GB/T 39791.1-2020Technical guidelines for identification and assessment of environmental damage - General principles and key components - Part 1: General principles (English PDF)

1 Scope of application

GB/T 39791.1-2020 is Part 1 of the Chinese technical guidelines for identifying and assessing ecological and environmental damage, and sets the general principles. China created a legal right of action for ecological damage, under which the state can sue a polluter for the harm done to the environment itself rather than only for the harm to people and property, and the whole regime depends on a defensible method for saying that damage occurred, that this defendant caused it, how much of it there was, and what it costs to put right. The standard sets the general provisions, the determination that ecological damage has occurred, the analysis of causation, the physical quantification of the damage, the quantification of its value and the evaluation of restoration, with informative annexes on the compilation of the assessment report, on equivalency analysis, on comparing and choosing restoration plans, and on the common environmental valuation methods. It excludes damage from nuclear and radiological causes and took effect on 1 January 2021.

This standard stipulates the general principles, procedures, content and methods of ecological environmental damage assessment. This standard is applicable to the identification and assessment of environmental damage caused by environmental pollution or ecological destruction. This standard does not apply to the identification and assessment of ecological and environmental damage caused by nuclear and radiation.

2 Normative references

This standard refers to the following documents or their clauses. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this standard. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this standard. Notice of the Ministry of Justice on Issuing the Format of Judicial Authentication Documents (Sifatong [2016] No. 112)

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.

3.1 Environmental damage Environmental air, surface water, sediments, soil, groundwater, sea water and other environmental elements and plants caused by environmental pollution and ecological destruction Unfavorable changes in biological elements such as animals and microorganisms, as well as the degradation and service reduction of the ecosystem composed of these elements.

3.2 Ecological functions In the process of material circulation and energy conversion that sustain life, the ecosystem provides various benefits to humans and organisms, usually including supply Service, adjustment service, cultural service and support function.

3.3 Survey area In order to determine the type, scope and extent of ecological environmental damage, the areas that need to be surveyed, monitored, observed, observed, investigated, and measured, Including the areas where environmental pollution or ecological damage occurs, possible impact areas, damage areas, and control areas.

3.4 Assessment area The investigation found that adverse changes in environmental quality, degradation of ecological service functions, etc., need to be carried out to identify, analyze and confirm ecological environmental damage. Recognized area.

3.5 Baseline The state of the ecological environment and its service functions in the assessment area when environmental pollution or ecological destruction has not occurred.

3.6 Interim damage From the occurrence of ecological environmental damage to the restoration to the baseline period, the ecosystem service function is lost or reduced.

3.7 Pollution clean-up The process of using engineering and technical means to block, control, remove, transfer, fix and dispose of pollutants in the ecological environment.

3.8 Environmental remediation After the pollution removal is completed, in order to further reduce the concentration of pollutants in the environment, engineering and management methods are used to reduce the human body caused by environmental pollution. The process of reducing health or ecological risks to acceptable risk levels.

3.9 Ecological restoration Take necessary and reasonable measures to restore the damaged ecological environment and its service functions to the baseline and compensate for the damage during the period, including the environment Restoration and restoration of ecological service functions. According to different restoration goals and stages, ecological environment restoration can be divided into basic restoration, compensatory restoration and Supplementary recovery.

3.10 Primary restoration The process of taking necessary and reasonable natural or artificial measures to restore the damaged ecological environment and its service functions to the baseline.

3.11 Compensatory restoration The process of taking necessary and reasonable measures to compensate for the damage to the ecological environment during the period.

3.12 Complementary restoration When basic restoration cannot fully restore the damaged ecological environment and its service functions, or compensatory restoration cannot compensate for the damage during the period, the amount External and remedial measures to further restore the damaged ecological environment and its service functions and compensate for the process of damage during the period.

3.13 Permanent damage The damaged ecological environment and its ecological service functions are difficult to restore, and its ability to provide services to humans or other ecosystems is completely lost.

5 Determination of ecological environmental damage

5.1 Ecological environmental damage investigation Through data collection and analysis, personnel interviews, site surveys, environmental monitoring, questionnaire surveys, ecological surveys, remote sensing image analysis, etc., Grasp the facts of environmental pollution or ecological damage, investigate and assess the ecological environment quality of the area and the current status and baseline of its service functions. base on needs, The content of ecological environment damage investigation may include.

a) The time and place of the environmental pollution behavior, the distribution of pollution sources (such as quantity and location), the types of characteristic pollutants and their emission Release conditions (such as emission method, emission destination, emission frequency, emission concentration and total amount, etc.);

b) The time, place, method of damage, objects of damage, scope of damage, and land use or vegetation coverage of ecological damage Type changes, etc.;

c) The current status and baseline of environmental quality in the assessment area, such as ambient air, surface water, sediment, soil, groundwater, and seawater;

d) The current status and baseline of the ecosystem structure and service function types of the assessment area;

e) The pollution removal and ecological environment restoration measures that have been carried out in the assessment area and their costs;

f) The current status and recoverability of the ecological environment damage in the area where alternative restoration is possible.

5.2 Baseline determination method Appropriate evaluation indicators and methods should be selected to investigate and determine the baseline. Methods of determining the baseline include.

a) Historical data. Prioritize the use of historical data before the occurrence of environmental pollution or ecological damage in the assessment area to determine the baseline. usable Historical data such as routine monitoring, special surveys, and academic research carried out in the assessment area. The historical data collected should be marked The source and time of the data, and the data used should be screened and screened. Historical data should have better time and space in the evaluation area. The data collection methods such as sampling and testing of historical data are comparable with current survey data. The number of samples (points The number of bits or sampling times) is not less than

5.The variability of historical data should be statistically described, and extreme values in the data should be identified Or outliers and analyze their causes to determine whether to eliminate extreme values or outliers. Determined according to the meaning of professional knowledge and evaluation indicators Baseline, for data that obeys a normal distribution, when pollution or damage causes the evaluation index to rise, 90% of the historical data is used The upper limit of the reference value (

1.65 times the standard deviation of the arithmetic mean) is used as the baseline; when pollution or damage causes the evaluation index to decrease, the The 90% lower limit of the historical data reference value (arithmetic mean-

1.65 times the standard deviation) was used as the baseline. For non-normal distribution When pollution or damage leads to an increase in the evaluation index, the 90th percentile of historical data is used as the baseline; When contamination or damage causes the evaluation index to decrease, the 10th percentile of historical data is used as the baseline;

b) Control data. When there is a lack of historical data in the assessment area or the historical data does not meet the requirements, the unpolluted environment or the The historical or current data of the "control area" affected by bad ecological behaviors determines the baseline. Should select one or more Comparable control areas that are not affected by environmental pollution or ecological damage. The comparison area data should have a good time And spatial representation, and its data collection method should be comparable to the evaluation area, and comply with the quality assurance regulations of the evaluation plan, The number of samples (number of points or sampling times) is not less than

5.For the collected historical data, the source and time of the data should be indicated, The information used should be screened and screened. The variability of the "control area" data should be statistically described to identify the data The extreme value or outlier value and analyze the reason to determine whether to eliminate the extreme value or outlier, according to the meaning of professional knowledge and evaluation index To determine the baseline, the determination principle is the same as a);

6 Causality analysis

6.1 Causality analysis of environmental pollution behavior The content of the analysis of the causal relationship between environmental pollution and ecological environmental damage includes.

a) Time sequence analysis. Analyze and judge the time sequence of environmental pollution behavior and ecological environmental damage. Environmental pollution Should occur before the ecological environment damage;

b) Homology analysis of pollutants. Sampling and analysis of the composition, concentration and isotope abundance of pollutants in pollution sources, environmental media and organisms Etc., using stable isotopes, radioisotopes, fingerprints, multivariate statistical analysis and other technical methods to determine pollution sources, Whether the pollutants in environmental media and organisms have homology;

c) Analysis of the rationality of the migration path. Analyze and evaluate natural environmental conditions such as climate and weather, topography and geomorphology, hydrogeology, etc., to determine pollution The possibility of contaminants migrating from the pollution source to the environmental medium; if it causes biological damage, the possibility of the pollutant reaching the biological Capability. Establish the migration path hypothesis from the pollution source through the environmental medium to the organism, identify each unit that divides the migration path, Use spatial analysis, migration and diffusion models and other methods to analyze the migration direction and concentration changes of pollutants, analyze and judge each Whether the unit can form a complete chain to verify the continuity, rationality and integrity of the migration path;

d) Analysis of the possibility of biological exposure. Identify the exposure media, exposure pathways and exposure methods of organisms exposed to pollutants, and combine organisms Internal exposure and external exposure measurement to determine the possibility of biological exposure to pollutants;

e) Analysis of the possibility of biological damage. Through literature review, expert consultation and toxicological experiments, analysis of pollutant exposure and biological The correlation between the damage, to clarify the possible mechanism of action between pollutant exposure and biological damage; to establish the relationship between pollutant exposure and damage The dose-response relationship, combined with the concentration of pollutants in environmental media, internal biological exposure and external exposure, etc., analyze and determine biological The possibility of damage caused by exposure level;

f) Analyze the influence of natural and other man-made factors, and explain the uncertainty of causality analysis.

6.2 Causality analysis of ecological damage The content of the analysis of the causal relationship between ecological damage and ecological environmental damage includes.

a) Time sequence analysis. Analyze and judge the time sequence of ecological destruction and ecological environmental damage. Destructive behavior Should occur before the ecological environment damage;

b) Analysis of the possibility of damage. According to ecological theory, through literature review, expert consultation, remote sensing image analysis, sample survey and Ecological experiments and other methods to analyze the relationship between ecological damage and ecological environmental damage;

c) The establishment of a chain of causality. Based on ecological the...