GB/T 18430.2-2025Water chilling (heat pump) packages using the vapor compression cycle - Part 2: Water chilling (heat pump) packages for household and similar applications (English PDF)

Introduction

Refrigerating equipment covers the systems, plant and components used to control and regulate the temperature, humidity, flow and air quality that create human environments, particular artificial environments, process conditions and specific heating and cooling requirements. By the needs of the use side, main-unit products fall into two broad classes: the hot and cold air type and the hot and cold water type. Within that field GB/T 18430 is the basic standard for hot and cold water packages: it leads the development of the whole family of standards and, through its own changes, keeps shaping the standardisation system of the refrigeration and air conditioning industry.

GB/T 18430 consists of two parts. Part 1, packages for industrial or commercial and similar applications, sets the requirements for process-type water chilling (heat pump) packages of any capacity and for comfort-type packages with a cooling capacity above 50 kW. Part 2, this document, sets the requirements for comfort-type packages for household and similar applications with a cooling capacity of 50 kW or less.

1 Scope

This document specifies the types, the model designation, the basic parameters, the technical requirements, the inspection rules and the marking, packing, transport and storage of water chilling (heat pump) packages for household and similar applications, and describes the corresponding test methods.

It applies to comfort-type water chilling (heat pump) packages for household and similar applications with a cooling capacity of not more than 50 kW.

2 Normative references

The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable provisions of this document through normative reference in the text. For dated references, only the edition corresponding to that date applies. For undated references, the latest edition, including all amendments, applies.

GB/T 2423.17 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Ka: Salt mist · GB 2894-2025 Safety signs and guideline for the use · GB/T 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code) · GB/T 4706.1-2024 Safety of household and similar electrical appliances - Part 1: General requirements · GB/T 4706.32-2024 Safety of household and similar electrical appliances - Part 32: Particular requirements for heat pumps, air-conditioners and dehumidifiers · GB/T 9237 Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements · GB/T 9286-2021 Paints and varnishes - Cross-cut test · GB/T 10870-2014 The testing and rating of performance for water chilling (heat pump) packages using the vapor compression cycle · GB/T 13306 Plates · GB/T 13384 General specifications for packing of mechanical and electrical product · GB/T 18430.1-2024 Water chilling (heat pump) packages using the vapor compression cycle - Part 1: Water chilling (heat pump) packages for industrial or commercial and similar applications · GB/T 21362-2023 Heat pump water heaters for commercial and industrial and similar application · GB/T 26572 Requirements for concentration limits for certain restricted substances in electrical and electronic products · GB/T 29044 Water quality for heating and air conditioning system · JB/T 4330-1999 Refrigerating and air-conditioning equipment - Noise measurement · JB/T 7249 Refrigerating equipment - Terminology · JB/T 10916 Heat pump water heaters for household and similar application of heating and air conditioning · NB/T 47013.8-2012 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 8: Leak testing

3 Terms and definitions

The terms and definitions given in JB/T 7249 and GB/T 18430.1-2024, together with the following, apply to this document.

cooling seasonal total load, CSTL: total heat removed from the interior of the building while the package is cooling during the cooling season. Note: in kilowatt hours (kW·h), to two decimal places, or at least three when used as an intermediate parameter.

cooling seasonal total energy, CSTE: total electricity consumed while the package is cooling during the cooling season.

cooling seasonal performance factor, CSPF: ratio of the total heat removed from the interior to the total electricity consumed while the package is cooling during the cooling season, in (kW·h)/(kW·h).

heating seasonal total load, HSTL: total heat delivered to the interior of the building while the package is heating during the heating season.

heating seasonal total energy, HSTE: total electricity consumed while the package is heating during the heating season.

heating seasonal performance factor, HSPF: ratio of the total heat delivered to the interior to the total electricity consumed while the package is heating during the heating season.

annual performance factor, APF: ratio of the sum of the heat removed from the interior in cooling and the heat delivered to it in heating, over a year comprising one adjacent cooling and heating season, to the total electricity consumed.

useful water temperature, Tm: lowest water temperature that contributes to the useful energy content when water is drawn in a water use model, in degrees Celsius.

useful water flow, f: smallest flow of hot water that contributes to the useful energy content when water is drawn in a water use model, in litres per minute.

useful energy content, Qtap: energy content of the hot water produced at or above the useful water temperature and the useful water flow, in kilowatt hours.

water use models: series of given combinations of useful water flow, useful water temperature and useful energy content that simulate the water-drawing habits of the user.

mixed water at 40 degrees Celsius, V40: volume of water above 40 degrees Celsius that the water heater can supply under the specified test conditions, in litres.

energy efficiency in water use models, eta: ratio of the heat of the hot water supplied by the water heater in a particular water use model to the primary energy it consumes, expressed as a percentage.

4 Types and basic parameters

By the way heat is exchanged on the heat source side in cooling, packages are divided into water-cooled, air-cooled and evaporatively cooled. Air-cooled packages are further divided by the type of heating terminal they are matched with: floor radiant heating, fan coil heating, radiator heating and others. By function they are divided into cooling-only and heat pump; by the type of refrigerant compressor into reciprocating, rotary and scroll; and by structural form into unitary and split.

By the way the capacity is staged, packages are either fixed-capacity or variable-capacity; variable-capacity water chilling packages are further divided by the way they unload into continuously unloading (steplessly adjustable down to 25 % load or below), partly continuously unloading (steplessly adjustable to above 25 % load) and non-continuously unloading.

Packages may also be classified by the additional functions they have: heat recovery (full or partial), cold storage and domestic hot water.

Model designation: the manufacturer may decide the method of coding, but the model should show the cooling capacity of the package at the nominal condition.

Basic parameters: the supply is normally single-phase 220 V or three-phase 380 V alternating current at a rated frequency of 50 Hz. Normal working conditions are, for air-cooled and evaporatively cooled packages, an ambient temperature of -7 degrees Celsius to 43 degrees Celsius for heat pump packages and of 18 degrees Celsius to 43 degrees Celsius for cooling-only packages; for water-cooled packages the condenser inlet water temperature in cooling shall not exceed 34 degrees Celsius. Where the manufacturer declares a wider range of normal working conditions than this document specifies, the declared conditions govern the assessment.

Test conditions: the standard conditions for the general performance tests of each type of package are given in Tables 1, 2 and 3; those for the part-load performance test of water-cooled and evaporatively cooled packages, for IPLV and for NPLV, in Table 4; and those for the seasonal performance test of air-cooled packages in Table 5. For a water-cooled package the standard cooling condition is a use-side outlet water temperature of 7 degrees Celsius and a heat-source-side inlet water temperature of 30 degrees Celsius, with a water flow of 0.172 m3/(h·kW) on the use side and 0.215 m3/(h·kW) on the heat source side; the maximum-load cooling condition is 15 degrees Celsius and 33 degrees Celsius, the minimum-load cooling condition 5 degrees Celsius and 19 degrees Celsius, the nominal heating condition 45 degrees Celsius and 15 degrees Celsius, and the maximum-load heating condition 50 degrees Celsius and 21 degrees Celsius.

5 Technical requirements

General requirements: the package shall meet this document and shall be made to drawings and technical documents approved by the prescribed procedure. Its parts shall be mounted firmly and reliably; pipework fittings shall be mounted true and laid out neatly, and the compressor shall have anti-vibration measures. The thermal insulation shall be non-toxic, odourless and flame-retardant, with good insulating properties, and no condensation shall form on it in normal running. A chilled (hot) water circulating pump may be fitted at the user's request or for the actual application, its flow and head being sufficient for the package to work normally. The package shall have motor overload protection, phase-failure protection on three-phase machines, water-system flow-failure and frost protection and high and low system pressure protection.

Appearance: ferrous parts shall be treated against rust; electroplated surfaces shall be smooth and evenly coloured, free of peeling, exposed substrate, pinholes, marked mottling and scratches; painted surfaces shall be even, uniformly coated and coloured, free of marked bubbles, runs, wrinkles, damage, missed coating or exposed primer; and decorative plastic parts shall be smooth and evenly coloured, free of cracks, bubbles and marked sink marks.

Corrosion resistance and coating: after the salt mist test, no rust spot or mark on the metal plating shall exceed 1 mm2 in area, and there shall be not more than two rust spots or marks per 100 cm2 of test piece, with none at all on pieces smaller than 100 cm2. The adhesion of the paint film shall reach class 2 or better of GB/T 9286-2021. The content of harmful substances shall comply with GB/T 26572, and the safety and environmental requirements with GB/T 9237.

Strength and tightness: in the airtightness test no part of the refrigerating system shall leak; in the vacuum test the refrigerating system shall not leak and the pressure rise shall not exceed 100 Pa. In the pressure test the water system shall show no abnormal deformation and no seepage at any pipework component or joint.

Nominal performance: the measured nominal cooling capacity shall be not less than 95 % of the declared value and the measured nominal cooling power input not more than 110 % of it; the measured nominal cooling coefficient of performance shall be not below the limit of Table 6 and not below 95 % of the declared value. The same 95 % and 110 % rules apply to the nominal heating capacity, power input and coefficient of performance.

Energy efficiency limits (Table 6): water-cooled packages, COPc 4.20 kW/kW and IPLV 5.20 kW/kW; evaporatively cooled packages, COPc 4.00 kW/kW and IPLV 4.40 kW/kW; air-cooled packages, COPc 2.70 kW/kW, with a CSPF of 3.50, 3.30 and 3.10 (kW·h)/(kW·h) for the floor radiant, fan coil and radiator heating types respectively and an APF of 2.70 (kW·h)/(kW·h).

Part-load and seasonal performance: for water-cooled and evaporatively cooled packages the integrated part-load value shall be not below the limit of Table 6 and not less than 92 % of the declared value, and the non-standard integrated part-load value not less than 92 % of the declared value. For cooling-only air-cooled packages the cooling seasonal performance factor, and for heat pump air-cooled packages the annual performance factor, shall be not below the limit of Table 6 and not less than 95 % of the declared value.

Water side pressure loss shall not exceed 115 % of the declared value on the chilled (hot) water side, the cooling water side and the heat recovery side where fitted; for packages with an integral pump the pressure loss of the heat exchanger on that circuit is not assessed.

Maximum and minimum load and defrosting: during the maximum-load cooling and heating tests the package shall keep working normally, no part shall be damaged, the overload protector shall not operate and the peak running current shall not exceed the declared maximum. During the minimum-load cooling test the package shall keep working normally and neither the low-pressure, the frost nor the overload protector shall operate. For air-cooled packages, during the defrosting test the package shall not stop because a safety protection device has operated, defrosting shall be automatic, work properly and be complete with the melt water draining away normally, and the total defrosting time shall not exceed 20 % of the total test time - and, on packages with two or more independent refrigerating systems, 20 % of the total test time of each system.

Performance under conditions of use: the manufacturer shall plan a sensible test programme from the conditions of Table 7 or Table 8 for the range of application of the product, and shall use those results to build a performance database. At 100 % load, the measured cooling (heating) capacity and coefficient of performance shall not deviate from the database output by more than plus or minus 5 %; at part load they shall be not less than (100 - sigma) % of the database output, sigma being calculated by formula (1) as 10.5 - (0.07 x %load) + 750/(delta-T-FL x %load), where %load is the load ratio times 100 and delta-T-FL is the inlet-to-outlet water temperature difference of the use-side heat exchanger at 100 % load and the same flow.

Packages with a heat recovery, a cold storage or a domestic hot water function shall also meet Annex A, Annex B and Annex C respectively.

6 Test methods

Test conditions: the atmospheric pressure of the test site shall be within 101 kPa plus or minus 10; outside that range the effect on the result shall be considered and corrected to the relevant standards or settled by agreement. In the test room for air-cooled and evaporatively cooled packages the distance between the air discharge side and the wall shall be not less than 1.8 m and that from the other surfaces not less than 0.9 m; before the test, with the package installed and not running, the air velocity anywhere within 0.5 m of it shall not exceed 2 m/s.

Test resources: a stabilised supply shall be used, the frequency staying within plus or minus 0.5 Hz and the voltage within plus or minus 5 % of the rated values except at the instant of starting or stopping; the water of the cooling water and chilled water circuits shall meet GB/T 29044.

Instruments: the type and accuracy of the instruments shall meet GB/T 10870-2014 and they shall be verified or calibrated and within their period of validity. Flowmeters shall be installed and used as specified in Annex F of GB/T 18430.1-2024. The vibration meter shall cover 10 Hz to 1 000 Hz, its relative sensitivity across that range being 90 % to 105 % of the reference sensitivity at 160 Hz. Dry and wet bulb temperatures on the air side shall be measured with a device meeting Annex B of GB/T 10870-2014, and the water side pressure loss and temperature with the device of Annex F of GB/T 18430.1-2024.

The clause goes on to give the installation, the running-in, and the test methods for tightness and strength, running, nominal cooling and heating, part-load and seasonal performance, water side pressure loss, maximum and minimum load, defrosting, performance under conditions of use, noise and vibration, electrical safety, the heat recovery, cold storage and domestic hot water functions, the salt mist test - carried out to GB/T 2423.17 for 24 h, the plated parts being degreased before and rinsed of residual salt after, then examined for corrosion - the cross-cut coating adhesion test to GB/T 9286-2021, and the determination of harmful substances to GB/T 26572.

7 Inspection rules

Inspection is divided into works inspection, sampling inspection and type inspection; the items, the technical requirements and the test methods are given in Table 15.

Every package shall pass the inspection of the manufacturer's quality inspection department before it leaves the works.

The manufacturer's quality control measures shall actively include sampling inspection, particularly for packages made in batches; the sampling plan, the inspection level and the acceptable quality level may be decided by the manufacturer's quality inspection department.

Type inspection shall be carried out at least once every four years, and the first product shall undergo type inspection whenever a new product is developed or an established product is substantially improved, whenever a wholly new production line is used, and whenever a production line is moved or substantially improved.

8 Marking, packing, transport and storage

Marking: every package shall carry a permanent nameplate in a conspicuous position, complying with GB/T 13306 and carrying the contents of Table 16 - product name and model, manufacturer's name and trademark, date of manufacture and serial number, rated voltage, phases and frequency, maximum running current, refrigerant number and charge, water side pressure loss, overall dimensions, total mass, nominal cooling capacity, power input and coefficient of performance, and, on heat pump packages, the same three heating figures, together with the heat recovery, cold storage and domestic hot water figures where those functions are fitted, the integrated part-load value, the cooling seasonal performance factor or the annual performance factor as applicable, and the noise sound pressure level. Where a flammable refrigerant is used, the nameplate shall also carry the "caution: risk of fire" warning sign of GB 2894-2025.

The package shall carry marks of its running state - direction of rotation, direction of water flow, indicating instruments and control buttons - and safety marks such as the earthing point and warning signs, and shall state the number of the standard it is made to in the instructions for use or on the nameplate. Where a flammable refrigerant is used, the "caution: risk of fire" sign of GB 2894-2025 shall be permanently displayed in a conspicuous position, not less than 30 mm high.

Packing: before packing, the package shall be cleaned, its parts shall be clean and dry and parts liable to rust shall be coated with a rust preventive. It shall hold the specified refrigerant charge or be filled with dry nitrogen at 0.02 MPa to 0.03 MPa gauge. The accompanying documents - certificate of conformity, instructions for use and packing list - shall be enclosed. The certificate of conformity states the model and name, the works serial number, the manufacturer's name, the conclusion of the inspection and the signature and date of the inspector and of the person in charge of inspection. The instructions for use state the model and name, the working principle, the range of application, the standard applied and the main technical parameters of Table 16, together with the structural, system, electrical schematic and wiring diagrams and, for packages with an integral pump, the data or curves relating flow to external residual head and pump input power.

The clause also covers the requirements for transport and for storage.

A Annex A (normative) Special requirements and test methods for packages with a heat recovery function

The annex gives the operating conditions, the performance requirements and the test methods that apply in addition to Clause 5 and Clause 6 to packages with a full or partial heat recovery function.

B Annex B (normative) Special requirements and test methods for packages with a cold storage function

The annex gives the operating conditions, the performance requirements and the test methods that apply in addition to Clause 5 and Clause 6 to packages with a cold storage function.

C Annex C (normative) Performance test and calculation method for the domestic hot water function

The annex gives the water use models, the performance test and the method of calculating the energy efficiency in those models for packages with a domestic hot water function.

D Annex D (normative) Seasonal performance test and calculation method for air-cooled packages

The annex gives the test points, the interpolation and degradation-coefficient methods and the calculation of the cooling seasonal performance factor, the heating seasonal performance factor and the annual performance factor of air-cooled packages.

E Annex E (normative) Comparison table of the class B inspection items

The annex tabulates the class B inspection items against the technical requirements and the test methods.