GB/T 43522-2023Guide to manufacture supervision of lithium ion battery for electrical energy storage (English PDF)

Foreword

This document was issued on 28 December 2023 by the State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the PRC and takes effect on 1 July 2024.

It is a GB/T standard: recommended rather than compulsory, but it is the text a Chinese reviewer applies when assessing a submission.

1 Scope

GB/T 43522-2023 is the guide a purchaser follows when placing an inspector inside the factory building lithium-ion batteries for electrical energy storage — the overall requirements for the supervision, then the supervision of raw materials and components, of the production processes, of finished product quality inspection, and of marking, packaging, transport and storage. Normative annexes set out the key items and the witnessing methods stage by stage: positive and negative electrode materials, separators, electrolytes, conductive agents and adhesives; pulping, coating, rolling, pole piece drying, slicing, lamination or winding, welding, liquid injection and formation; and the checks on finished cells, modules and clusters, made against online and offline test data and the test reports for appearance, size, charge and discharge performance and high temperature adaptability. Informative annexes give the supervision log, the notification raised when a quality problem is found, and the supervision report. Supervision runs during manufacture because the faults that matter in a storage battery — a contaminated coating, moisture left in a cell before the electrolyte goes in, a poor weld — are sealed inside the case and cannot be found by testing the delivered product. They surface later as an internal short in a container full of cells. Written for utilities and project owners, battery manufacturers, and the third parties appointed to witness.

This document specifies the overall requirements for the manufacture supervision of

the lithium-ion batteries for electric energy storage (referred to as "lithium-ion

batteries"), as well as the manufacture supervision requirements for raw materials and

components, production processes, finished product quality inspection, marking,

packaging, transportation and storage.

This document applies to the manufacture supervision of the lithium-ion batteries for

power energy storage.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this

document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,

the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

GB/T 191, Packaging and storage marks

GB/T 4798.2, Classification of environmental conditions - Classification of groups

of environmental parameters and their severities - Part 2.Transportation and

handling

GB/T 13384, General specifications for packing of mechanical and electrical

product

GB 21966, Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during

transport

GB/T 24533, Graphite negative electrode materials for lithium-ion battery

GB/T 30835, Lithium iron phosphate-carbon composite cathode materials for

lithium-ion battery

GB/T 30836, Lithium titanium oxide and its carbon composite anode materials for

lithium-ion battery

GB/T 33143, Aluminium and aluminium alloy foils for lithium-ion batteries

GB/T 36146, Rolled copper foil for lithium-ion battery

GB/T 36276, Lithium-ion battery for electrical energy storage

GB/T 36363, Polyolefin separator for lithium-ion battery

GB/T 38296, Internal connecting wires and cables of electrical equipment

DL/T 586, The technical guide of manufacture supervision for manufacturing

equipment of electric power

DL/T 2528, Basic Terms of Electric Energy Storage

SJ/T 11723, Electrolyte solution used for lithium-ion battery

YS/T 821, Aluminum alloy cover board for battery

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in DL/T 586 and

DL/T 2528 apply.

4 Overall requirements

4.1 The scope of manufacture supervision of lithium-ion battery shall include raw

materials and components, production process, finished product quality inspection,

marking, packaging, transportation and storage.

4.2 Lithium-ion battery manufacture supervision can adopt working methods such as

document witnessing (R), on-site witnessing (W), shutdown witnessing (H), and

instrument inspection (I).

4.3 The responsibilities, division of labor and processes for lithium-ion battery

manufacture supervision shall meet the requirements of DL/T 586.

4.4 Lithium-ion battery manufacture supervisors shall master the standards for lithium-

ion battery production, manufacturing, inspection and testing, and be familiar with the

manufacturing process, key quality control nodes and inspection and testing methods.

4.5 Before manufacture supervision, a manufacture supervision outline and

implementation plan for lithium-ion batteries shall be prepared. The main contents shall

include the documents and materials required for manufacture supervision,

manufacture supervision scope, manufacture supervision items, etc.

4.6 During the manufacture supervision, the quality management system,

environmental management system, occupational health and safety management

system, relevant technical standards, product type test reports and other relevant

documents of the manufacturing unit's lithium-ion battery production process shall be

reviewed; the qualifications of production personnel shall be checked; and the

manufacturing, inspection, testing and other equipment and manufacturing site

environment shall be reviewed to meet production requirements.

4.7 During the manufacture supervision, the raw materials, components, production

process, finished products and their production equipment, production environment

(including on-site foreign matter control), process documents and process, and finished

product quality inspection of lithium-ion batteries shall be inspected and witnessed. The

raw materials, components, and finished products shall be sampled. For products that

have been discontinued for more than half a year and are being re-produced or

transferred to another factory, on-site witnessing shall be carried out according to the

first batch and the first piece.

4.8 During the manufacture supervision process, records shall be kept of the documents

to be checked, on-site witnesses (W), work stop witnesses (H), instrument inspections

(I), etc., and a manufacture supervision log shall be filled in. The format is shown in

Table A.1 in Annex A.

4.9 The manufacture supervision site shall track the handling of problems found, form

a closed-loop monitoring system, and fill out a quality problem notification form. The

format is shown in Table B.1 in Annex B.

4.10 After the manufacture supervision is completed, the manufacture supervision

report, witness record, special report and other required manufacture supervision

quality documents shall be formed in time and archived. The manufacture supervision

report format is shown in Table C.1 of Annex C.

5 Raw materials and components

5.1 The manufacture supervision of raw materials and components of lithium-ion

batteries shall mainly include positive electrode materials, negative electrode materials,

diaphragms, electrolytes, conductive agents, oily adhesives, water-based adhesives,

copper foil, aluminum foil, cover plates, shells, connectors, sensors, cables, fasteners,

cooling components and auxiliary materials.

5.2 The manufacture supervision of raw materials and components of lithium-ion

batteries shall verify the quality certification documents such as the factory inspection

records and certificates of raw materials and components. The inspection of positive

electrode materials, negative electrode materials, diaphragms and electrolytes that have

a greater impact on battery quality shall be supervised. On-site sampling shall be carried

out when necessary.

5.3 The manufacture supervision of the raw materials and components for lithium-ion

batteries shall check the inventory, storage environment, packaging and in-and-out

records of the corresponding types of materials and components in the warehouse.

Check whether they are consistent with the daily production and use.

5.4 The key items and witnessing methods for the manufacture supervision of raw

materials and components of lithium-ion batteries shall meet the requirements of Annex

D. Among them. The positive electrode materials of lithium-ion batteries shall meet the

requirements of GB/T 30835.The negative electrode materials (graphite) shall meet the

requirements of GB/T 24533.The negative electrode materials (lithium titanate and its

carbon composite materials) shall meet the requirements of GB/T 30836.The battery

separator shall meet the requirements of GB/T 36363.The aluminum foil shall meet the

requirements of GB/T 33143.The copper foil shall meet the requirements of GB/T

36146.The electrolyte shall meet the requirements of SJ/T 11723.The cover shall meet

the requirements of YS/T 821.The shell shall meet the requirements of GB/T 33143.

The cable shall meet the requirements of GB/T 38296.

6 Production processes

6.1 The production process manufacture supervision of lithium-ion battery monomers

shall include pulping, coating, rolling, pole piece drying, slicing, lamination (winding),

shaping, packaging (soft pack), welding (hard shell), drying, liquid injection, formation,

high temperature static, capacity sorting, self-discharge test and other main production

processes and tests. The key manufacture supervision items and witnessing methods

shall meet the requirements of Table E.1 in Annex E.

6.2 The production process manufacture supervision of lithium-ion battery modules

shall include the main production processes and tests such as lithium-ion battery cell

stacking, insulation test between cells, pole welding, sampling connection, submodule

boxing (glue coating), submodule boxing (bolts), high and low voltage connection, and

module testing. The key manufacture supervision items and witnessing methods shall

meet the requirements of Table E.2.

6.3 The production process manufacture supervision of lithium-ion battery clusters

shall include the main production processes and tests such as lithium-ion battery module

stacking, high and low voltage connection of battery modules, cooling system assembly,

high and low voltage connection between battery clusters, and battery cluster testing.

The key manufacture supervision items and witnessing methods shall meet the

requirements of Table E.3.

6.4 Production process manufacture supervision shall include witnessing the production

process, witnessing the process record documents related to the production process,

witnessing the performance of process node components, and witnessing the production

and processing environment.

6.5 Before production, the battery production process documents, inspection documents,

quality control documents, equipment maintenance point record documents, etc. shall

be reviewed. The production and inspection equipment of each production process of

lithium-ion batteries shall be checked.

6.6 Before production, check whether key data such as raw materials and semi-finished

product inspection data are traceable.

6.7 During production, the online test data, offline test data and related test reports of

each process shall be checked. The key tests shall be reviewed on site.

7 Finished product quality inspection

7.1 Finished product quality inspection and manufacture supervision shall include

inspection of lithium-ion battery cells, modules and battery clusters.

7.2 Finished product quality inspection shall check the online test data, offline data and

factory inspection reports during the production process of lithium-ion battery cells,

modules and clusters.

7.3 Finished product quality inspection shall check whether all inspection items meet

the requirements of the technical specifications. For unqualified inspection items,

analysis is required. After finding out the reasons for the unqualified and taking

improvement measures, re-inspection is carried out.

7.4 The quality inspection of finished lithium-ion battery monomers shall check the test

reports of appearance, size, quality, initial charge and discharge performance, power

characteristics, rate charge and discharge performance, high temperature adaptability,

low temperature adaptability, high altitude initial charge and discharge performance test,

energy retention and energy recovery capability, storage performance, cycle

performance, overcharge performance, over discharge performance, overload

performance, short circuit performance, extrusion performance, drop performance,

adiabatic temperature rise performance and thermal runaway performance. The

appearance, size, quality, initial charge and discharge performance, rate charge and

discharge performance, overcharge performance, over discharge performance, overload

performance, short circuit performance, adiabatic temperature rise performance and

thermal runaway performance of battery monomers shall be sampled and reviewed. The

inspection items and witnessing methods shall meet the requirements of Table F.1 in