GB/T 40045-2021Fuel specification for hydrogen powered vehicles—Liquid hydrogen (LH2) (English PDF)
氢能汽车用燃料 液氢
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Issued by
SAMR; SAC
Level / Type
National · Recommended
Issue date
April 30, 2021
Implementation date
November 1, 2021
Scope
GB/T 40045-2021 is the English-translated version of 氢能汽车用燃料 液氢.
GB/T 40045-2021 specifies liquid hydrogen used as fuel for proton exchange membrane fuel cell vehicles, whether held in storage tanks, pipelines or tank trucks.
It sets the technical indicators the fuel must meet, including parahydrogen content and limits on impurities such as water, total hydrocarbons, oxygen, helium, nitrogen, argon, carbon monoxide and dioxide, total sulfur, formaldehyde, formic acid, ammonia, total halides and particulate matter.
For each it names the test method, with gas chromatography for parahydrogen and arbitration methods drawn from other national standards, and Annex B gives the temperature-parahydrogen content curve.
Packaging, marking, storage and transport follow GB/T 40060. Laboratories testing liquid hydrogen fuel work to it. It was issued on 30 April 2021 and has applied since 1 November 2021.
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Document preview — GB/T 40045-2021
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
- ICS
- 75.160.20
- Classification
- F 19
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the PRC
Contents
- Foreword3
- 1 Scope4
- 2 Normative references4
- 3 Terms and definitions5
- 4 Requirements5
- 5 Test methods6
- 6 Packaging, marks, storage and transportation9
- Annex A (informative) Schematic diagram of the gas path of gas chromatograph10
- Annex B (normative) Temperature-parahydrogen content curve11
1 Scope
This Standard specifies technical indicators, test methods and requirements for packaging, marks, storage and transportation for fuel specification for hydrogen powered vehicles - liquid hydrogen (hereinafter referred to as liquid hydrogen).
This Standard is applicable to liquid hydrogen - the fuel, used for proton exchange membrane fuel cell vehicles stored in storage tanks, pipelines or tank trucks.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 3634.2, Hydrogen - Part 2: Pure hydrogen, high pure hydrogen and ultrapure hydrogen
GB/T 3723, Sampling of chemical products for industrial use - Safety in sampling
GB/T 5832.2, Gas analysis - Determination of moisture - Part 2: Dew point method
GB/T 6285, Determination of trace oxygen in gases - Electrochemical method
GB/T 6681, General rules for sampling gaseous chemical products
GB/T 8984, Determination of carbon monoxide carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon in gases - Gas chromatographic method
GB/T 24499, Technology glossary for gaseous hydrogen, hydrogen energy and hydrogen energy system
GB/T 27894.3, Natural gas - Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas chromatography - Part 3: Determination of hydrogen, […]
5 Test methods
5.3 Determination of parahydrogen content
5.3.1 Methods and instruments
Use the parahydrogen conversion and measurement device to obtain the equilibrium hydrogen under the temperature zone of liquid nitrogen as the standard sample. Use thermal conductivity gas chromatography to determine parahydrogen content. The detection limit of thermal conductivity gas chromatograph for parahydrogen shall be less than 30 x 10^-2 (volume fraction).
The installation and commissioning of the instrument are carried out according to the instrument manual. Refer to Annex A for the gas flow process of the gas chromatograph.
5.3.2 Instrument conditions
5.3.2.1 Chromatographic column
A stainless-steel column of which the column length is about 3m, the inner diameter is about 2mm, with built-in 13X molecular sieve, or 5A molecular sieve, or NaY molecular sieve.
5.3.2.2 Operating parameters
The operating parameters of the instrument are selected according to the instrument specification and detection limit requirements.
5.3.3 Determination steps
5.3.3.1 Turn on the instrument according to the instrument manual. Adjust the operating parameters until the instrument parameters are stable.
5.3.3.2 Select appropriate chromatographic conditions, including: carrier gas flow, sample gas flow, and instrument gas path balance.
5.3.3.3 Determination of standard sample. Immerse the conversion column of […]
5.5 Determination of total hydrocarbon content
The determination of total hydrocarbon content is carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 8984. Other equivalent methods are allowed. When there is an objection to the determination result, the method specified in GB/T 8984 shall be the arbitration law.
5.6 Determination of oxygen content
The determination of oxygen content is carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 6285. Other equivalent methods are allowed. When there are objections to the determination result, the method specified in GB/T 6285 shall be the arbitration law.
5.7 Determination of helium content
The determination of helium content is carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 27894.6. It is allowed to carry out the determination of helium content according to the method specified in GB/T 27894.3. When there are objections to the determination result, the method specified in GB/T 27894.6 shall be the arbitration method.
5.8 Determination of nitrogen and argon, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide content
The determination of the content of nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 3634.2.
5.9 Determination of total sulfur, formaldehyde, formic acid, ammonia, total halide content, particulate matter concentration
The determination of total sulfur, formaldehyde, formic acid, ammonia, total halide content, and particulate matter concentration shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 37244. Other equivalent methods are allowed. When there are objections to the determination result, the method specified in GB/T 37244 shall be the arbitration law.
6 Packaging, marks, storage and transportation
The packaging, marks, storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen shall meet the requirements of GB/T 40060. […]
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This preview omits tables, figures, formulas and parts of the technical clauses. The complete document — 15 pages — is available in the English PDF.
Referenced standards
Normative references
- GB/T 3634.2Hydrogen - Part 2: Pure hydrogen, high purity hydrogen and ultra purity hydrogen
- GB/T 3723Sampling of chemical products for industrial use. Safety in sampling
- GB/T 5832.2Gas analysis - Determination of water - Part 2: Dew point method
- GB/T 6285Determination of trace oxygen in gases—Electrochemical method
- GB/T 6681General rules for sampling gaseous chemical products
- GB/T 8984Gas analysis - Determination of the contents of trace carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon in gases - Gas chromatography with flame ionization detector
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Related Standards
GB/T 24499-2009 — Technology glossary for gaseous hydrogen, hydrogen energy and hydrogen energy system
GB/T 27894.3-2023 — Natural gas - Determination of composition and associated uncertainty by gas chromatography - Part 3: Precision and bias
GB/T 3634.2-2025 — Hydrogen - Part 2: Pure hydrogen, high purity hydrogen and ultra purity hydrogen
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