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GB/T 6326-2023Tyre - Vocabulary (English PDF)

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Issued by

State Administration for Market Regulation

Level / Type

National · Recommended

Issue date

December 28, 2023

Implementation date

July 1, 2024

Scope

GB/T 6326-2023 (Tyre - Vocabulary) is available as an English-translated PDF.

GB/T 6326-2023 is the Chinese standard "Tyre - Vocabulary".

Its scope clause reads: This document defines terminology used in the tyre industry, including general terms and tyre classifications, tyre parts and components, tyre tread patterns, rims, tyre sizes, tyre performance and testing, tyre marking, tyre appearance defects, tyre use, tyre retreading and repair terms and their definitions.

This document applies to passenger car tyre, light truck tyre, truck and bus tyre, earth- mover tyre, agricultural tyre, industrial tyre, motorcycle tyre, electric bicycle tyre, cycle tyre, aircraft tyre.

Its clauses include general terms; tyre classification; tyre parts and components; tyre tread pattern; rims; tyre size; tyre performance and testing. It was issued by the State Administration for Market Regulation on 2023-12-28 and took effect on 2024-07-01.

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Document preview — GB/T 6326-2023

National Standard of the People's Republic of China

ICS: 83.160.01

Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation

Foreword...3
1 Scope...6
2 Normative references...6
3 General terms...6
4 Tyre classification...8
5 Tyre parts and components...16
6 Tyre tread pattern...21
7 Rims...23
8 Tyre size...25
9 Tyre performance and testing...29
10 Tyre marking...52
11 Tyre appearance defects...58
12 Tyre use...64
13 Tyre retreading and repair...72

1 Scope

This document defines terminology used in the tyre industry, including general terms and tyre classifications, tyre parts and components, tyre tread patterns, rims, tyre sizes, tyre performance and testing, tyre marking, tyre appearance defects, tyre use, tyre retreading and repair terms and their definitions.

2 Normative references

This document has no normative references.

3 General terms

3.1

Tyre

A circular elastic product mounted on a wheel or machine wheel.

3.2

New tyre

Tyre that are neither used nor retreaded.

3.3

Grown tyre

Tyre whose rim size has expanded due to use.

3.4

Pneumatic tyre

The tyre, whose inner cavity of the tyre needs to be filled with compressed gas or liquid and can maintain the pressure.

Note. Divided into tube tyre and tubeless tyre.

3.5

Solid tyre

Cavity-less tyre that use materials with different properties to fill the tyre carcass.

3.6

Tubeless tyre

Pneumatic tyre that do not require an inner tube.

4 Tyre classification

4.1 Classification by use

4.1.1

Normal tyre

Tyre designed for general use.

4.1.2

Special use tyre

Tyre designed mainly for use under off-road conditions, which can be used on mixed ordinary roads and off-roads, OR used under other special conditions.

Note. This type of tyre marking includes MPT (multi-purpose truck), ML (mining and logging), ET (extra tread), POR (professional off-road), MT (mud-terrain), RT (rugged- terrain), AT (all-terrain), etc.

4.1.3

Traction tyre

Tyre designed mainly for vehicle drive wheels, to maximize the transmission of vehicle power.

4.1.4

Professional off-road tyre

Tyre designed primarily for use in harsh off-road conditions.

Note. It is a kind of special purpose tyre.

4.1.5

Mud and snow tyre

The tyre, whose tyre pattern, tread compound, tyre structure are specially designed to provide better driving performance than ordinary tyre when driving in snowy, muddy or sandy areas.

4.1.6

Temporary-use spare tyre

The tyres, other than those installed on vehicles and used under specified driving conditions, are only used temporarily under limited driving conditions.

4.1.7

T-type temporary use spare tyre

The tyre, whose inflation pressure is higher than that of standard and reinforced tyre, is for temporary use only.

4.1.8

Snow tyre

Tyre which has specially designed tyre patterns, tread compounds or tyre structures that perform better than ordinary tyre, in terms of vehicle starting, handling and braking performance on icy and snowy roads or in cold conditions.

4.1.9

Ice tyre

Note. It is a kind of snow tyre.

4.1.10

Run flat tyre

Pneumatic tyres that are designed to travel under normal inflation conditions and can still travel a certain distance at a certain speed, under a lack of pressure condition.

4.1.11

Self-supporting run flat tyre

It is a pneumatic tyre, which is designed to be driven in a normal inflated state and can still travel a certain distance at a certain speed without any other accessories in a deflated state.

4.1.12

Internal support tyre

A tyre with supports in the inner cavity of the tyre.

4.2 Classification by structure

4.2.1

Structure type

Technical characteristics of tyre carcass.

Note. Including diagonal structure, bias-belted structure, radial structure, etc.

4.2.2

Diagonal tyre; bias-ply tyre

A pneumatic tyre in which the adjacent cords of the carcass ply and breaker intersect and are aligned at less than 90° with the tread centerline.

4.2.3

Bias-belted tyre; bias tyre

A pneumatic tyre in which the belt is composed of two or more layers of cord material that is basically inextensible, tightening the carcass ply in a bias structure.

4.2.4

Radial tyre

A pneumatic tyre in which the carcass ply cords are arranged at or close to 90° to the tread centerline and the belt is used to tighten the carcass.

4.3 Classification by matching vehicles or machinery or equipment

4.3.1

Passenger car tyre

Tyre designed primarily for use on passenger cars.

4.3.2

Truck and bus tyre

Tyre designed primarily for use on commercial vehicles and their trailers.

4.3.3

Light truck tyre

Tyre designed primarily for use on microcars or light commercial vehicles.

Note. It is a type of truck and bus tyre.

4.3.4

Earth-mover tyre

Tyre designed for use on wheeled construction machinery and construction vehicles.

Note. Construction machinery and vehicles are usually used for short-distance, low-speed, engineering operations on non-paved roads.

4.3.5

Industrial tyre

Tyre designed for use on industrial vehicles.

Note. Mainly divided into solid tyre and pneumatic tyre. Industrial vehicles are usually short-distance, low-speed, intermittent or periodic operation vehicles.

4.3.6

Agricultural tyre

Tyre designed for use on tractors, agricultural machinery, agricultural vehicles.

Note. Agricultural machinery and vehicles are usually used for low-speed operation machinery in various fields, such as farmland and sugarcane fields or for short-distance low- speed transportation operations in agricultural operating areas.

4.3.7

Logging tyre

Tyre designed for use on forestry machinery and forestry vehicles.

Note. Forestry machinery and vehicles are usually used for low-speed operations in various mountainous areas, such as forest areas and forest farms. It is a type of agricultural tyre.

4.3.8

Aircraft tyre

Pneumatic tyre designed for use on aircraft.

5 Tyre parts and components

Note. See Figure 1 and Figure 2 for schematic diagrams of tyre parts and components.

5.1

Bead heel Bead toe

5.2

Shoulder

The edge parts on both sides of the crown.

5.3

Sidewall

The part of the tyre between the tread and the bead.

5.4

Rim protector

Rim protection strip

A raised rubber strip on the sidewall of a tyre that protects the rim.

5.5

Bead heel

The part where the outside of the bead meets the fillet of the rim bead seat.

5.6

Bead toe

The tip portion on the inside of the bead.

5.7

Tread

The part of the tyre that is in contact with the ground.

5.8

Carcass

The pneumatic tyre structure usually consists of one or several layers of cords and wire rings (except sidewall rubber, tread rubber, belt or breaker).

5.9

Tyre inner surface

The inner surface of the cover.

5.10

Breaker

The rubber ply or layer between the tread and carcass of a diagonal tyre, which does not extend to the middle material layer of the bead.

6 Tyre tread pattern

Note. See Figure 3 for a schematic diagram of the tyre tread pattern.

Figure 3 -- Schematic diagram of tyre tread pattern

6.1

Tread pattern

A tread pattern, that is mainly composed of raised parts and groove parts and has good grip with the ground.

6.2

Transversal pattern

A pattern which has good longitudinal gripping performance, whose grooves are basically in the axial direction of tyre.

6.3

Longitudinal pattern

A pattern which has good transversal gripping performance, whose grooves are basically in the circumferential direction of tyre.

6.4

Off-road pattern

Pattern sipe

Pattern blockGroove

A pattern suitable for driving on non-paved roads.

6.5

Highway pattern

Pattern suitable for driving on paved roads.

6.6

On/off pattern

Special patterns suitable for various road conditions.

Note. For example, the pattern is a mixture of road pattern and off-road pattern, etc.

6.7

Traction pattern

Patterns with grooves deeper than ordinary patterns and better grip than ordinary patterns.

6.8

Directional pattern

Patterns which have requirements for direction of travel.

6.9

Asymmetric pattern

A pattern, whose entire tread pattern shape is not symmetrical about the tread centerline OR the pattern shape of each pitch is not symmetrical about the pitch center.

7 Rims

7.1

Measuring rim

The rims specified for each size of tyre in order to determine the basic size of the tyre.

7.2

Theoretical rim

A rim whose width has a specified ratio to the nominal cross-sectional width of the tyre.

7.3

Permitted rim

Rims that are permitted for use with tyre.

7.4

Nominal rim diameter

A numerical code indicating the rim diameter for reference only in tyre size calculations.

Note. For the rim diameter marked in the tyre and rim specification sign, see Appendix A.

7.5

Specified rim diameter

The diameter, which passes through the intersection of the extension line of the rim bead seat and the extension line of the inside of the rim.

7.6

Test rim

Rim for mounting tyre for testing.

7.7

Rim width

The straight-line distance between the inside of the rim on both sides of the rim.

8 Tyre size

8.1

Peripheral dimension

The outer circumference, cross-sectional width, and other external dimensions of the tyre, which measured when the tyre is installed on the specified rim and inflated to the specified pressure.

8.2

New tyre design dimension

Basic dimensions for tyre design.

8.3

Tyre maximum dimension in-service

The permanent expansion size of the tyre in use, which does not include deformation due to load, lateral force, centrifugal force.

Note. This dimension is used by vehicle manufacturers when designing tyre clearance.

8.4

Overall circumference

The circumference of the outermost surface of the tyre tread.

8.5

Overall diameter

The circumferential diameter of the outermost surface of the tyre.

8.6

Nominal overall diameter

The diameter of the outermost surface of the tread of tyre, after installed on the theoretical rim and inflated according to the specified inflation pressure, which is marked in the tyre size designation.

8.7

Section width

The maximum distance between the two outer sides of the tyre section, after inflated as specified, excluding the increased width of signs, decorative ribs, kerbing ribs.

Note. See Figure 4.

8.8

Nominal section width

The cross-sectional width of the tyre, after it is installed on the theoretical rim and inflated according to the specified inflation pressure.

Note. The cross-section width as identified in the tyre size designation.

8.9

Overall width

After inflating as specified, the maximum distance between the two outer sides of the tyre section, including the increased width of the sign, decorative rib, kerbing rib.

Note. See Figure 4.

8.10

Section height

After being inflated as specified, half the difference between the overall diameter of the tyre and the nominal rim diameter.

Note. See Figure 4.

9 Tyre performance and testing

9.1 General terminology for testing

9.1.1

Capped inflation test

The test in which the tyre is inflated to a certain cold inflation pressure, but no air pressure adjustment is made during the test.

9.1.2

Regulated inflation test

The test in which the tyre is inflated to a certain cold inflation pressure, meanwhile air pressure adjustment is made during the test.

9.2 Static load performance

9.2.1

Vertical load

The normal reaction force exerted by the tyre on its contact patch.

9.2.2

Static loaded performance

In the stationary state, the relationship between vertical load, tyre deformation and ground contact area.

9.2.3

Static loaded radius

The vertical distance from the center of the wheel axle to the supporting plane, under vertical load of static tyre.

9.2.4

Deflection

After the tyre is inflated as specified, the decrease of section height under the action of static load.

9.2.5

Deflection ratio

The ratio of deflection to tyre section height.

9.2.6

Loaded section width

The width of the tyre section under vertical load.

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This preview omits tables, figures, formulas and parts of the technical clauses. The complete document — 72 pages — is available in the English PDF.

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