GB/T 30117.1-2024Photobiological safety of non-coherent light products - Part 1: General requirements (English PDF)

4.1 Overview

Due to the strong absorption of optical radiation by human tissue, the assessment of optical radiation hazards needs to consider the exposure of human tissues such as the skin, the anterior tissue of the eye (cornea, conjunctiva and lens) and the retina.

This document includes optical radiation with a wavelength between 200 nm~3000 nm.

Due to the transmissive properties of the anterior tissue of the adult eye, the exposure of the retina only needs to consider optical radiation with a wavelength between 300 nm~1400 nm.

The types of optical radiation hazards considered in this document are listed in Table 1.

Details are provided in subsequent clauses in this chapter. Annex C provides detailed background information. When the wavelength characteristics of a product are known, it may not be necessary to evaluate all hazards across all wavelength ranges. For example, a red LED light source is unlikely to emit UV radiation and does not require an assessment for UV hazards.

4.2 Photochemical UV hazard assessment

The wavelength range for photochemical UV hazard assessment of non-coherent light products is 200 nm~400 nm. The effective photochemical UV irradiance shall be calculated according to formula (5).

Where,

ES - Actinic ultraviolet irradiance, in watts per square meter (W·m-2);

Elambda - Spectral irradiance, in watts per square meter nanometers (W·m-2·nm-1), measured at the distance specified in Chapter 6 and the angle of acceptance in Table 3;

SUV(lambda) - Action spectrum of photochemical UV hazards;

deltalambda - Wavelength interval, in nanometers (nm).

The measured value Es for continuous light sources shall be compared with the risk group emission limits in Table 4.For pulsed optical radiation, the time average value of Es shall be compared with the risk group emission limits in Table 6.

The action spectrum SUV(lambda) shall be taken according to Table D.1 in Annex D.

4.3 Near-UV hazard assessment

The wavelength range for near-ultraviolet hazard assessment of non-coherent light products is 315 nm~400 nm. The near-ultraviolet irradiance EUVA shall be calculated according to formula (6).

Where,

EUVA - Near-ultraviolet irradiance, in watts per square meter (W·m-2);

Elambda - Spectral irradiance, in watts per square meter nanometers (W·m-2·nm-1), measured at the distance specified in Chapter 6 and the angle of acceptance in Table 3;

deltalambda - Wavelength interval, in nanometers (nm).

For continuous light sources, the measured value EUVA is compared with the risk group emission limits in Table 4.For pulsed emission, the time average value of EUVA is compared with the risk group emission limits in Table 4.

4.4 Retinal blue light hazard assessment

The wavelength range for retinal blue light hazard assessment of non-coherent light products is 300 nm~700 nm. The effective radiance of retinal blue light, LB, shall be calculated according to formula (7).

4.8 Eye infrared radiation hazard assessment

The wavelength range for the assessment of infrared radiation hazards to the eyes of non-coherent light products is 780 nm~3000 nm. The infrared radiation irradiance EIR of the eyes shall be calculated according to formula (12).

Where,

EIR - Eye hazardous infrared radiation irradiance, in watts per square meter (W·m-2);

Elambda - Spectral irradiance, in watts per square meter nanometers (W·m-2·nm-1), measured at the distance specified in Chapter 6 and the angle of acceptance specified in Table 3;

deltalambda - Wavelength interval, in nanometers (nm).

The measured value EIR of continuous optical radiation shall be compared with the risk group emission limits in Table 4.Pulsed optical radiation shall be compared with the risk group emission limits in Chapter 8.

NOTE. If the unweighted total irradiance does not exceed the AEL, the spectral weighting calculation in formula (12) is not required.

4.9 Skin radiant heat hazard assessment

The wavelength range for skin radiation heat hazard assessment of non-coherent light products is 380 nm~3000 nm. The skin radiation heat hazard irradiance EH shall be calculated according to formula (13).

Where,

EH - Skin radiant heat hazard irradiance, in watts per square meter (W·m-2);

Elambda - Spectral irradiance, in watts per square meter nanometers (W·m-2·nm-1), measured at the distance specified in Chapter 6 and the angle of acceptance specified in Table 3;

deltalambda - Wavelength interval, in nanometers (nm).

The measured value EH for continuous optical radiation shall be compared with the risk group emission limits in Table 4.Pulsed optical radiation shall be compared with the risk group emission limits in Chapter 8.

NOTE 1.For skin and eye hazard assessments of optical radiation, only the irradiance within the wavelength range below 3000 nm needs to be compared with the corresponding emission limits. If direct measurement is performed using a broadband thermal radiation detector, the spectral irradiance above 3000 nm may significantly affect the measured value. For example, for a thermal radiator with a surface temperature of 1000°C, optical radiation with wavelengths above 3000 nm may double the measured value.

NOTE 2.A summary of information on issues related to measurement uncertainty is given in Annex

E.

5.1 Overview

Risk Classification indicates the severity of potential adverse health effects. Depending on the conditions of use, duration of exposure, or environment, these risks may not actually result in an adverse health effect. This classification helps users select appropriate control measures to minimize the risk.

5.2 Definition of risk levels

The following risk levels are arranged in order of increasing severity.

· Exempt class (RG 0). No photobiological hazard under foreseeable conditions.

· Risk Category 1 (RG 1). The hazard is limited by normal human behavioral responses to exposure.

· Risk Category 1C (RG 1C). The hazard is limited by engineering controls of optical radiation, ensuring that any optical radiation leakage does not exceed RG 1.RG 1C products are intended for dermal use and may present a high risk to the skin. Therefore, a product may be classified as RG 1C only if the specific product standard provides appropriate engineering control specifications.

· Risk Category 2 (RG 2). The hazard is limited by the human body's aversion response to intense optical radiation, heat perception to sources emitting primarily infrared radiation, or normal behavioral responses to sources emitting primarily ultraviolet radiation. However, this aversion response may be consciously overcome.

· Risk Category 3 (RG 3). Optical radiation sources that may produce adverse health effects even after brief or transient exposure.

Non-coherent light products shall be assigned a risk level based on the strictest (highest

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