped stitches, broken threads or similar defects. 5.5.1.1.4 For gazebos declared as rainproof, waterproofness shall comply with Table 3: spray rating >= grade 4 (GB/T 4745); hydrostatic pressure resistance >= 35 kPa for the original sample (GB/T 4744) and >= 30 kPa after soaking (GB/T 4744 and GB/T 8631).

5.5.1.2 Other materials. PC polycarbonate sheet canopies shall withstand the impact of a (1.35 +/- 0.01) kg steel ball without cracking or damage. Steel sheet quality shall comply with Chapter 6 of GB/T 50344-2019; aluminium alloy with GB/T 3880.1-2012; wood panels with Chapter 8 of GB/T 50344-2019; plastic sheets with GB/T 35450-2017.

5.5.2 Accessories. 5.5.2.1 Coatings of easily touched metal parts shall comply with Table 4: for powder-coated parts, coating thickness >= 50 um, hardness H to 2H, adhesion <= grade 1, and after a 72 h neutral salt spray test no blistering, peeling or rust spots; for galvanized parts, after a 24 h neutral salt spray test no rust spots on the main surfaces (no thickness, hardness or adhesion requirement). 5.5.2.2 Where zippers are used, flat pull strength and slider pull-tab strength shall comply with QB/T 2171-2014, QB/T 2172-2014 or QB/T 2173-2014 according to the zipper material. 5.5.2.3 Accessories such as rope loops and metal eyelets shall have a detachment strength of not less than 200 N.

5.5.3 Rain resistance: gazebos marked as rainproof, after testing according to 6.5.3, shall show no dripping or leakage inside and no collapse or permanent structural damage. 5.5.4 Opening and closing: after testing according to 6.5.4, folding gazebos shall open and close smoothly without damage, deformation or detached parts. 5.5.5 Load-bearing strength: during and after testing according to 6.5.5, the gazebo shall not collapse or deform.

5.5.6 Frame durability: after testing according to 6.5.6, the gazebo shall install normally and be stable once installed, without loosened connectors, bending, cracking or permanent deformation. 5.5.7 Wind stability: after testing according to 6.5.7, the gazebo shall remain stable and open and close normally, without loosened connectors, bending, cracking or permanent deformation, and the fixing ropes shall not break.

5.6 Structural requirements. 5.6.1 Accessible edges and corners: all sharp edges and sharp points in accessible areas shall be suitably treated to avoid injury to users. 5.6.2 Holes and gaps: no hole or gap of 7 mm to 12 mm in size and more than 10 mm deep shall exist in any area accessible to the human body, and the bottom of the frame in contact with the ground shall be closed; tubular parts with a diameter outside 7 mm to 12 mm are excluded.

6 Test methods

6.1 Raw materials. 6.1.1 Canopy: materials are tested according to the relevant material standards. 6.1.2 Frame: aluminium alloy tube frames are inspected according to GB/T 6893, welded steel tube (or iron tube) frames according to GB/T 13793, and frames of other materials according to the relevant material standards. 6.1.3 Sewing thread: inspected according to GB/T 6836. 6.2 Appearance and 6.3 Product completeness: visual and tactile inspection. 6.4 Dimensions: length is measured with a steel tape, tube diameter with a vernier caliper and wall thickness with a tube wall thickness gauge; the difference from the nominal dimension is divided by the nominal dimension.

6.5.1.1 Textile canopies. 6.5.1.1.1 Physical and chemical properties are tested as specified in Table 2; for seam strength, specimens shall be taken from the finished product. 6.5.1.1.2 The coating of coated fabric is checked visually for uniformity, firm bonding, bubbles, delamination and peeling. 6.5.1.1.3 Sewing is checked visually and by touch; stitch density is checked by counting. 6.5.1.1.4 Rainproof gazebos are tested for waterproofness as specified in Table 3.

6.5.1.2 Other materials. 6.5.1.2.1 PC polycarbonate canopy impact test: a) take 2 specimens of equal size from the canopy, each at least 50 cm in each direction; b) condition one specimen at -10 C for 6 h and, within 5 min of removal, perform a falling ball impact test with a steel ball of 10 cm diameter and (1.35 +/- 0.01) kg mass dropped from 1 m; c) condition the other specimen at 40 C for 6 h and perform the same test within 5 min; d) after the test, inspect visually and by touch for cracking or damage. 6.5.1.2.2 to 6.5.1.2.5: steel sheet and wood panel canopies are tested according to GB/T 50344-2019, aluminium alloy canopies according to GB/T 3880.1-2012, and plastic sheet canopies according to GB/T 35450-2017.

6.5.2 Accessories. 6.5.2.1 Coating thickness of easily touched metal parts is tested according to 5.5 of GB/T 13452.2-2008; hardness according to GB/T 6739; adhesion by the cross-cut test according to the dry adhesion provisions of 5.4.5.1 of GB/T 5237.4-2017; corrosion resistance by the neutral salt spray test according to GB/T 10125. 6.5.2.2 Zipper flat pull strength and slider pull-tab strength are tested according to QB/T 2171-2014, QB/T 2172-2014 or QB/T 2173-2014 depending on the material. 6.5.2.3 Rope loops, metal eyelets and similar accessories are tested according to GB/T 32599.

6.5.3 Rain resistance. A spray system is set up as in Figure 1, with nozzles of the type in Figure 2. The gazebo is erected with the frame perpendicular to the ground and tested following the procedure of 8.3 of GB/Z 27735-2022 under these conditions: water pressure 300 kPa to 450 kPa; nozzle height 4.5 m to 5.0 m above the ground; nozzle spacing 1 m, with the spray area evenly covering the whole gazebo; water flow rate 60 L/(h m2); spray volume (6.0 +/- 0.5) L/min; spray duration 5 min. If other equipment is used, spray volume and coverage shall still meet this document. After the test, leakage, collapse and structural damage are checked visually and by touch.

Figure 1 (dimensions in cm) shows the spray system: a grid of nozzles in plan covering the gazebo outline, and in elevation the nozzles at 450 to 500 above the ground with the spray area extending 50 beyond each side of the gazebo. Figure 2 (dimensions in mm) shows the rain test nozzle: a spray head with a movable baffle, serpentine supply tube, pressure gauge, valve and counterweight, a spray head of diameter 100/102 with 0.5 mm holes arranged at 24 x 15 degrees = 360 degrees and 12 x 6 degrees 30 minutes = 78 degrees, 75.5 mm arm, 15 mm tube, 30 degree baffle swing and a distance of 300 to 500 to the specimen.

6.5.4 Opening and closing: fully opening and then fully closing the gazebo counts as one cycle; 10 consecutive cycles are performed, checking smoothness during the test and inspecting visually and by touch afterwards for damage, deformation or detached parts. 6.5.5 Load-bearing strength: with the gazebo installed in a fixed position, a weight is hung at its centre point for 30 min and then removed - 25 kg for folding gazebos and 50 kg for fixed gazebos, in still conditions; the gazebo is checked visually for collapse or deformation during and after the test.

6.5.6 Frame durability: following the instructions for use, the gazebo is assembled and dismantled 10 times (one assembly plus one dismantling counts as once); during and after the test it is checked visually and by touch for inability to install normally, difficulty in assembly or dismantling, instability after installation, loosened connectors, bending, cracking or permanent deformation.

6.5.7 Wind stability: the gazebo is installed according to the instructions and fixed to the ground. The wind test equipment consists of 4 fans, each 1 600 mm in diameter; the centre point of the 4 fans is 5 m from the centre point of the top edge of the specimen and aligned with it; wind speed is set to 20 km/h and applied for 5 min. Afterwards the gazebo is checked for stability, normal opening and closing, broken fixing ropes, loosened connectors, bending, cracking or permanent deformation. Figure 3 shows the test arrangement: wind test equipment, centre of the 4 fans, gazebo specimen and centre point of the top edge of the gazebo.

6.6 Structural requirements. 6.6.1 Accessible edges and corners: visual and tactile inspection. 6.6.2 Holes and gaps: inspected with the test probes shown in Figure 4, which are round-ended rods of 7 mm and 12 mm diameter.

7 Inspection rules

7.1 Inspection classification: product inspection is divided into factory inspection and type inspection. 7.2 Batching: an order batch of the same process, variety and specification constitutes one batch.

7.3 Factory inspection. 7.3.1 Factory inspection items are appearance (5.2), product completeness (5.3), dimensions (5.4), opening and closing (5.5.4) and sewing (5.5.1.1.3). 7.3.2 Factory inspection follows GB/T 2828.1-2012 with a normal inspection single sampling plan, general inspection level II and AQL 6.5; Table 5 gives lot size / sample size / Ac / Re: 16-25 / 5 / 1 / 2; 26-50 / 8 / 1 / 2; 51-90 / 13 / 2 / 3; 91-150 / 20 / 3 / 4; 151-280 / 32 / 5 / 6; 281-500 / 50 / 7 / 8; 501-1 200 / 80 / 10 / 11; 1 201-3 200 / 125 / 14 / 15. Lots of fewer than 16 pieces are inspected 100 %, with judgement according to GB/T 2828.1-2012.

7.4 Type inspection. 7.4.1 Type inspection covers all items of Chapter 5. 7.4.2 Type inspection shall be carried out in any of the following cases: a) trial production and type approval of a new product or of an existing product transferred to another factory; b) significant changes in process or raw materials that may affect product quality; c) once every 12 months in normal production; d) resumption of production after a stoppage of more than 6 months.

7.4.3 Type inspection samples shall be drawn from batches that passed factory inspection; sampling and judgement follow GB/T 2829-2002 as given in Table 6: discrimination level II, single sampling, sample size 4. For nonconformities in performance requirements: 1 item per sample unit, RQL 80, Ac 1, Re 2. For nonconformities in raw materials, appearance, dimensions and structure: 2 items per sample unit, RQL 100, Ac 2, Re 3.

8 Marking, instructions for use, packaging, transport and storage

8.1 Marking. 8.1.1 The product shall be accompanied by a certificate of conformity stating the product name, manufacturer (distributor), address and specification/model. 8.1.2 The outer package shall state the product name, manufacturer (distributor), address, production date, specification/model, structure and canopy material type, and the number of this document. For rainproof products, the word "rainproof" shall be marked on the outer package.

8.2 Instructions for use: the product shall be accompanied, in paper or electronic form, by instructions for use and precautions. Note: electronic instructions include CD, QR code, website, etc.

8.3 Packaging: packaging consists of inner and outer packaging; inner packaging is a plastic bag, and outer packaging is a corrugated box complying with GB/T 6543 or as required by the user. 8.4 Transport: the product shall be loaded and unloaded gently, protected from rolling, heavy pressure, rain and open flame, and shall not be transported together with corrosive goods. 8.5 Storage: the product shall be stored in a cool, dry warehouse, protected from rain, moisture and fire, and not stored together with corrosive goods.