GB/T 3565.1-2022Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 1: Terms and definitions (English PDF)

Foreword

This document was issued on 12 October 2022 by the State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the PRC and takes effect on 1 August 2023.

It is a GB/T standard: recommended rather than compulsory, but it is the text a Chinese reviewer applies when assessing a submission.

This document was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020

"Directives for standardization - Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of

standardizing documents".

This document is Part 1 of GB(/T) 3565 "Safety requirements for bicycles". It is a

supporting standard with GB 3565.2~GB/T 3565.9. GB(/T) 3565 contains the

following parts:

- Part 1: Terms and definitions;

- Part 2: Requirements for city and trekking, young adult, mountain and racing

bicycles;

- Part 3: Common test methods;

- Part 4: Braking test methods;

- Part 5: Steering test methods;

- Part 6: Frame and fork test methods;

- Part 7: Wheel and rim test methods;

- Part 8: Pedal and drive system test methods;

- Part 9: Saddle and seat-post test methods.

The modification of this document adopts ISO 4210-1:2014 "Cycles - Safety

requirements for bicycles - Part 1: Terms and definitions".

This document has the following structural adjustments compared to ISO 4210-1:2014:

- Add Chapter 2 Normative references;

- Chapter 3 corresponds to Chapter 2 of ISO 4210-1:2014.

The technical differences between this document and ISO 4210-1:2014 and their

reasons are as follows:

- The definition of "crank assembly" has been changed. "When fatigue testing" and

"pedal shaft" have been deleted; "or crank shaft" has been added. "Parts of the

front half of the crank system" has been changed to "all parts of the drive system

fixed to the crank" to make the term and definition of "crank assembly" more

precise and easier to understand (see 3.13 of this Document; 3.13 of ISO 4210-

1:2014);

Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 1: Terms and

definitions

1 Scope

GB/T 3565.1-2022 is the vocabulary part of the bicycle safety series: the terms and definitions used for the design, assembly and testing of bicycles and their components, across the saddle height ranges by which the series separates one kind of machine from another. There are no requirements here and no test methods. The scope, a statement that no normative references are needed, one long clause of definitions and a bibliography are the whole document, and that is the point of it. The requirement parts of the series set out safety and performance criteria for the machine and its components, and each of those clauses is only as sharp as the meaning of its words: an aerodynamic extension fitted to the handlebar has to be one identifiable thing before anything can be required of it. When a bicycle fails a test the argument that follows is usually about definition rather than measurement — which surface a height is taken from, which component a fitting counts as, which class the machine belongs to. Keeping the vocabulary in a part of its own also holds the other parts consistent with each other as they are revised at different dates. Manufacturers, importers, test laboratories and certification bodies use it alongside the rest of the series.

This document defines terms and definitions related to safety and performance

requirements for the design, assembly, and testing of bicycles and their components for

various saddle heights as given in Table 1.

This document does not apply to special types of bicycles such as delivery bicycles,

recumbent bicycles, tandem bicycles, BMX bicycles and bicycles designed and

equipped for riding under special conditions such as sanctioned racing, performance or

stunt classes.

NOTE: For bicycles with a maximum saddle height less than or equal to 435 mm, see GB 6675.2.

For bicycles with a maximum saddle height greater than 435 mm and less than 635 mm, see GB

14746.

Table 1 -- Maximum saddle height

2 Normative references

This document has no normative references.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1 aerodynamic extension

A handlebar that is fixed to the handlebar or sheerer to improve the rider's riding posture

and reduce air resistance.

3.2 band brake

A strip of brake pads covers the surface of a cylindrical brake drum. The brake drum

Bicycle type

Max. saddle height

City and trekking bicycle Young adult bicycle Mountain bicycle Racing bicycle

mm

3.12 composite wheels

A wheel (3.63) assembly comprising a composite material (3.11).

3.13 crank assembly

An assembly consisting of a crank on the drive side and non-drive side, a middle shaft

or crankshaft and all parts of the drive system fixed to the crank.

Example: Sprocket set.

3.14 delivery bicycle

A two-wheeled bicycle (3.4) designed for transporting goods.

3.15 disc brake

A brake that uses brake pads to clamp the two sides of a thin disc attached to or

integrated with the wheel hub (axle skin).

3.16 drive belt

A seamless, endless belt used to transmit power.

3.17 dropper seat-post

A seat-post that the saddle can be raised or lowered without adjusting the saddle clamp

while riding.

3.18 exposed protrusion

A protruding object that, due to its location and rigidity, may cause injury to the rider if

the rider collides directly with it or accidentally falls on it during normal riding.

3.19 dummy fork

A test front fork manufactured according to specific requirements. It can be used as a

substitute for the front fork provided by the manufacturer during the test.

3.20 folding bicycle

A two-wheeled bicycle (3.4) designed to fold into a compact structure for easy transport

and storage.

3.21 fracture

Unexpected break into two or more pieces.

3.22 fork sheeter, fork stem

The part of the front fork that rotates around its axis inside the head tube of the frame.

NOTE: Typically, it is connected to the fork crown or directly to the fork leg, and is the connection

point between the fork and the sheeter.

3.23 fully assembled bicycle

A two-wheeled bicycle (3.4) assembled with all the components necessary for its

purpose.

3.24 handlebar grips portion

The part of the handlebar that runs from the handlebar end toward the center of the

handlebar and has the same diameter as the handlebar end.

3.25 highest gear

One crank rotation gives the gear ratio with the maximum travel distance.

3.26 hub brake

Brakes that act directly on the wheel hub (axle skin).

3.27 hub generator

A generator located in the wheel hub (axle skin).

3.28 lowest gear

One crank rotation gives the transmission ratio with the minimum travel distance.

3.29 maximum inflation pressure

The maximum tyre inflation pressure recommended by the tyre or rim manufacturer for

safe and effective use of the tyre.

NOTE: If both the rim and tyre manufacturers specify a maximum inflation pressure, use the

smaller of the two pressures.

3.30 maximum saddle height

The vertical distance from the ground level to the intersection of the top surface of the

saddle and the axis of the seat-post. When measuring, the seat-post is at the minimum

insertion depth and the saddle is horizontal.

3.31 maximum insertion-depth mark

A mark indicating the maximum insertion depth of the seat-post into the frame.

3.32 minimum insertion-depth mark

detached by moving the foot.

3.42 racing bicycle

A fully assembled bicycle for amateur high-speed riding on roads, equipped with a

handlebar assembly with multiple grip positions (to achieve a drag-reducing position,

e.g. dropped handlebars or aerodynamic handlebars), a multi-speed gear system, narrow

tyres, and a maximum mass of 12 kg.

3.43 recumbent bicycle

A two-wheeled bicycle (3.4) in which the rider is riding in a recumbent position.

3.44 rigid, non-welded fork

A fork which is not telescopic in structure, wherein the fork legs and/or the fork sheerer

(3.22) are fixed to the fork crown by pressing, clamping, bonding or other methods

other than brazing or welding.

3.45 rim-brake

A brake that the brake pads act on the brakes of the wheel rims.

3.46 rigid seat-post

The saddle tube cannot be raised or lowered during riding. It does not have an axially

adjustable elastic device for reducing the impact of road bumps on the rider.

3.47 sharing bicycle

A two-wheeled bicycle (3.4) that can be unlocked through the Internet or magnetic card,

parked with or without a pole, and ridden on public roads (3.38) in a shared manner.

3.48 screw thread locking devices

A device attached to or acting on the threads of a nut or bolt to prevent it from being

accidentally loosened.

Example: Lock washers, lock nuts, thread locking glue or top nuts.

3.49 seat-post

A component that can fix the saddle (with bolts or assemblies) and connect the saddle

to the frame.

3.50 suspension seat-post

A seat-post that there is an adjustable elastic device on the axial side of the saddle tube

to reduce the rider's impact on road bumps.

3.51 suspension dropper seat-post

A seat-post that there is an adjustable elastic device on the axial side to reduce the rider's

impact on road bumps, and the saddle can be raised or lowered without adjusting the

saddle clamp while riding.

3.52 secondary retention system

A system that holds the front wheel in the slots in the fork leg when the primary

retention system (3.36) is in the released (unlocked) position.

3.53 simulated ground plane

A plane used to determine the orientation of a test part or assembly in a fully assembled

bicycle relative to a ground reference.

3.54 suspension fork

A fork that the axial elastic device is adjustable to reduce the impact of road bumps on

the rider.

3.55 suspension frame

A frame that there are elastic devices in the vertical direction, which are adjustable to

reduce the impact of road bumps on the rider.

3.56 tandem

A two-wheeled bicycle (3.4) equipped with saddles for two or more people, arranged

in a front-to-back order.

3.57 toe-clip

A device installed on the pedal to cover the toe of the rider's shoe but allow the rider's

shoe to be pulled out.

3.58 pneumatic tyre

A tyre that the inner cavity of the tyre needs to be filled with compressed air and the

pressure must be maintained.

NOTE: Pneumatic tyres include tube-type tyres and tubeless tyres.

3.59 solid tyre

A tyre without an inner cavity, whose carcass is filled with materials of different

properties.

3.60 tubeless tyre

......