GB/T 16820-2009Terms of cartography (English PDF)

Foreword

This standard is GB/T 16820-1997 "Maps academic language" amendments. This standard and GB/T 16820-1997 major change compared to Of the following.

--- According to GB/T 1.1-2000 requirements of the standard format and style have been modified;

--- Increased map information, cognitive mapping, map representation, map name, four-color printing, network maps term;

--- Remove the transparent picture, picture compilation, map carving, painted clear map, cartographic expert system terminology;

--- Modify the names and definitions of certain terms. This standard was proposed by the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping. This standard by the National Standardization Technical Committee on Geographical Information. This standard by the National Mapping Bureau of Surveying and Mapping Institute of Standardization responsible for drafting. The main drafters of this standard. Guo Yufang, Ma Xiaoping, Lv Yuxia, Macong Li, Wu Wei, Duan Yihong. This standard replaces the standards previously issued as follows:

--- GB/T 16820-1997.

Over the past decade, the rapid development of computer technology, geographic information technology, network technology and other high-tech science and technology led to the mapping of the deep Moment of change, positive response to our mapping technology change, has initially established a digital mapping technology formed the production system. Thus, in 1997 issued GB/T 16820-1997 "Maps academic language" in some aspects of the implementation of the cloth has not fully reflect the current map production and production technology Objective reality, it is necessary to revise the standard. In this revision process, the addition of new concept development of new technologies arising, a new technique Language, removed a small part of the term reflects the analog mapping mode of production, modification and improvement of the definition of the term, and remain relevant terms associated with mapping Revision of GB/T 14911-2008 "mapping basic terminology", GB/T 17159-2009 "Geodesy term" and GB/T 14950-2009 "Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing term" coordination, so as to reflect more fully the basic outlook of the field of the current map. This standard gives the terminology of Chinese pinyin and English equivalents index. Map of academic language

1 Scope

GB/T 16820-2009 is the Chinese national standard on terms of cartography, in the field of natural and applied sciences. The /T suffix marks it as a recommended standard: it is not compulsory by itself, but it becomes binding as soon as a contract, a tender or a customer specification calls it up - which in practice is how most foreign buyers meet it. It was issued on 6 February 2009 by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China; Standardization Administration of China, and has been in force since 1 June 2009. Classification: ICS 07.040, CCS A75. This page is published from the official record of the standard held by the Chinese standards administration: the identification, the dates, the classification and the issuing body are taken from there. The clause text, the tables and the numeric limits are in the document itself, which is delivered complete in English translation.

This standard specifies the terms and their definitions basic theory and map production technology of cartography. This standard applies to the preparation of related standards and maps, technical documentation, teaching materials, books and literature.

2 General Theory

2.1 According to certain laws of mathematics, the use of symbology, text annotation, graphically, digital or multimedia form represent various natural and Socio-economic phenomena carrier.

2.2 Cartography Information Transmission maps, spatial cognition, the foundations of mathematics, visualization, map design and preparation, database theory, techniques, methods And application of discipline.

2.3 Study the map as the theory and mechanism of geo-spatial cognition and thinking tools, and explore the subject map, the reader and the reality of the relationship between the three.

2.4 Techniques and methods of research map design, map compilation, map copy, digital cartography, map analysis and map use in various fields of expertise Application Characteristics discipline.

2.5 In map production technology development in different countries or regions, differences in changes in map content and different social map based knowledge into Line analysis and comparison, studying the map of cultural influence, its economic development, and further research in the field of cartography how theory and international cooperation method.

2.6 Theory, design, development and application of technology research disciplines ordinary map.

2.7 Theory, design, development and application of technology research disciplines thematic map.

2.8 Map projections Theory and Method of the Earth's surface in the plane indicated that the research subjects a variety of theories and methods constitute the mathematical basis of the map.

2.9 Research on the origin of place names, words characteristics, meaning, evolution, distribution and standardization of geographical names subject.