GB/T 35084-2018Guidelines for environmental protection at press shop (English PDF)

5.1 Workshop noise control

5.1.1 When the noise of the workshop is transmitted to the boundary of the plant, the noise level shall comply with the provisions of GB 12348 according to the environmental category.

5.1.2 When the noise of the workshop is transmitted to the adjacent area outside the factory, the noise level shall comply with the provisions of GB 3096 according to the environmental category.

5.1.3 The noise level of the workshop noise transmitted to various locations in the plant area shall not exceed the relevant provisions of 6.3.1.7 of GBZ 1-2010.

5.2 Workplace noise requirements

Workplace noise requirements are shown in Table 1. Noise level design requirements for non-noise workplaces are to comply with 6.3.1.7 of GBZ 1-2010 Claim.

5.3 Factory layout

5.3.1 Plant location selection

The workshop that generates noise and becomes the main noise of the factory should be set on the upwind side of the local minimum summer wind frequency in the residential concentration area; low noise The sound workshop should be placed on the downwind side of the local minimum summer wind frequency with the main noise source around.

5.3.2 General layout

The general layout of the workshop producing noise shall meet the following requirements and GB/T 50087 under the premise of meeting the requirements of the process flow. Claim.

a) Combining functional division and process division, the living area, administrative office area and production area should be arranged separately, high noise workshop and low noise factory The rooms are arranged separately. The main noise sources in industrial enterprises should be relatively concentrated, and should be away from the quiet areas required inside and outside the factory;

b) The main noise source and the surrounding of the production workshop should be arranged in a building that is not sensitive to noise and is tall and oriented towards sound insulation. Between the high-noise zone and the low-noise zone, it is advisable to arrange warehouses, stockyards, etc.;

c) For buildings that require quiet indoors, the orientation and height of the building should be conducive to sound insulation.

5.3.3 Facade layout

The façade layout of industrial enterprises should use terrain and ground objects to block noise; the main noise sources should be arranged at low levels, and noise-sensitive buildings should be suitable. It is arranged in the sound shadow area of the natural barrier.

5.3.4 Architectural design

When the noise control design standards are still not met in accordance with the requirements of 5.3.2, 5.3.3, it is advisable to provide sound insulation barriers or to maintain between buildings. The necessary protective spacing should comply with the relevant provisions of GB 50187-2012, and attention should be paid to the greening design to reduce the spread of noise.

Effective measures should be taken to reduce the environmental impact of noise on the building type, orientation, doors and windows of high noise buildings.

5.4 Equipment selection and layout

5.4.1 It is preferred to use noise-free or low-noise equipment. Production equipment with high noise and vibration should be installed in a single-storey building. If design needs When these production equipments are to be placed in a multi-storey building, they should be installed on the bottom floor of a multi-storey building; when they are placed in a combined plant, they should be Take vibration isolation and noise reduction measures.

5.4.2 The noise limit of the press should comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T 26483 and GB/T 26484, and the measurement method is in accordance with GB/T 23281. And the relevant provisions of GB/T 23282.

5.4.3 When designing, manufacturing or modifying equipment, measures should be taken to reduce the noise of the press, such as. increase the overall rigidity of the press, large-scale connection The continuous production line adopts closed design and so on.

5.4.4 Equipment with strong noise [ >90dB(A)] should be enclosed in sound insulation room or sound insulation enclosure.

5.5 Process measures

5.5.1 When formulating the stamping process, the following measures should be taken to reduce the noise, such as. selecting a press with a large stiffness; using a slanted or stepped punch Punching thick workpieces; using shock absorbers or other cushioning devices to extend the blanking force disappearance time to prevent sudden unloading; for materials or workpieces, molds Apply a lubricant or the like.

5.5.2 Take measures to reduce noise during the transmission of workpieces or scraps, such as. avoiding workpieces or scraps colliding with each other or landing directly; The slip height of the piece or scrap; the chute or slide that transports the workpiece or scrap is made of a damping material or the like.

5.5.3 Take measures to reduce equipment and process airflow noise, such as. reduce the number of compressed air to purge the workpiece, if necessary, control the compressed air Air pressure and flow; pneumatic friction clutch to set sound insulation or muffler; reduce the number of use of pneumatic tools, replace with electric tools or hydraulic tools Air tools, etc.

5.5.4 Use robot or automation equipment to realize the transportation between loading and unloading and process, reduce manual handling; the process allows remote control, Sound insulation control operation room can be set.

5.6 Sound absorption treatment

Workplaces and equipment that generate strong noise, when it is not appropriate to use noise reduction, sound insulation or other measures to control noise, respond to plant walls, doors and windows Wait for sound absorption and noise reduction measures. Sound absorption treatment should follow the following principles.

a) Sound absorption treatment is suitable for workshops with less sound absorption and strong reverberation sound;

b) For large-scale workshops with dense sound sources and flat shapes, it is advisable to use sound-absorbing ceilings or suspended sound-absorbing bodies, and the space-suspending sound-absorbing bodies should be close to the sound source;

c) For small-area workshops with small, wide and high-scale differences, it is advisable to absorb sound on the ceiling and wall;

d) Focus on the local sound source in the factory, it is advisable to absorb the sound of the ceiling and wall of the sound source area, or to hang the sound absorber at the sound source. And should also set the sound barrier;

e) Sound absorption treatment should meet the process and safety requirements of lifting transportation, fire prevention, moisture proof, anti-corrosion and dust prevention, and should consider ventilation and mining. Light, lighting and renovation requirements.

5.7 Integrated Control

5.7.1 When the workshop adopts a single sound insulation, sound absorption and other noise reduction measures that cannot meet the noise standard requirements, comprehensive control measures should be taken.

5.7.2 Measures to reduce noise should be combined with Chapter 6 for optimum control.

5.7.3 When the noise reduction measures are adopted, the noise level still exceeds the occupational exposure limit of workplace noise specified in 5.2, and the self-equipment of the equipment shall be improved. Mobilize the level and equip the operator with earplugs, earmuffs or other ear protection products, rationally design the labor schedule, and reduce direct work for the operator influences.

5.8 Noise measurement

Noise measurement in production environment, non-production sites and plant boundaries shall be in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB J122, GB/T 3222.1 and GB/T 3222.2. get on.

6.1 Workshop vibration control

6.1.1 When the vibration of the workshop is the main vibration source of the factory, the vibration level transmitted to the adjacent area of the plant shall comply with the provisions of GB 10070. when The vibration of the workshop is not the main vibration source of the factory, but the vibration level transmitted to the adjacent area of the plant boundary exceeds the limit specified in GB 10070, The main vibration source is integrated and controlled according to the applicable range.

6.1.2 The vibration parameters of the "work efficiency limit" in the workshop to ensure the good working efficiency of the staff shall not exceed the values shown in Figure 1, such as vertical The vibration frequency is 4Hz~8Hz, the contact time is 8h, the effective acceleration value is 0.315m/s², and the horizontal vibration frequency is 8Hz. The contact time is 2.5 h, and the effective acceleration value is allowed to be 2.0 m/s². See Appendix A for the effective acceleration values of the vibration tolerant standard.

6.1.3 The vibration parameters of the "exposure limit" for ensuring the health and safety of workers in the workshop are allowed to be 6 dB higher than the ergonomic limit acceleration level. That is, by multiplying 2 by the acceleration values of the respective curves shown in Fig. 1, the allowable acceleration values at the same contact time can be obtained. For example, when the center frequency For 6.3 Hz, the contact time is 4 h, and the vertical and horizontal acceleration values of the ergonomic limit are 0.53 m/s² and 1.12 m/s², respectively. The limits of the dew limits are 1.06 m/s² and 2.24 m/s², respectively.

6.1.4 In the workshop, the "comfort boundary" vibration parameters that ensure the comfort and enjoyment of the staff are 10 dB lower than the ergonomic limit acceleration level. The acceleration value of each curve shown in Fig. 1 is divided by 3.15 to obtain the allowable acceleration value at the same contact time. For example, when the center frequency is 20Hz, contact time is 8h, the vertical and horizontal acceleration values of the ergonomic limit are 0.8m/s² and 2.24m/s², respectively. The limit acceleration values are 0.25m/s² and 0.71m/s², respectively.

6.2 Calculation of vibration acceleration level and vibration level

6.2.1 The vibration intensity of the vibration source and the environment is expressed by the vibration acceleration level and should be calculated according to formula (1).

6.2.2 The effect of vibration on the environment, expressed in terms of vibration level, shall be calculated according to equation (3).

The Cn values are shown in Table 2. The vibration level VL value shall not exceed the provisions of 6.1.

6.3 Equipment selection and layout

6.3.1 When designing, manufacturing or modifying equipment, the following measures should be taken to reduce vibration during operation and process.

a) increase the body damping of the press to improve the damping capacity;

b) improve the dynamic balance accuracy of the revolving body such as the flywheel;

c) installing a slider balancing device;

d) adding an elastic bushing between the bearing and the bearing housing;

e) Insert a damping alloy, ie a damping alloy (such as manganese-copper-zinc alloy, etc.) on the component that conducts the vibration.

6.3.2 Vibration reduction measures should be taken for plant design and equipment layout. The installation of the press should comply with the relevant regulations of GB 50231 set. Production equipment with high vibration should be installed in a single-storey building. When the design needs to place these production equipment in a multi-storey building, Install it on the ground floor and take effective vibration reduction measures.

a) Process and equipment should be improved and the number of vibration sources should be reduced or the vibration intensity should be reduced;

b) a non-impact process should be used;

c) a well-balanced process should be used;

d) The high vibration level vibration source should be kept away from the vibration sensitive point;

e) Absorbing vibration by vibration damping foundation, the design of the press foundation should meet the requirements of GB 50040.

6.3.3 Strong vibrations generated during shearing or blanking should be avoided. When using a press with a large nominal pressure, the punching force should not exceed the equipment Weigh 2/3 of the pressure; use a slanted blade or a wave cutting die; install a vibration damper. When using a hydraulic press for thick sheet blanking, the equipment should be equipped There is a punching buffer.

6.3.4 For stations with strong vibration, the operator should be equipped with anti-vibration shoes and gloves, so that the operator can avoid direct vibration. The workpiece should be replaced by a mechanical device.

6.4 Vibration isolation design

6.4.1 Machines that generate strong vibrations should take vibration isolation measures when their vibrations have a detrimental effect on the surrounding environment. Selection of vibration isolation measures Use, should meet the following requirements.

a) Vibration isolation device and support structure type should be based on the type of machinery and equipment, vibration strength, disturbance frequency, construction, environment and operator Determination of factors such as vibration requirements;

b) Vibration isolating components, which can be determined according to the technical performance of the relevant products;

c) The vibration isolating machine seat between the equipment and the vibration isolating element shall be made of steel or concrete.

6.4.2 The basis of the press with a nominal pressure greater than 1000kN shall be specially designed and shall comply with the relevant requirements of GB 50040. Basic quality In the case of the same amount, the base area should be increased to improve the damping capacity.

6.4.3 Small low-speed ordinary presses with a stroke number less than or equal to 50 times/min and a nominal pressure less than or equal to 1000kN It is directly installed on the floor with a simple vibration damping device (when the floor thickness of the workshop is greater than or equal to 200mm). When the vibration damping device is not used, It should be installed on a special basis. Small presses used for blanking and punching operations should not be installed directly on the floor. But the nominal pressure is less than A small instrument press equal to or equal to 6.3kN is not limited to this.

6.4.4 The vibration isolation design of the press should meet the following requirements.

a) Closed multi-point press, the isolator should be installed directly on the bottom of the press;

b) Closed single point press and open press, pedestal can be set in the lower part of the press, and the isolator should be installed in the lower part of the pedestal;

c) The vertical damping ratio of the vibration isolation system of the press should be 0.1~0.15.

6.4.5 The permissible vibration value of the press base shall comply with the provisions of the GB 50463 vibration isolation design specification, and the permissible vibration of the basic control point of the press. The value of the movement can be adopted according to Table 3.

The natural frequency of the pressure unit can be calculated according to the following formula.

a) When determining the horizontal allowable vibration line displacement: Fn = omegan1/2pi (4)

b) When determining the vertical allowable vibration line displacement: Fn = omegan2/2pi (5)

6.4.6 When the vibration level still exceeds the limit specified in 6.1 after the relevant control measures are taken, the distance attenuation measures shall be taken to make the vibration source and vibration The sensitive area is kept at a certain distance. The distance attenuation is calculated according to the formula and reaches the control index. When using a fixed support, use equation (6); When using anti-vibration support, use equation (7) to calculate.

VALr = VAL1 - 0.44r - 10lgr (6)

VALr = VAL1 - 10lgr (7)

6.4.7 For production facilities that generate strong vibrations, buildings and structures with high requirements for anti-vibration should be avoided, and they have higher requirements for anti-vibration. The anti-vibration spacing of instruments and equipment shall comply with the provisions of Table 5.2.4-1 of GB 50187-2012. Allowable vibration speed of precision instruments and equipment The relationship between degree and frequency and allowable amplitude shall comply with the provisions of Table 5.2.4-2 of GB 50187-2012.

6.4.8 The spacing of anti-vibration and sanitary protection in residential areas shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 50894 and meet the requirements of Table 4.

The energy absorption coefficient of the foundation soil can be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the current national standard GB 50040.

When the vibration source has taken vibration isolation measures, the anti-vibration protection interval can be determined as appropriate.

Note: The lower limit of the anti-vibration sanitary protection spacing is used for the large value of the energy absorption coefficient of the foundation soil and the vibration source with the frequency greater than 10 Hz; the upper limit is used for the foundation soil. A small value of the energy absorption coefficient and a vibration source whose frequency is less than or equal to 10 Hz.

6.5 Vibration measurement

The vibration measurement of the factory boundary shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/T 10071.

7.1 Engineering Design

7.1.1 The amount of fresh water should be reduced during the production process. The washing and rinsing water should be recycled to reduce industrial wastewater and sewage (hereinafter referred to as collectively Discharge of sewage). The design of the cooling circulating water system shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T 50102.

7.1.2 When designing the foundation of the press, the oil sump should be set up, and the anti-seepage treatment should be carried out and cleaned regularly.

7.1.3 There should be no leakage in the floor of the workshop, and no sewage, drainage or drainage should be used to discharge sewage. Pipes and open channels for conveying sewage should There are anti-seepage measures to avoid contaminating groundwater sources.

7.1.4 The discharge system shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the principle of clearing and sewage separation. […]