GB/T 36276-2023Lithium ion battery for electrical energy storage (English PDF)

Foreword

This document was issued on 28 December 2023 by the State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the PRC and takes effect on 1 July 2024.

It is a GB/T standard: recommended rather than compulsory, but it is the text a Chinese reviewer applies when assessing a submission.

1 Scope

GB/T 36276-2023 is the product standard for the lithium-ion cells and modules used in grid energy storage, and it addresses a duty cycle unlike any other battery application. A vehicle battery is sized for range and cycled once a day; a grid storage battery is cycled hard, sometimes several times daily, for fifteen or twenty years, in an installation containing megawatt-hours of energy in one enclosure. That concentration is what makes the safety requirements central: thermal runaway in a single cell must not propagate, because in a container of cells the consequence is not a damaged product but a fire that cannot be extinguished. Durability matters just as much commercially, since the economics of a storage project rest entirely on how much capacity remains after ten years. This document specifies the requirements for appearance, dimensions and mass, electrical performance, environmental adaptability, durability and safety of lithium-ion batteries for electrical energy storage, and describes the corresponding test methods. Under CCS F19, it is written for cell and system manufacturers, for the developers and operators of storage projects, and for the certification bodies and grid operators approving them.

This document specifies the appearance, size and mass, electrical performance,

environmental adaptability, durability performance, safety performance and other

requirements of lithium-ion batteries for electric energy storage (referred to as "lithium-

ion batteries"); describes the corresponding test methods; stipulates coding, normal

working environment, inspection rules, marking, packaging, transportation and storage,

etc.

This document applies to the design, manufacturing, testing, inspection, operation,

maintenance, and overhaul of lithium-ion batteries for electrical energy storage.

2 Normative references

The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this

document through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated reference

documents, only the version corresponding to the date applies to this document; for

undated reference documents, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to

this document.

GB/T 191 Packaging - Pictorial marking for handling of goods

GB/T 2828.1 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part1.Sampling

schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection

GB/T 4857 (all parts) Packaging - Transport packages

GB/T 5398 Test methods for large transport packages

GB/T 16471 Dimensional and weight constraints for transport package

DL/T 2528 Basic terminology of electric energy storage

3 Terms, definitions, symbols

3.1 Terms and definitions

The terms and definitions as defined in DL/T 2528, as well as the following terms and

definitions, apply to this document.

3.1.1

Rated power charging-discharge cycles

Under specified conditions, when the battery is cyclically charged and discharged at

rated power, the guaranteed value of number of cycles when the charge-discharge

energy attenuate to the rated charging-discharge energy.

3.1.2

Nominal voltage of battery

A voltage value which marks or identifies a type of battery.

3.1.3

Initialized charging

Under specified conditions, the process where the battery is discharged to the

discharge cut-off condition and then charged to the charge cut-off condition.

3.1.4

Initialized discharging

Under specified conditions, the process where battery is charged to the charge cut-

off condition and then discharged to the discharge cut-off condition.

3.1.5

Rate charge-discharge

The process of charge-discharge the battery at a power value higher than the rated

power, under specified conditions.

4 Encoding

The coding rules for lithium-ion batteries for electric energy storage are as shown in

Figure 1.

5 Technical requirements

5.1 Normal working environment

The normal working environment of the battery shall meet the following requirements.

a) Temperature. 5 °C ~ 45 °C.

b) There is no condensation on the live parts.

c) Altitude. Not greater than 2000 m; when it is greater than 2000 m, it meets the

high-altitude performance requirements in this document.

d) The air does not contain sand, dust, conductive, corrosive, or explosive particles

and gases that may affect normal operation.

5.2 Appearance, size, mass

5.2.1 Battery cells

The appearance, size, mass of battery cells shall meet the following requirements.

a) The appearance is free of scratches, deformation and damage; the positive and

negative poles are free of rust; the markings are correct and clear;

b) The absolute deviation of thickness shall not be greater than 2 mm; the relative

deviation of other dimensions shall not be greater than 1.0%;

c) The relative mass deviation is not greater than 1.5%;

d) The volumetric energy density is not less than the nominal value of the volumetric

energy density;

e) The mass energy density is not less than the nominal mass energy density.

5.2.2 Battery module

The appearance, size, mass of the battery module shall meet the following requirements.

a) The appearance is not deformed or damaged; the structure is complete; the

nameplate and marking are correct and clear;

b) The absolute deviation of dimensions meets the requirements of Table 1;

c) The relative mass deviation is not greater than 1.5%;

d) The volumetric energy density is not less than the nominal value of the volumetric

energy density;

e) The mass energy density is not less than the nominal mass energy density.

6 Test methods

6.1 Test conditions

6.1.1 Test environment

Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be conducted in an environment at a

temperature of 15 °C to 40 °C, a relative humidity of <= 80%, an atmospheric pressure

of 86 kPa to 106 kPa.

6.1.2 Test equipment

6.1.2.1 Measuring instruments

The main technical indicators of measuring instruments shall meet the requirements of

Table 2.

6.1.2.2 Charge-discharge device

The main technical indicators of the charge-discharge device shall meet the

requirements of Table 3.

6.1.2.3 Environmental simulation device

The main technical indicators of the environmental simulation device shall meet the

requirements of Table 4.

6.1.2.4 Adiabatic simulation device

The main technical index of the adiabatic simulation device shall meet the requirements

of Table 5.

6.1.2.5 Insulation withstanding voltage test device

The main technical indicators of the insulation withstanding voltage test device shall

meet the requirements of Table 6.

Table 6 -- Main technical index requirements of insulation withstanding voltage

6.1.2.6 Short circuit test device

The main technical indicators of the short circuit test device shall meet the requirements

of Table 7.

6.2 Test preparation

6.2.1 Test sample preparation

Test sample preparation shall meet the following requirements.

a) The battery module is composed of battery cells that meet the type inspection

requirements of this document； the battery cluster is composed of battery

modules that meet the type inspection requirements of this document;

b) The number of samples meets the requirements of inspection rules;

c) Please refer to Table B.1, Table B.2, Table B.3 of Appendix B for the battery

specification parameter table;

d) Provide written documentation of the location of the battery cell's explosion-proof

valve or pressure relief point;

e) During the battery cell test process, in addition to the inspection items of

appearance, size and mass, high temperature adaptability, low temperature

adaptability, storage performance, extrusion performance, drop performance,

adiabatic temperature rise characteristics, other inspection items can choose to

use solid steel or aluminum clamp;

f) The test sample is connected to the test device through an external connector. The

external connector can withstand the maximum current during the test without

fusing;

g) Before the test, prepare a test plan and formulate safety protection measures based

on the safety risks of the test sample. During the electrical performance test,

environmental adaptability test, durability performance test process, if the test

sample has expansion, rupture, leakage, smoke, fire, explosion, etc., it shall

terminate all inspection items corresponding to the test sample.

6.2.2 Test line connection

6.2.2.1 Battery cells

Unless otherwise specified, battery cell's test circuit connections shall comply with the

following requirements.

a) Select test equipment based on test temperature, humidity, battery cell size,

voltage, power and other parameters;

b) The positive and negative poles of the battery cells are connected to the test

equipment through input and output cables, to form a current loop;

c) The positive and negative electrodes of the battery cells are connected to the test

equipment through voltage data sampling lines, to form a voltage data collection

loop;

d) The battery cell temperature sampling point and the test equipment are connected

through the temperature data sampling line, to form a temperature data collection

loop. For inspection items that do not use fixtures, the temperature sampling point

of the battery cell is the center position of the plane with a larger surface area of

the battery cell. For inspection items using fixtures, the temperature sampling

point of the battery cell is the center position of the side of the battery cell.

6.2.2.2 Battery module

Unless otherwise specified, battery module's test circuit connections shall comply with

the following requirements.

a) Select test equipment based on test temperature, humidity, battery module size,

voltage, power and other parameters;

b) The positive and negative poles of the battery module are connected to the test

equipment through input and output cables, to form a current loop;

c) The positive and negative poles of the battery module and battery cell are

connected to the test equipment through voltage data sampling lines, to form a

voltage data collection loop;

d) The battery module's temperature sampling point and the test equipment are

connected through a temperature data sampling line, to form a temperature data

collection loop. The battery module's temperature sampling point includes fixed

sampling points of the positive electrode busbar and negative electrode busbar of

the battery module and no less than 2 representative random sampling points;

e) For battery modules using liquid cooling, the liquid cooling system can work

during the power characteristic test, rate charge-discharge performance test, cycle

performance test. During the cycle performance test, the liquid inlet temperature

at the sample end is consistent with the test temperature. The high temperature

adaptability test, low temperature adaptability test, storage performance test,

liquid cooling pipeline pressure resistance performance test before draining the

coolant, filling other test items with coolant and disconnecting the liquid cooling

system before testing.

6.2.2.3 Battery cluster

Unless otherwise specified, battery cluster's test circuit connections shall comply with

the following requirements.

a) Select test equipment based on test temperature, humidity, battery cluster size,

voltage, power and other parameters;

b) The positive and negative poles of the battery cluster are connected to the test

equipment through input and output cables, to form a current loop;

c) The test equipment and the battery management system of the battery cluster are

connected through communication lines, to form a control and protection loop;

d) The positive and negative electrodes of battery clusters, battery modules and

battery cells are connected to the test equipment through voltage data sampling

lines, to form a voltage data collection loop;

e) The battery cluster's temperature sampling point and the test equipment are

connected through a temperature data sampling line, to form a temperature data

collection loop.

6.2.3 Test parameter setting

Battery test parameter settings shall meet the following requirements.

a) The test parameter setting values meet the requirements of Table A.1;

b) The working parameter values of the battery cells, battery modules, battery

clusters are unique and consistent with the working parameter values of the

battery in actual use;

c) Unless otherwise specified, during the test process of battery cells and battery

modules, the secondary alarm value of charge-discharge voltage and the

secondary alarm temperature of high and low temperature of battery cells are used

as the test protection setting values;

d) Unless otherwise specified, the battery cluster's test process takes the secondary

alarm value of charge-discharge voltage, the secondary alarm value of charge-

discharge current, the secondary alarm of high and low temperature of the battery

cell, the secondary alarm of voltage range of battery cluster charge-discharge

battery module, the secondary alarm value of voltage range of battery cell charge-

discharge battery module, the secondary alarm value of temperature range of

battery cluster charge-discharge battery cell, as the test protection setting values.

7 Inspection rules

7.1 Inspection categories and inspection items

Inspection is divided into exit-factory inspection, type inspection, sampling inspection.

The inspection categories and inspection items shall meet the requirements of Table 20.

7.2 Exit-factory inspection

7.2.1 Exit-factory inspection rules

Each production batch of products shall undergo exit-factory inspection according to

the inspection sequence before leaving the factory. The exit-factory inspection shall

meet the requirements of Table 21.

7.2.2 Determination rules

During the exit-factory inspection, if the inspection items of all test samples meet the

requirements, they will be judged to have passed the exit-factory inspection; if any test

item of any test sample does not meet the requirements, it will be judged to have failed

the exit-factory inspection.

7.3 Type inspection

7.3.1 Situations requiring type inspection

Type inspection shall be carried out under any of the following circumstances.

a) New products are put into production;

b) Factory address change;

c) Resume production after more than one year of suspension;

d) There are significant changes in structure, process or materials;

e) Contractual agreement.

7.3.2 Type inspection rules

The battery module's type inspection shall be completed before the battery cluster's type

inspection; the battery cell's type inspection shall be completed before the battery

module's type inspection. The type inspection shall be carried out in the inspection order

and shall comply with the inspection rules in Table 22.

7.3.3 Determination rules

During type inspection, if the inspection items of all test samples meet the requirements,

they will be judged to have passed the type inspection; if any test item of any test sample

does not meet the requirements, they will be judged to have failed the type inspection.

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