GB/T 39652.3-2021Emergency response guideline for transportation of dangerous goods—Part 3: Response distance (English PDF)

3.1 Rescue distance

It is recommended as a safe distance to protect personnel from contacting the toxic gas generated after the leakage of inhaled toxic substances.

Note: The rescue distance includes the initial isolation distance and protection distance.

3.2 Initialisolationdistance

The safe distance for all personnel to evacuate from the source of hazardous material leakage to the surroundings.

Note: This distance is defined as the radius from any point of a circle (outer periphery of the initial isolation zone) to the center of the leakage source. When the people in the circle are at the source of the leak When it is upwind, it may be in danger; when it is downwind from the source of the leak, it may endanger life.

3.3 Protective distance

The distance from the downwind of the source of hazardous material leakage to the health and safety of emergency rescuers and the public.

3.4 Initialisolationzone

When an accident occurs, public lives may be threatened, a circular area centered on the source of the leak.

3.5 Protectionarea

In the underground wind direction where the accident occurs, the personnel are unable to perform protective actions due to loss of ability and may cause serious or irreversible health hazards And the area where protective measures are taken.

3.6 Evacuation retreat

The process of transferring all personnel from the hazardous area to the safe area.

Note: In the case of sufficient time, evacuation is the best protective measure.

3.7 Hide on the spot

The process of finding and using shelters and avoiding them until the end of the danger.

3.8 Public gathering place

Satisfy all public services used by the public for work, study, economy, culture, social interaction, entertainment, sports, visits, medical care, health, rest, tourism, etc.

The general term for the space inside and outside the building and its facilities.

Note: Such as hotels, restaurants, shopping malls, bazaars, passenger terminal waiting rooms, passenger terminal waiting halls, civil airport terminals, stadiums, halls, public entertainment Places, and other places with the same or similar functions as the listed places. A place where many people gather at a public gathering place at the same time.

3.9 Crowded places assemblyoccupancy

Note: Such as the outpatient building, ward building of the hospital, the school teaching building, library, canteen and dormitory, nursing home, nursery, public library reading room, public exhibition Exhibition halls, production and processing workshops and dormitories for employees of labor-intensive enterprises, places for tourism and religious activities, etc.

3.10 Inhalation toxic substances

Gases or volatile liquids and other substances that have a toxic effect on humans by inhalation.

Note: Including in the diffusion process, known to be harmful to humans and form a gas or volatile liquid that threatens health; or although the impact on human health is unknown, according to the test As a result, its median lethal concentration reached 5000mL/m3 or below, and its toxicity may have adverse effects on humans.

4.1 General requirements

In the initial rescue phase, emergency rescuers should divide the initial isolation area and the protection area. The division procedure is. first confirm the risk of leakage Characteristics, and then analyze the toxicity of the leaked material (including inhalation toxicity, non-inhalation toxicity and water reaction, etc.) and accident site conditions (Including the leakage of hazardous materials, the wind direction on the site, the time of the accident, the packaging container, whether it is on fire, etc.), then check the initial isolation distance The distance and protection distance table determines the initial isolation distance and protection distance, and considers whether there is an impact on the initial isolation distance and protection at the accident site.

Special factors for distance determination (see 4.4 and 4.5), and finally delimit the initial isolation zone and the protection zone. See the process of dividing the initial isolation zone and the protection zone figure 1.

According to the specific accident situation and relevant influencing factors, the professional emergency rescue personnel at the accident handling site should make a decision that meets actual needs. Adjustment.

5 Protection measures and requirements for the initial isolation zone and protection zone

5.1 General requirements

Emergency commanders, rescuers, and monitoring personnel in the initial isolation area should wear corresponding protective clothing and use respiratory protection equipment.

5.2 Protective measures for the initial isolation area

5.2.1 The emergency commander should organize the crowd to evacuate the initial isolation area along the crosswind direction.

5.2.2 When evacuating people in public gathering places and crowded places, it should be combined with the emergency evacuation plan of the place or area.

5.3 Protective measures for the protection zone

5.3.1 When conditions permit, the emergency commander should first organize the evacuation of the crowd. When the evacuation is more dangerous or impossible to take evacuation measures In the case of implementation, avoid in-situ.

5.3.2 When evacuating or evacuating on the spot, no matter what the situation, the emergency commander should inform the public and give guidance in time.

5.4 Evacuation requirements

The evacuation should comply with the following requirements.

a) Before implementing the evacuation, there should be enough time to report to the public and inform the public so as to prepare for the evacuation;

b) The crowds closest to the accident site and outdoor crowds who can directly see the accident site should be evacuated first;

c) If the rescue force is strengthened, the evacuation area should be further expanded to the area downwind and cross wind direction of the leakage source to ensure the evacuation of the crowd There is no need to transfer even when the wind direction changes;

d) Public gatherings are strictly prohibited during evacuation and evacuation.

5.5 Evasion in place requirements

Evacuation in place should follow the following requirements.

a) Preferentially choose buildings with closed doors and windows as shelters;

b) There are vehicles nearby and the doors and windows are well closed, which can be used for short-term shelter after closing the ventilation system;

c) After entering the shelter, all doors and windows of the building should be closed immediately, all ventilation, cooling and heating systems should be shut down, and the windows should be kept away;

d) Keep in touch with information outside the shelter at any time.

5.6 Circumstances not suitable for taking avoidance measures in place

In the following situations, it is not suitable to take avoidance measures in place.

a) The accident leakage is flammable gas;

b) The overflowing gas dissipates slowly locally and takes a long time;

c) Building doors and windows cannot be closed tightly.

5.7 Evacuation and avoidance effectiveness evaluation

5.7.1 Before making a decision to evacuate or avoid in-situ, the effectiveness of evacuation and avoid in-situ should be evaluated.

5.7.2 Evaluation factors, mainly including dangerous goods, endangering people and meteorological conditions, etc..

a) For dangerous goods factors, the hazard to health, physical and chemical properties, quantity, release and controllability, and gas should be considered Diffusion rate, etc.;

b) Factors that endanger the crowd, should consider the location of the endangered crowd, the total number of people, the time available for evacuation or avoiding on the spot, and control the evacuation Or the ability to avoid on the spot, the type of building and its availability, special institutions or groups of people (such as rescue stations, hospitals and prisons, etc.);

c) Meteorological conditions, the influence of meteorological conditions on the diffusion of vapor and cloud and fog of the leakage, the possibility of meteorological changes, and the impact on evacuation should be considered. Or the influence of avoiding on the spot, etc.