GB/T 14788-2018Raw nyctereutes procyonoides skin (English PDF)

2.1 Skin in season

A skin whose fur and leather side are mature.

2.2 Form whole

A skin with head, ears, nose and tail all complete.

2.3 Nice hide

A leather side that is soft and tough, highly elastic, well oiled and lustrous, with no visible pigmentation.

2.4 Stretched

The skin forcibly stretched when mounted on the drying board, so that the fur becomes sparse.

2.5 Sclerothrix necked

Sparse and short fur on the neck.

2.6 Dermatome were soaked with fat

Leather side yellowish black in colour, with grease deposits, wrinkled, brittle and hard (fat-burnt leather).

2.7 Shedders

Hair loss caused by exposure to damp, heat or stuffy confinement.

2.8 Rubbed

Guard hairs worn away locally.

2.9 Bald crotch

Fur on the buttocks worn away.

2.10 Sclerothrix back

Guard hairs in the middle of the back shorter and sparser than the hair on both sides.

2.11 Matted

Guard hairs and underfur tangled together into tufts or felt.

2.12 Bites

Missing or damaged fur and leather side caused by self-biting disease or fur-eating disorder.

2.13 Scar

Areas affected by boils or rashes, where the leather side is hardened and the fur is poorly developed.

2.14 Leakage root of hair

Hair roots or underfur exposed on the leather side as a result of excessive force during fleshing.

3.1 Southern raccoon dog skin

Generally produced south of the Yangtze River; the skins are small, with sparse, short and smooth fur, mostly orange-yellow in colour.

3.2 Northern raccoon dog skin

Generally produced north of the Yangtze River; the skins are large, with a thick, plump leather side, long hair and dense underfur, mostly bluish grey or bluish yellow in colour.

4.1 Southern raccoon dog skin

The grading of southern raccoon dog skins shall comply with Table 1.

Table 1 - Grading of southern raccoon dog skins:

Grade 1: skin in season, with abundant fur, complete guard hairs, bright lustrous colour and a good leather side; up to 2 holes are permitted, with a total area not exceeding 11 cm2.

Grade 2: skin in season, with fur slightly sparse or slightly thin; may be a grade 1 skin with defects, or have the fur and leather quality of a grade 1 skin; up to 3 holes are permitted, with a total area not exceeding 17 cm2.

Grade 3: fur sparse or short and thin; may be a grade 1 skin with defects, or have the fur and leather quality of grade 1 or grade 2 skins; total area of holes not exceeding 56 cm2.

Off-grade: skins not meeting the requirements of grades 1, 2 and 3.

4.2 Northern raccoon dog skin

The grading of northern raccoon dog skins shall comply with Table 2.

Table 2 - Grading of northern raccoon dog skins:

Grade 1: skin in season, form whole, abundant fur, complete guard hairs, clearly defined hair and underfur, bright lustrous colour, good leather side, no defects.

Grade 2: skin in season, form whole, fur slightly sparse, complete guard hairs, clearly defined hair and underfur, good leather side, no defects; or with grade 1 skin quality and one of the following defects:

- sparse fur on the lower jaw and belly, slight rubbing or worn guard hairs on both flanks or the buttocks;

- bites, scars and holes with an area not exceeding 13.0 cm2;

- a tear not exceeding 7.6 cm in length;

- slight loss of guard hairs and underfur;

- over-stretched.

Grade 3: form whole, fur sparse or short and thin, or with grade 1 or grade 2 quality and one of the following defects:

- knife cuts, with a total area of holes not exceeding 26.0 cm2;

- a tear not exceeding 15.2 cm in length;

- serious rubbing of the fur on both flanks or the buttocks;

- no fur on the belly, or a seriously sparse neck.

Off-grade: skins not meeting the requirements of grades 1, 2 and 3.

4.3 Colour price ratio

The colour price ratio shall comply with Table 3.

Table 3 - Colour price ratio (underfur colour; guard hair tip colour; ratio, %):

Bluish grey; black; 100.

Yellowish brown; brown; 90.

Whitish grey; greyish white; 60.

White; yellowish white; 30.

4.4 Length grading

The length grading shall comply with Table 4.

Table 4 - Length grading requirements (size number: length l, cm):

Size 00: l >= 106.

Size 0: 97 <= l < 106.

Size 1: 88 <= l < 106 (as printed).

Size 2: 88 <= l < 79 (as printed).

Size 3: 79 <= l < 70 (as printed).

Size 4: l < 70.

5.1 General

Inspection is carried out by a combination of measurement with measuring instruments and sensory assessment.

5.2 Inspection tools, equipment and conditions

5.2.1 Measuring tools: steel rule and steel tape measure, with a precision of 1 mm.

5.2.2 Inspection table: of suitable length, width and height, with a flat top on which the sample can be laid out flat.

5.2.3 Inspection conditions: inspection is carried out indoors in ample natural light, out of direct sunlight.

5.3 Fur inspection

Lay the skin flat on the work table, press the buttocks of the skin with one hand and hold the head of the skin with the other, and shake it up and down so that the fur returns to its natural state. First examine the neck and back, then the belly, checking whether the fur is abundant, even, lively and lustrous, its colour, and whether there are defects such as bald crotch or sclerothrix neck.

5.4 Leather side inspection

Check whether the form of the skin is whole, whether the fat has been removed completely, and whether there are defects such as fat-burnt leather. Feel the thickness of the leather side by hand, and judge from the colour of the leather side the seasonal characteristics and whether it is an old (stale) skin.

5.5 Area measurement of southern raccoon dog skin

Lay the skin flat on the work table, measure the length with a rule from the base of the ears to the base of the tail, measure the width at a suitable point at the waist, and multiply length by width to obtain the area; see Figure 1.

Figure 1 - Diagram of area measurement of southern raccoon dog skin (l: length; w: width).

5.6 Length measurement of northern raccoon dog skin

Lay the skin flat on the work table, measure the length with a rule from the tip of the nose to the base of the tail, and determine the size number.

5.7 Area measurement of defects

Lay the skin flat on the work table, measure the length and width of the defect with a rule, and multiply length by width.

6.1 Batching

Products of the same variety, the same place of origin and the same size constitute one inspection lot.

6.2 Inspection

Inspection is carried out skin by skin, and shall comply with Clause 4.

7.1 Packaging

Products shall be packed in suitable packaging materials to prevent damage.

7.2 Transport and storage

Transport and storage shall comply with the following:

- protect from sun exposure, rain and snow;

- keep ventilated and dry, protect against moths, damp, mould and rot, and avoid high-temperature environments;

- keep away from chemicals and liquids that may cause erosion;

- avoid puncturing or scratching by sharp objects.