GB/T 39792.2-2020Technical Guidelines for Identification and Assessment of Eco-environmental Damage Environmental Elements - Part 2: Surface Water and Sediments (English PDF)

5.1 Basic situation survey

5.1.1 Investigation of environmental pollution or ecological damage

For general water environment pollution incidents, understand the distribution of pollution in the water area and surrounding areas, such as pollutant discharge units, sewage ditches, and agricultural non-point sources.

Analyze or identify the source of pollution; for sudden water environmental pollution incidents, the time and location of the incident should also be ascertained, which may produce pollutants The type and nature of the situation.

For water ecological damage incidents, understand the nature of the damage event, damage mode, time, location and other basic information, and identify the damage The start time, end time, duration, frequency, damage area, damage amount, etc. of state behavior.

Continuous discharge, irregular continuous discharge, regular intermittent discharge, irregular intermittent discharge, etc.), drainage destination, discharge volume, sewage treatment process And the operation status of treatment facilities; whether the first type of pollutants specified in GB 8978 has treatment facilities in the workshop or special pollutant treatment Facilities etc.

For solid wastes, investigate the types, forms, quantities, and attributes of solid wastes; solid waste generation links and forms, Storage and disposal methods (open storage, storage in dedicated hazardous waste storage, storage in slag shed); whereabouts of solid waste; situation of tailings storage; prevention Pollution prevention measures such as flooding, rain prevention, flood prevention, leakage prevention, and loss prevention.

5.1.3 Investigation of the basic situation of environmental pollution or ecological destruction

Grasp the natural environment (including hydrogeography, water environment quality), biological elements, and service functions of the polluted or damaged water ecosystem Information on the time, method, process and scope of the damage.

For water environment pollution incidents, understand the pollutant discharge method, time, frequency, whereabouts, quantity, characteristic pollutant type and concentration;

Information on the type, quantity, and concentration of secondary pollutants generated by pollutants entering the surface water and sediment environment.

5.1.4 Investigation of the basic situation of incident response

Understand control measures such as pollutant cleanup and prevention of pollution spread, implement surface water and sediment ecological environment treatment and restoration, and water ecology Relevant materials and conditions of restoration, including implementation process, implementation effect, cost and other related information.

Grasp the monitoring of environmental quality and aquatic organisms and monitoring data.

5.2 Natural environment and water function information collection

The survey collects the natural environment information of the affected water area and the area where the water area is located, including.

a) Water area history, current status and planning function data;

b) Water area topography, hydrology and regional climate and meteorological data;

c) Geological and hydrological geomorphological data of the water area and its area;

d) Historical monitoring data of surface water and sediments;

e) Drinking water sources, ecological protection red lines, nature reserves, important wetlands, scenic spots and areas within the affected waters Information on the distribution of environmentally sensitive areas such as basic farmland and residential areas, as well as plankton, benthic animals, large aquatic plants, and fish The distribution of major biological resources such as swimming animals, waterfowl, mammals and riverside vegetation.

5.3 Socio-economic information collection

Collect socioeconomic information of the area where the affected waters are located, mainly including.

a) The current situation and development of the economy and major industries;

b) Related information on local regulations, policies and standards;

c) Related information on population, transportation, infrastructure, energy and water supply, related aquatic products, water resources prices, etc.

5.4 Develop a work plan

Based on the monitoring data, damage situation, natural environment and socio-economic information, preliminary judgment of surface water ecological environmental damage The range and type of possible damage, and if necessary, use actual monitoring data to simulate the spatial distribution of pollutants and aquatic organisms damage.

According to the basic situation of the incident and the needs of appraisal and evaluation, clarify the content of damage appraisal and evaluation work to be carried out, design work procedures, and communicate Determine the specific methods of appraisal and evaluation work through investigation, special research, expert consultation, etc., and prepare work plans.

6.1 Determine the survey object and scope

6.1.1 Principles of Investigation

According to the requirements of the evaluation work plan, refer to relevant standards such as HJ/T 91, HJ 493, HJ 494, HJ 495, HJ 589, etc.

Carry out sampling and analysis of surface water and sediment distribution to determine the environmental conditions of surface water and sediments, which can contribute to water ecological service functions, water Investigate the types and quantities of biological organisms; collect hydrological and geomorphological data, grasp the flow, velocity, water level, topography of rivers and lakes, and depth of sediment Key information such as the degree of temperature, surface water and groundwater circulation. At the same time, through historical data query, comparison area survey, standard comparison and selection, etc., Determine the baseline and confirm whether the surface water ecological environment has been damaged by comparison.

6.1.2 Investigation of water ecological service functions

Obtain the history, current situation and planning information of water resources in the survey area, and find out the damage to the surface water ecological environment before, during the damage period, and recovery During the recovery period, the dominant ecological functions and service types of the assessment area, such as the habitat of rare aquatic organisms, spawning grounds for fish and shrimps, feeding grounds for larval and juvenile fish, Supporting service functions such as fish and shrimp overwintering grounds and migration channels, germplasm resource protection areas, waterway transportation, shoreline stability, etc., flood regulation, storage, and invasion Corrosion control, water purification and other adjustment service functions, centralized drinking water source water, aquaculture water, agricultural irrigation water, industrial production Supply service functions such as water, fisheries, etc., human indirect contact with landscape function water, general landscape water, swimming and other leisure and entertainment, etc.

Cultural service function.

6.1.3 The focus of investigation of different types of incidents

According to the general situation of the incident, the relevant information of the affected water area and its surrounding environment, determine the investigation object and scope.

For sudden water environmental pollution incidents, mainly through on-site investigation, emergency monitoring, model simulation and other methods, focusing on investigation and judgment of pollution Source, nature of pollutants, environmental media that may be involved, possible pollutants affected by the hydrological and hydrogeological environment, and emergency handling of incidents Diffusion distribution range and secondary pollutants, the migration and transformation behavior of pollutants in water bodies, water ecological service functions and the extent of damage to aquatic organisms And space-time range. If emergency monitoring is not carried out in time and the concentration of pollutants in surface water cannot be obtained, the model can be used to simulate Forecast and use actual monitoring data for model verification.

For cumulative water environmental pollution incidents, the main methods of actual environmental monitoring and biological observation are mainly used to investigate pollution sources and pollutants.

Nature, possible environmental media, diffusion and distribution range of pollutants, migration and transformation of pollutants in water bodies, sediments, and organisms Behavior and its possible secondary pollutants, water ecological service function and damage degree and time-space range of aquatic organisms.

For water ecological damage events, mainly through actual investigation, biological observation, model simulation and other methods, focusing on the investigation of water ecological service function Damage to energy and aquatic organisms, time and space scope, secondary pollution that may be caused by aquatic ecological damage and its services to the water environment and water ecology Function and influence of aquatic organisms.

6.2 Determine survey indicators

According to the types and characteristics of surface water ecological environment events, relevant indicators are selected for investigation, monitoring and evaluation. Various types of surface water The main survey indicators of environmental incidents are shown in Table 1.

6.2.1 Screening of characteristic pollutants

For situations where the pollution source is clear, refer to industry emission standards, and through site surveys, data collection and personnel interviews, The production process of the industry, the use of raw materials and additives, and the physical and chemical changes of the substances in the surface water and sediment The secondary pollutants that may be generated by the interaction of substances, comprehensive analysis and identification of characteristic pollutants.

For cases where the source of pollution is unknown, qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of collected samples is used to identify characteristic pollutants.

For the screening of characteristic pollutants, priority should be given to my country’s relevant water environmental quality standards and sewage discharge standards, and the list of priority chemicals And the substances specified in the list of toxic and harmful water pollutants, combined with regional water function characteristics and the physical and chemical properties of chemical substances, corrosiveness, environmental Environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, acute and chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity, screening and identifying characteristic pollutants. When necessary, combined with relevant experimental testing Try to evaluate its hazards and determine whether it is a characteristic pollutant. Refer to GB/T 22234 and GB 13690 for the hazardous classification method of chemical substances.

The quality of the toxicity data of the chemical substances based on it shall comply with the relevant screening principles of HJ 831.

Common characteristic pollutants involved in water environment pollution incidents mainly include.

a) Inorganic pollutants. heavy metals, acids, alkalis, cyanides, fluorides, etc.;

b) Organic pollutants. oils, aliphatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene series, organic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, Phenols, esters, etc.;

c) Eutrophication characteristic indicators. nutrient indicators such as total phosphorus and total nitrogen, biological indicators such as chlorophyll a, transparency, algae biomass, etc.

Toxic substances produced by algal blooms such as microcystins and olfactory substances.

The indicators that affect the potential damage of pollutants to the surface water and sediment environment and aquatic organisms mainly include.

a) Hydrological indicators. temperature, flow velocity, water depth and other hydrological indicators related to flow changes;

b) Water quality indicators. pH, hardness, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, COD, redox potential, etc.;

c) Indexes of physical and chemical properties of deposition. particle size, organic carbon, sulfide, etc.

6.2.2 Determination of hydrological and geomorphological indicators

For river water bodies, select the river basin water system, basin boundary, river section shape, river section shrinkage coefficient, River section diffusion coefficient, river bed roughness, rainfall, evaporation, river runoff, river bottom gradient, river curvature, velocity, flow, Indicators such as water level, water temperature, sediment content, background water quality, recharge relationship between surface water and groundwater, and riverbed sedimentation structure.

For lakes...