GB/T 39792.1-2020Technical Guidelines for Identification and Assessment of Eco-environmental Damage Environmental Elements - Part 1: Soil and Groundwater (English PDF)

3.1 Soil

The loose layer on the earth's land surface composed of minerals, organic matter, water, air, and biological organisms.

3.2 Groundwater

Water buried in voids in the earth's crust in various forms.

3.3 Environmental sensitive area

Legally established protected areas of various levels and areas, as well as areas particularly sensitive to certain types of pollutants or ecological impacts, mainly include ecological protection

The ecological protection red lines, nature reserves, special marine protection areas, drinking water source protection areas, basic

Farmland protection areas, basic grasslands, important wetlands, natural forests, important wildlife habitats, key protected wild plant growth and reproduction areas, heavy

The habitats and migration channels of aquatic organisms, natural fishing grounds, key water and soil erosion prevention areas, sandy land closed protection areas, and natural coastlines,

As well as areas whose main functions are housing, medical and health, cultural education, scientific research, and administrative office.

3.4 Health risk assessment

Based on soil and groundwater surveys, analyze the main exposure pathways of pollutants to the population, and evaluate the effects of pollutants on human health

The carcinogenic risk or hazard level.

3.5 Conceptual model

Use words, diagrams, tables, etc. to systematically and comprehensively describe pollution sources, pollutant migration pathways, and exposure of the human body or ecological receptors to polluting media

Process and contact methods, etc.

3.6 Receptor

Environmental factors such as soil and groundwater in the assessment area and its surrounding environment that may be affected by environmental pollution or ecological damage, and

People, biological groups and ecosystems.

3.7 Theoretical treatment cost

The governance cost calculated by the governance cost function. The governance cost function takes governance costs as the dependent variable, and uses processing technology and processing

Factors such as scale and pollutant removal efficiency are function models constructed by independent variables. When the concentration of pollutants and governance objectives are determined, the

The above variables are brought into the governance cost function, and the corresponding theoretical governance costs can be obtained.

4.1 Work plan formulation

Grasp the basic situation of ecological environmental damage involving soil and groundwater, and understand the natural environment and social conditions of the damaged area and surrounding areas;

Preliminarily judge the damage scope of soil and groundwater, clarify the content of the ecological environment damage identification assessment involving soil and groundwater, and determine the identification

Evaluation methods, preparation of appraisal and evaluation work plans.

4.2 Damage investigation confirmation

Through conducting geological and hydrogeological surveys, soil and groundwater pollution status surveys, soil and groundwater ecological service function surveys, soil

The baseline level survey of soil and groundwater environmental quality and its ecological service function, to determine whether the soil and groundwater environment and its ecological service function got damage.

4.3 Causality analysis

Through pollution source analysis, migration and transformation process analysis and verification, analyze whether there is a relationship between environmental pollution behavior and soil and groundwater damage

Causal relationship. By analyzing the mechanism of ecological damage caused by soil and groundwater damage, determine ecological damage and soil and groundwater damage

Whether there is a causal relationship between harms.

4.4 Physical quantification of soil and groundwater damage and development of restoration plans

Screen soil and groundwater damage assessment indicators to determine the extent and scope of damage. When the damaged soil and groundwater can be restored, the study determines the base

For this restoration goal, formulate alternative basic restoration plans, estimate restoration time, calculate period damage, determine the scale of compensatory restoration, and formulate alternatives

Compensatory restoration plans, conduct comprehensive comparison and selection of restoration plans, and determine the best plan.

4.5 Quantification of soil and groundwater damage value

Based on whether the soil and groundwater damage has been restored, whether it needs to be restored, whether it can be restored, etc., the restoration cost method and actual

Governance cost method, theoretical governance cost method, virtual governance cost method, resource value method and other environmental value evaluation methods

Quantify.

4.6 Preparation of soil and groundwater damage assessment report

Compile ecological environmental damage assessment reports (opinions) involving soil and groundwater, and establish a complete

Water ecological environment damage identification and assessment work files. The evaluation of the effect of ecological environment restoration shall prepare an independent evaluation report of the effect of ecological environment restoration.

4.7 Evaluation of soil and groundwater restoration effect

Regularly track the restoration of soil and groundwater damage and evaluate whether the restoration effect has reached the expected goal. When the expected goal is not reached, the design

And implement a supplementary restoration plan; when it is judged by the risk assessment and other processes that no supplementary restoration is needed, the environmental value assessment method

Should loss calculation.

See Figure 1 for the identification and assessment procedures of ecological environmental damage involving soil and groundwater. In practice, you can appropriately simplify the

The above-mentioned related work shall be carried out selectively. When necessary, special topics should be carried out in response to key issues in the assessment of ecological environmental damage the study.

The basic situation of soil and groundwater ecological environmental damage, understand the natural environment and social conditions of the damaged area and surrounding areas, analyze the soil and ground

The scope of possible damage to the launching water, clarify the main content of the ecological environment damage identification and assessment work involving soil and groundwater, and study to determine the assessment

Specific methods of work, preparation of appraisal and evaluation work plans.

5.1 Basic situation survey

a) Information related to the source of damage. pollution source, production history, production process and pollutant generation link, location, pollutant discharge,

Stacking, landfilling and disposal areas, historical pollution accidents and their handling conditions; for environmental emergencies, the incident should be ascertained

Time and location, the type and nature of pollutants that may be produced, the discharge amount (volume, mass), pollutant concentration, etc.

Circumstances; for ecological damage incidents, understand the nature of the incident, damage mode, time, location and other basic information;

b) Information related to the damage process. pollutant discharge method, discharge time, discharge frequency, discharge destination, characteristic pollutant category, concentration

Degree, possible secondary pollutant type, concentration and other information and conditions; damaged forest land, cultivated land, grassland, wetland and other ecological

The natural state of the system, as well as the time, method and process of damage to animals and plants;

c) Information related to preliminary treatment and disposal. control measures such as pollutant clean-up, prevention of pollution spread, or relevant information on the implementation of ecological restoration measures

Materials and conditions, including implementation process, implementation effect, cost and other related information;

d) Historical and current monitoring related information. monitoring work development and monitoring data, including monitoring data of soil and groundwater environmental quality

According to survey data such as the number, density, abundance, structure, community composition and structure of indicative biological species;

e) The current status and recoverability of the ecological environment damage in the area where alternative restoration may be carried out.

5.2 Natural environment and socio-economic information collection

Investigation and collection of natural environmental information in the assessed area, including.

a) Topography, geomorphology, hydrology, climate and weather data;

b) Geological and hydrogeological data;

c) The history, current situation and planning information of land and groundwater utilization;

d) The distribution of existing groundwater wells;

e) Information on the distribution of environmentally sensitive areas such as residential areas, drinking water sources, ecological protection red lines, nature reserves, wetlands, and scenic spots

Information and the distribution of major biological resources;

f) Distribution of factories, mines, reservoirs, structures, ditches, underground pipe networks, seepage pits and other non-point source pollution.

Collect socio-economic information of the assessment area, including.

a) The current status and development of the economy and major industries;

b) Related information on local regulations, policies and standards;

c) Information on population, transportation, infrastructure, energy and water supply.

5.3 Work plan formulation

According to the damage situation and the collected natural environmental and social information, preliminary judgment of the possible damage type, soil and underground

The scope of possible damage to the water environment and its ecological service functions, including time and space. If necessary, it can be combined with remote sensing map and image map.

Perform auxiliary judgments, or use existing monitoring data to simulate the spatial distribution of pollutants. When there is a lack of time-sensitive monitoring data, establish a regional

Or deduct the conceptual model of the site to determine the scope of possible damage.

According to the basic situation of the damage and the entrusted items of the appraisal and evaluation, clarify the content of the damage appraisal and evaluation work to be carried out and design the working procedures

Through investigation, special research, expert consultation, etc., determine the specific method of each appraisal and evaluation work, and prepare the evaluation work plan.

6.1 Geological and hydrogeological survey

6.1.1 Purpose of Investigation

The purpose of geological and hydrogeological survey is to understand the soil properties, stratum lithology distribution, structural development, groundwater types,

The distribution of aquifers, groundwater replenishment and drainage conditions, etc., to obtain geological information and key hydrogeological parameters, and to determine whether pollutants are in the soil and water

The migration and diffusion conditions in the layer lay the foundation for the investigation of soil and groundwater pollution, and contribute to the soil and groundwater environment and its ecological services.

Provide basis for the quantification and causality determination of the damage.

6.1.2 Investigation principles

a) Make full use of existing information. Preliminary understanding of the geological and hydrogeological information of the assessed area based on the existing data, focusing on the existing data

There are well data, preliminary identification and evaluation of regional aquifer distribution, groundwater flow field, groundwater replenishment and drainage information, the existing data is insufficient

To carry out further investigations;

b) Conduct surveys taking into account the hydrogeological conditions of the area and the assessment area. Obtain regional geological and hydrogeological data, combined with site survey

Accuracy, screening and application of acquired data, preliminary judgment and evaluation of regional geological and hydrogeological information, taking into account local changes

If the regional data cannot meet the needs of the survey, use drilling, geophysical prospecting and related tests to carry out targeted

The necessary assessment of regional geological and hydrogeological survey work.

6.1.3 Investigation method

a) Data collection

Further collect relevant data such as the assessment area geological map, borehole columnar map, geological section map, geological structure map, hydrogeological map, etc.

The stratum lithology and its distribution, and the development of bedrock fissures in the assessment area, master the groundwater storage conditions and aquifer distribution (buried

Depth, thickness, lithology), hydrogeological unit division, groundwater replenishment and drainage conditions and key hydrogeological parameters.

b) Status survey

Collect well construction data of built water wells, understand well depth, well structure, well construction material properties, water filter pipe distribution and other information, according to aquifer formation

The characteristics of the structure, the water level survey of the built wells, the depth of groundwater and the flow direction of groundwater in different water-bearing rock groups, and the structure and quantity of the built wells

And the location meets the conditions, it can also be used to carry out hydrogeological tests and obtain key hydrogeological parameters. Use existing wells to carry out water level monitoring,

When monitoring water quality, care should be taken to exclude water wells with incomplete well construction records and lax well closure.

c) Drilling, geophysical prospecting and testing

For those with a large damage area, preliminary identification of the near-surface strata medium and special structure distribution, and inconvenience for large-scale drilling work

Circumstances, prioritize the selection of geophysical prospecting methods to identify areas, identify key areas, guide subsequent drilling or hydrogeological tests, and pass

Drilling verification or further identification of concerns in key areas, such as identifying the distribution of fissures to determine priority channels for pollutant migration, and passing through hydrological land

Qualitative tests identify abnormal permeability areas to obtain information on the migration rate of local pollutants and the cause of sudden changes in the distribution.

For situations where the damage scope is small, the distribution characteristics of pollutants need to be investigated in detail, and detailed drilling investigations are available, full advantage should be taken.

Use the existing hydrogeological survey data, geophysical prospecting results and other data in the assessment area, and carry out drilling or hydrogeology at key points of interest as needed

Test work to obtain groundwater storage conditions, aquifer distribution, groundwater replenishment and drainage conditions and important hydrogeological parameters in the assessment area.

When a single technical means is not enough to meet the needs of damage assessment investigation work, a comprehensive application of multiple technical means is required, such as the inability to judge bedrock

When the fissures are distributed, a combination of geophysical prospecting and drilling can be used to find out the distribution of bedrock fissures, and soil drilling and groundwater monitoring wells can be used

The drilling records during the drilling process determine the formation lithology and its distribution, and use the groundwater monitoring wells to carry out hydrogeological tests.

6.2 Investigation of the status quo of soil and groundwater environmental quality

6.2.1 Identification and selection of characteristic indicators

For situations where the pollution source is clear, priority is given to collecting samples that can represent the characteristics of the pollution source, through analysis and testing, according to the pollution source detected

The characteristic pollutants can also be determined through site survey, data collection and personnel interviews, according to the production process of the pollution source and industry characteristics.

Collect and evaluate regional environmental conditions, pollutant properties and transformation laws, comprehensively analyze, identify and select characteristic pollutants.

For situations where the source of the pollution is unknown, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the pollutants is carried out by collecting samples of soil and groundwater that may be damaged.

Screen characteristic pollutants. Selecting characteristic pollutants from the detected pollutants should be combined with the characteristics of the assessment area, and priority should be given to the relevant environmental quality in my country

Substances in the standard. For the detected substances that are not in the relevant environmental quality standards, the relevant foreign standards and research results should be consulted.

When necessary, combine relevant experimental tests to evaluate its hazards and determine whether it is a characteristic pollutant.

When the pollution source is acidic and alkaline substances, pH should be listed as an evaluation index. When no characteristic pollutants are identified, but the assessment area soil

Or the groundwater shows obvious color or odor abnormality, and the color or odor should be listed as an indicator for auxiliary evaluation. For other obvious pollution rings

Environmental behavior, but the characteristic pollutants are not clear, and there is no acid-base, abnormal color or smell. The soil and underground are screened according to the actual situation.

Water-related physical and chemical indicators are used as characteristic indicators or auxiliary evaluation indicators.

The selection of characteristic indicators should also consider the secondary pollutants that may be generated during the pollutant conversion process, and the introduction of the initial emergency treatment and repair process.

The imported substances and the secondary pollutants that may be generated during the preliminary emergency treatment and repair process.

6.2.2 Point and depth layout

For a single source of damage, a short damage time, a small amount of pollutant discharge, a limited scope of suspected damage, or the scope of pollutant migration and diffusion

Relatively minor circumstances, according to the location where the pollution ... […]