GB/T 17680.5-2008Criteria for offsite emergency planning and preparedness for nuclear power plants - Part 5: Maintenance of emergency response capabilities (English PDF)

2.1 emergency

status in which certain immediate actions beyond normal working procedures are required to avoid nuclear accidents at nuclear power plants or to mitigate the possible consequences of accidents, sometimes referred to as emergency status. It also generally refers to taking actions beyond normal working procedures

2.2 emergency plan

approved document that describes the emergency response functions, organizations, facilities and equipment of the preparation and implementation organizations, as well as their coordination and mutual support relationships with external emergency organizations. The emergency plan should be implemented through emergency implementing procedures

2.3 emergency response

emergency action taken to control or mitigate the consequences of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency status

2.4 emergency exercise

practical activity that simulates emergency response in order to test and improve the effectiveness of the emergency plan, the soundness of emergency preparedness, the adaptability of emergency response capabilities and the coordination of emergency personnel. According to the content and scope involved, it can be divided into drill, comprehensive exercise, and joint exercise

2.5 exercise scenario

drill or exercise control document prepared based on actual possible events and/or accident scenarios to achieve the predetermined objectives of the exercise. It appropriately trims or compresses the events, event sequence, and timeline of the accident scenario, detailing the characteristics and course of the trimmed or compressed events and indicating the corresponding expected response actions

2.6 drill

organized training in a specific operational skill or in the operation of an implementation procedure for an emergency response to maintain emergency response capabilities, commonly referred to as single exercise

2.7 comprehensive exercise

emergency exercise conducted by all or part of the emergency response organizations to improve emergency response capabilities, to check emergency plans and procedures, and to enhance coordination and cooperation between emergency response organizations

2.8 joint exercise

exercise conducted by the on-site and off-site emergency organizations jointly with all or part of their subordinate organizations according to the unified exercise scenario in order to improve the emergency response capability, especially the coordination capability

2.9 controller

personnel who supervise and direct the conduct of exercise scenarios

2.10 evaluator

personnel who evaluates the conduct of a drill or exercise

3.1 Training program

Departments and organizations to undertake emergency response tasks shall formulate training programs in accordance with the requirements of relevant regulations and the requirements of emergency plans. The training program shall clearly specify the training objects, training requirements, training plans, training contents, training methods, trainers, training frequency, training evaluation, training records, etc.

3.2 Training objects

Corresponding training shall be provided for all personnel who may undertake tasks in emergency response service, including emergency commander, emergency coordinator, communication personnel, accident assessment personnel, radiation monitoring personnel, medical rescue personnel, and logistics support personnel, as well as liaison personnel with media system, firefighting personnel, and other off-site support personnel.

3.3 Training requirements

All emergency response personnel shall be trained on relevant emergency laws and regulations, emergency plan and implementing procedures, and specific emergency tasks to be undertaken. These trainings shall be conducted in strict compliance with the requirements of the training program. Necessary tests should be conducted to check the effectiveness of the training through regular drills and exercises so that emergency response personnel can reach the qualified level through training.

3.4 Training plan

The corresponding training plan shall be made. The training plan must set clear training objectives, training contents, instructional training materials, and inspection methods for training effects.

3.5 Training contents

3.5.1

The training contents include both common and professional contents. All participants in emergency training shall learn or understand the common training contents, mainly including:

a) Basic knowledge of nuclear energy and nuclear safety;

b) Basic knowledge of ionizing radiation hazards and radiation protection;

c) Basic concepts of nuclear emergency;

d) Nuclear emergency regulatory management system;

e) Organizational system of nuclear emergency response;

f) Technical support system of nuclear emergency response;

g) General methods for accident consequence assessment;

h) Emergency plan and preparedness;

i) Communication with the public and media;

j) Experience and lessons learned.

3.5.2

Professional training mainly involves the basic knowledge and skills required for various emergency professional organizations to complete specific tasks, emergency implementing procedures, responsibilities of relevant emergency response personnel and the use of relevant emergency equipment, etc., mainly including:

a) Emergency plan and implementing procedures;

b) Emergency organizations and responsibilities;

c) Emergency classification;

d) Basic characteristics of nuclear power plant accidents and radioactive releases;

e) Accident analysis and consequence prediction and assessment technologies;

f) Emergency countermeasures and protective measures;

g) Performance, use and maintenance methods of emergency response facilities, equipment and radiation monitoring instruments;

h) Emergency radiation monitoring;

i) Radioactive decontamination;

j) Medical treatment;

k) International nuclear incident notification and support.

3.6 Training methods

3.6.1 Classroom teaching

The emergency training contents delivered in the classroom includes common contents and some relevant professional contents.

Necessary training aids, such as educational materials, reference material catalogues, demonstration equipment, and audio-visual materials related to emergency response tasks, shall be provided.

3.6.2 Internship

Through internship, trainees shall master the skills and techniques related to the emergency facilities and equipment operation and the emergency procedures implementation. Qualified personnel shall be assigned to examine or assess the performance of the trainees.

3.7 Trainer

Trainers shall be experts in the respective training content area or personnel with extensive practical experience. The qualifications of the trainer to be appointed shall be examined before the training.

3.8 Training frequency

All off-site emergency response personnel shall receive an initial training appropriate to their emergency tasks and retrained regularly as required by the training program.

3.9 Training evaluation

The training effect of trainees shall be evaluated in written form on the basis of examination, test and internship. The evaluation contents include the trainees' correct understanding of the training contents, the skills and techniques for implementing emergency instructions, and the results of classroom training and internship.

3.10 Training records

Relevant records shall be made and kept for emergency trainees, including their name, title, employers and emergency post, training date, main contents of the training, evaluation results, and attendance records. These records shall be properly kept for easy reference during their duration of their employment or potential employment in nuclear emergency work.

3.11 Improvement of training program

The training program shall be revised and improved as necessary at least every two years based on changes in emergency plans or regulations and relevant experience gained during training, drills and exercises.

3.12 Maintenance of emergency plan and implementing procedures

The emergency plan and implementing procedures shall be reviewed every two years. The relevant parts of the emergency plan and implementing procedures are to be modified promptly in accordance with changes in the relevant national emergency management regulations, changes in the nuclear power plant and its surroundings, changes in the emergency organization, problems identified during emergency exercises, and developments in the relevant technologies.

After the emergency plan and implementing procedures are modified, it shall be submitted for approval according to the original approval procedures, and the modified contents shall be notified to relevant parties in time.