GB/T 41344.1-2022Safety of machinery—Risk early-warning—Part 1: General requirements (English PDF)

1 Scope

This document specifies the basic principles, basic requirements, risk early-warning process, early-warning monitoring, early-warning systematics, and early-warning measures of risk warning of machinery safety.

This document applies to risk early-warning under the conditions of people, machines, the environment, and their combined effects.

2 Normative references

The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is applicable to this standard.

GB/T 15706-2012 Safety of machinery -- General principles for design -- Risk assessment and risk reduction

GB/T 16855.1 Safety of machinery -- Safety-related parts of control systems -- Part 1: General principles for design

GB/T 30174-2013 Safety of machinery -- Terms

GB/T 41344.2-2022 Safety of machinery -- Risk early-warning -- Part 2: Monitor

GB/T 41344.3-2022 Safety of machinery -- Risk early-warning -- Part 3: Classification

GB/T 41344.4-2022 Safety of machinery -- Risk early-warning -- Part 4: Measures

3 Terms and definitions

The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 30174-2013 and the followings apply to this document.

8 Cost-benefit analysis

Cost-benefit analysis helps to establish accurate key performance indices and benchmarks to measure the feasibility and effectiveness of any risk early-warning system. The main considered factors are:

--- The cost of loss of personnel and machines due to risks;

--- The cost of production loss;

--- The cost of affected production efficiency;

--- The whole life cycle cost of the risk early-warning system.

9 Early-warning monitoring

Early-warning monitoring mainly includes the determination of monitoring variables, data collection, data manipulation, data analysis, data output, etc. The following contents need to be considered.

a) Determination of monitoring variables. The monitoring variables mainly include the status information of people, the status information of machines, and the status information of the environment. The factors to be considered are:

--- The main factors that generate the risk;

--- The feasibility of technical realization;

--- The economy of monitoring.

b) Determination of measuring technique. There may be one or more measuring techniques that are applicable to a specific monitoring variable; the factors to be considered are:

--- The total value of measuring the monitoring variables;

--- The time average of measuring the monitoring variables;

--- The time interval of measurement;

--- Data collection rate;

--- Monitoring method;

--- Monitoring system;

--- High sensitivity to changes in the status information of monitoring variables;

--- Repeatability of the measurement;

--- Installation method of the monitoring system;

--- For the unmeasurable, alternative measures shall be adopted;

--- Economy of the monitoring system.

c) Determination of monitored area. The position where the output data of the status information of the monitoring variables are stable shall be selected as the monitored area; the factors that need to be considered are known as:

--- Security;

--- Selection of the sensors and their installation location;

--- Reduction of the sensitivity to other influences;

--- Signal attenuation or loss;

--- Environment;

--- Economy.

d) The accurate judgment of the measurement values of the monitoring variables.

The factors that need to be considered in the judgment of the accuracy of measurement parameters of risk early-warning monitoring variables for the safety of machinery are:

--- The errors in a measuring system, such as poor sensor installation, sensor failure, signal line failure, etc.;

--- The format of data output;

--- Record of measured values;

--- Unit of measured values;

--- Date and time of measured values;

--- Data processing method of measured values;

--- Correction of measurement parameters of monitoring variables.

The risk early-warning monitoring of the safety of machinery shall meet the requirements of GB/T 41344.2-2022.

10 Early-warning systematics

Early-warning systematics mainly includes determination of risk value calculation model, weight determination, determination of the boundary of the early-warning level, calculation of risk value, the output of early-warning level, etc.; the followings need to be considered.

a) Determination of calculation model of risk values. Comprehensively consider the three elements of people, machines, and the environment, and select the appropriate calculation model of risk values according to the actual needs. The factors that need to be considered in the model are as follows:

--- Determination of element indices;

--- People, machines, the environment, and their combined effects;

--- Dynamics of element weights;

--- Normalization of model calculation results.

b) Weight determination. The weight of the element index represents the severity of the risk that may be generated by the element under the conditions of people, machines, the environment, and their combined effects; the factors that need to be considered are:

--- Suitable weight determination method;

--- Weight of people;

--- Weight of Machines;

--- Weight of the environment;

--- Normalization of weight.

c) Output of early-warning level. The output of the early-warning level is the input of the early-warning measure, and the factors that need to be considered are:

--- The form of release;

--- The object of release.

The risk early-warning systematics of the safety of machinery shall meet the requirements of GB/T 41344.3-2022.