GB 7959-2012Hygienic requirements for harmless disposal of night soil (English PDF)

Foreword

All technical contents of this standard is mandatory. This standard was drafted in accordance with rules GB/T 1.1-2009 given. This standard replaces GB 7959-1987 "stool sanitary standards." This standard GB 7959-1987 major changes compared as follows:

--- according to GB/T 1.1-2009 "Standardization Guide Part 1. Standard structure and write rules" adjust the structure, The text of the standard made overhaul;

--- added terms and definitions, such as sound processing manure, faecal coliform values and the like;

--- by aerobic, anaerobic and facultative anaerobic fermentation, sealed storage, the dry manure urine separation and solid-liquid separation process flocculation - dehydration Processor Class Act are proposed health requirements; This standard is referred

--- and feces sound, to reduce, remove or kill intestinal bacteria in the stool, and other biological pathogenic parasite eggs Factor, emphasizing the use of agricultural resources and land treatment is an integral part of the advanced treatment of manure;

--- clear the stool responsibility of dealing with regulatory and operational health supervision and inspection departments;

--- modified and added some content monitoring and supporting this standard test methods. This standard is proposed and administered by the Ministry of Health of People's Republic of China. This standard drafting unit. China Disease Prevention and Control Center for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety. Participated in the drafting of this standard. Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Province, Chongqing City, disease prevention and control center. The main drafters of this standard. from Wang Jun, Wang Youbin, Pan Lijun, Zhang sector, Tian Hongchun, Sun Fengying, Han Keqin, Wang Xinli, Xie Hong, Pan Shunchang. Fecal harmless hygiene requirements

1 Scope

GB 7959-2012 is the Chinese national standard on hygienic requirements for harmless disposal of night soil, in the field of environment and health protection, safety. It carries no /T suffix, which in the Chinese system means compliance is mandatory: a product or a practice within its scope has to meet it to be lawfully made, sold or carried out in China. It was issued on 20 November 2012 by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China; Standardization Administration of China, and has been in force since 1 May 2013. Classification: ICS 13.020, CCS C51. This page is published from the official record of the standard held by the Chinese standards administration: the identification, the dates, the classification and the issuing body are taken from there. The clause text, the tables and the numeric limits are in the document itself, which is delivered complete in English translation.

This standard specifies hygiene requirements fecal harmless limits and monitoring the quality of health inspection methods of excreta disposal. This standard applies to urban and rural household toilet, supervision and inspection and sanitary excreta disposal plant (field) and small fecal harmless treatment effect of treatment facilities Evaluation.

2 Ascaris eggs mortality rate >=95%

3 schistosome eggs and live eggs of hookworm eggs may not be detected

4 fecal coliform values >=10-4

5 supervision and monitoring

5.1 manure treatment plant should be monitored in accordance with the provisions of the daily operation CJJ/T 30's.

5.2 relevant departments should conduct regular supervision and monitoring of the effect of excreta disposal and hygienic evaluation.

3 Terms and Definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this document.

3.1 Excrement excreta, nightsoil Human feces and urine excreted, collectively referred to as feces.

3.2 Fecal harmless treatment harmlessdisposalofnightsoil Reduction, removal or kill intestinal bacteria in the stool, parasite eggs and other pathogens, to control mosquito breeding, to prevent diffusion of odor, and Its processing product processing technology to achieve agricultural land treatment and resource utilization.

3.3 Aerobic fermentation aerobicfermentation High temperature composting thermophiliccomposting Artificial and mechanical stacking manner, under aerobic conditions, the microorganisms, feces and garbage and other organic matter, the temperature reached Above 50 °C and processing method, and can maintain a certain time.

3.4 Anaerobic digestion anaerobicfermentation Organic substances under anaerobic conditions feces, feces by obligate anaerobes in the degradation of organic matter and producing biogas processing method, which process is provided Shi including high, moderate room temperature methane digestion tank.

3.5 Facultative anaerobic fermentation facultativeanaerobicfermentation According to the facultative anaerobic treatment of organic matter degradation in the stool, its processing facilities include three grid septic tanks, septic tanks double urn.

3.6 Fecal coliform value valuesoffecalcoliforms Detecting a minimum sample size fecal coliform colony forming units, an important health evaluation index based feces harmless effect, the larger the value of bacteria The better the treatment effect.

3.7 Disinfection disinfection Reduction, removal or killing of pathogenic microorganisms in the feces the process technology to achieve the propagation without harm.

4 Of excreta disposal hygiene requirements

4.1 manure processing technology used in urban and rural areas, should follow health and safety, resource utilization and ecological environment protection principles.

4.2 pairs of manure must be harmless, it is strictly prohibited without safe disposal of manure and fertilizer for agricultural direct emissions.

4.3 manure treatment plants should be designed to comply with the provisions of CJJ64. Solid-liquid separation - flocculation manure processing method dehydration treatment, the resulting supernatant Solution should be combined with the treatment of sewage water treatment plant, sludge treatment method to be high-temperature composting. The final effluent discharged after treatment, its total nitrogen, Eutrophication total phosphorus content of the material should be consistent with GB 18918 requirements.

4.4 should effectively control mosquitoes, flies breeding. The compost pile body, septic tanks and reservoirs Zhou Bian the toilet no surviving larvae, pupae and emergence of new adult flies.

4.5 clearing out the storage pits fecal residue, manure leather, digester sediment, sludge treatment facilities of all kinds, shall be subject to the safe disposal of high-temperature composting qualified Square can be used as agricultural fertilizer.

4.6 intestinal infectious diseases, to deal with manure, manure storage pits and potentially contaminated sites, container and other disinfection, sterilization and disinfection methods Applications should refer to request agent "disinfection technical specifications" is performed.

4.7 fecal product was treated by various methods to comply with Table 1 to Table 4 hygiene requirements. Table 1 aerobic fermentation (high temperature compost) hygiene requirements No. Item hygiene requirements Temperature and duration

1 Artificial Reactor temperature >=50 °C, for at least 10d Reactor temperature >=60 °C, for at least 5d Mechanical reactor temperature >=50 °C, for at least 2d

5 Salmonella not detected

a non-endemic areas of schistosomiasis and hookworm, schistosome eggs and hookworm eggs indicators exemption. Table 3 hygiene sealed storage processing No. Item hygiene requirements Sealing a storage time of less than 12 months

6 Monitoring and Testing Methods

6.1 the high-temperature composting temperature measurement method given in Appendix A. See Appendix

6.2 faecal moisture content determination method B.

6.3 Detection of Salmonella in Appendix C.

6.4 compost, manure diluted in Appendix fecal coliform test method D.

Appendix A

(Normative) High temperature composting temperature measurement method A.1 Scope Suitable for high temperature measuring internal body temperature of the compost heap. A.2 temperature requirements Of Reactor aerobic fermentation process, the temperature remains above 50 °C, assessment is an important indicator of fecal detoxifying effect. A.3 Instruments The choice of metal or heat-sensitive digital thermometers sleeve temperature measuring device. A.4 Determination A.4.1 measuring points. a stack body, the lower three layers of Reactor measuring 10cm from the surface of the central portion of the two measuring points. A.4.2 constant until the temperature readings recorded. A.4.3 accumulation period should be tested in each test point temperature daily.

Appendix B

(Normative) Determination of moisture content of feces B.1 Scope Applied to dried, dry storage stool measured moisture content. B.2 temperature requirements In the stool sample (105 ± 2) °C drying to constant weight at weight loss, the quality of the water that is contained in a stool sample. B.3 instruments and equipment B.3.1 metal spatula. B.3.2 soil sieve. aperture 1mm. B.3.3 Aluminum. Small diameter (D) of about 50mm, a height of about 20mm. B.3.4 balance. a sense of the amount of 0.001g. B.3.5 electric heated oven. B.3.6 dryer. packages containing silica gel or anhydrous calcium chloride. B.4 selection and preparation of samples Pits in the reservoir with a metal spatula to take a representative fecal samples, were scraped off the upper float, the metal spatula to a desired depth, fecal samples taken about 10g, It is known accurately weighed quickly loaded into the aluminum box, tightly and outer wipe clean aluminum case, to be determined. It should be done parallel to the sample. Measuring step B.5 Will be filled with feces samples in duplicate Aluminum were weighed on an analytical balance, accurate to 0.01g. He opened the lid, put it under a box, Placed in ovens preheated to (105 ± 2) °C baked for 12h. After removing tightly immediately cooled to room temperature in a desiccator (about 30min), reweighed. Samples should be dried in an oven to constant weight (weighing a predetermined time after baking), that the weighing does not exceed the difference between the two test 3%-like quality. The results of measurement B.6 B.6.1 formula. Wet weight calculated, see equation (B.1) Wet w = m1-m2m1-m0 × 100% (B.1) Where.

--- w wet wet weight%;

--- M0 aluminum box drying air mass, in grams (G); m1

--- aluminum box before drying and quality of soil sample in grams (g); After drying m2

--- aluminum box and quality of soil sample in grams (g). Dry weight calculated, see formula (B.2) w dry = m1-m2m2-m0 × 100% (B.2) Where.

--- w dry dry weight%;

--- M0 aluminum box drying air mass, in grams (G); m1

--- aluminum box before drying and quality of soil sample in grams (g); After drying m2

--- aluminum box and quality of soil sample in grams (g). B.6.2 result of the measurement is represented by parallel arithmetic mean, retained after a decimal point.

Appendix C

(Normative) Salmonella assay C.1 Scope For the determination of feces, liquid manure and compost Salmonella untreated or after treatment harmless. C.2 detection index Salmonella is a common human and animal group of intestinal bacteria, intestinal infectious disease epidemic is, evaluate fecal harmless treatment The main indicators of effectiveness. C.3 equipment and materials C.3.1 Equipment Balance, homogenizer or mortar, incubator (36 ± 1) °C, (44 ± 0.5) °C, water bath, a microscope, a refrigerator, autoclave, Precision pH meter or pH paper, plate, scale straw, tubes, slides, inoculating loop (needle), the sample bottles, flasks. C.3.2 media and reagents C.3.2.1 sample diluent 8.5g sodium chloride Distilled water 1000mL Method. The above ingredients were dissolved in distilled water, and glass beads dispensed into conical flask, bottle 90mL, 121 °C, 20min high pressure Steam sterilization. C.3.2.2 feed double buffered peptone water (BP) Peptone 20g Sodium chloride 10g Disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4 · 12H2O) 18g Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) 3g Distilled water 1000mL Method. The above ingredients were dissolved in distilled water, adjusted pH 7.2, aliquoted into glass beads conical flask 100mL, 121 °C, 15min autoclaved. C.3.2.3 malachite green chloride enrichment broth (MM) A liquid C.3.2.3.1 Tryptone 5g 8g sodium chloride Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.6g Distilled water 1000mL Method. The above ingredients were dissolved in distilled water, 121 °C, 15min autoclaving of solution A. C.3.2.3.2 Solution B Magnesium chloride 40g Distilled water 1000mL Method. The above ingredients were dissolved in distilled water, 121 °C, 15min autoclaved for acetate solution. C.3.2.3.3 propan liquid Malachite green solution (4g/L) Method. A solution take 90mL, propyl acetate solution and liquid 9mL 2.7mL, aseptically mixing Serve chloride Malachite Green enrichment broth (MM), Dispensing sterile test tubes, each tube 9mL. C.3.2.4 bismuth sulfite agar (BS) Peptone 10g 5g beef extract Glucose 5g Ferrous sulfate (FeSO4 · 7H2O) 0.3g Disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4 · 12H2O) 4g Malachite green 0.025g Ammonium bismuth citrate [Bi (NH4) 3 (C6H5O7) 2H2O] 2g Sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) 6g Agar 18g ~ 20g Distilled water 1000mL Method. The first five ingredients above were dissolved in 300mL of distilled water, bismuth ammonium citrate and sodium sulfite solution and the other with 50mL of distilled water solution. Agar was dissolved in 600mL of distilled water was boiled, cooled to 80 °C. The above three were combined, add distilled water to 1000mL, tune To pH7.5, was added 5mL malachite green solution (5g/L), and shake. Was cooled to 50 °C ~ 55 °C, spare pour plate, flat pale green. NOTE. This medium without autoclaving, the preparation should not be heated excessively, so as not to reduce the selectivity, should be prepared just before use in 1d, stored in the dark at room temperature, Should not be used more than 48h. C.3.2.5 SS agar C.3.2.5.1 basal medium 5g beef extract Shi peptone 5g Bile salts (III) 3.5g Agar 17g Distilled water 1000mL Method. beef extract, peptone, and Shi bile salts were dissolved in 400mL of distilled water, agar was added to 600mL of distilled water, boiling it Was dissolved, and then the two were mixed, 121 °C, 15min autoclaving standby. C.3.2.5.2 complete medium Basal medium 1000mL Lactose 10g Sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7 · 2H2O) 8.5g Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3 · 5H2O) 8.5g Solution of ferric citrate (Na3C6H5O7 · 2H2O) (100g/L) 10mL Neutral red solution (10g/L) 2.5mL Malachite green solution (1g/L) 0.33mL Method. basal medium was heated to melt, added in proportion of the components other than the dye, thoroughly mixed, adjusted to pH 7.0, was added neutral Red and malachite green solution, after mixing pour plates.

Note. the date of use should be made of a good medium, or stored in a refrigerator used in 48h. Should be used within 10d after malachite green with a good solution. C.3.2.6 triple sugar iron agar (TSI) Peptone 20g 5g beef extract Lactose 10g Sugar 10g Glucose 1g 5g of sodium chloride Ferrous ammonium sulfate [(NH4) 2SO4 · FeSO4 · 6H2O] 0.2g Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3 · 5H2O) 0.2g Agar 12g Phenol red 0.025g Distilled water 1000mL Method. The above ingredients except the agar and phenol red were dissolved in distilled water, adjusted to pH7.4. Agar was added, heated to boiling solution Of. Was added 5mL phenol red (5g/L) shake dispensing tube, 115 °C, 20min autoclaved. Placing high-rise slope spare. C.3.3 Gram stain C.3.3.1 Gram stain C.3.3.1.1 crystal violet dye Crystal Violet 1g Ethanol [phi (C2H5OH) = 95%] 20mL Oxalate [(NH4) 2C2O4] solution (10g/L) 80mL Method. crystal violet dissolved in ethanol, mixed with ammonium oxalate dye. C.3.3.1.2 Gram iodine solution Iodine 1g 2g of potassium iodide Distilled water 300mL Method. After the addition of potassium iodide was dissolved in a little distilled water was added iodine shaken well, and then distilled water to make up to 300mL. C.3.3.1.3 bleaching agent Ethanol [phi (C2H5OH) = 95%] C.3.3.1.4 sand yellow counterstain 0.25g yellow sand Ethanol [phi (C2H5OH) = 95%] 10mL Distilled water 90mL Method. The yellow sand was dissolved in ethanol, adding distilled water until completely dissolved. C.3.3.2 staining The 18h ~ 24h culture smear. The smear is fixed to the flame, crystal violet staining solution was added dropwise, dyeing 1min, washing with water. Dropping Gram iodine solution, the role of 1min, washed. Bleaching agents dropwise, shaken slide, fall far until no purple, about 30s, washed with water. Dropping counterstain, stained 1min, washed, until dry, microscopic examination. C.3.4 Salmonella diagnostic serum factor C.4 verification step C.4.1 Sample collection, preparation C.4.1.1 Sample collection C.4.1.1.1 stool sample collection. with a sterile spatula (spoon) collecting a stool sample, approximately 500g were taken at 5 or more samples, sterile set Jar equipment seized. C.4.1.1.2 Composting Sample collection. the surface layer of compost (10cm or more from the surface) and middle section of each capture three points picked with sterile forceps Sample stones, wood, glass block was taken after thorough mixing about 500g. C.4.1.1.3 dilute manure sample collection. sterile sampler, peristaltic pumps, septic tank in three compartments, double urn pool, corresponding parts digesters, collection reservoir Septic tanks, the digester sample, a sample of about 500 mL, sterile jar home equipment seized. C.4.1.2 Sample Preparation C.4.1.2.1 solid samples. The sample was placed in a sterile dish, weighed 10g sample mixed thoroughly, placed in a sterile glass beads with a tapered Bottle, was added 90mL saline (8.5g/L), shaking mixing 3min ~ 5min, a suspension formed. C.4.1.2.2 dilute manure and other samples, taken mixed 10g Shake dilute manure or liquid manure dilute 10mL, placed in a sterile conical flask with glass beads, 90mL of physiological saline was added (8.5g/L), shaking mixing 3min ~ 5min, a suspension formed. C.4.2 ago enrichment Aseptically, inoculated suspensions prepared to take 10mL 90mL Buffered Peptone Water (BP), the mixing at (36 ± 1) °C cultured (18 ± 2) h. C.4.3 selective enrichment 1mL suction enrichment broth using a sterile pipette chloride was added to the 9mL malachite green enrichment broth (MM), the setting (44 ± 0.5) °C culture 24h ~ 48h. C.4.4 Separation Are taken with an inoculating loop selective enrichment broth a ring, a streaked on bismuth sulfite agar (BS) and a SS agar plate, At (36 ± 1) °C cultured 24h ~ 48h, observation of colonies grown on each plate. Patent Salmonella colonies on bismuth sulfite agar plates Zheng, for H2S producing colonies tan to black or gray, sometimes with a metallic luster, the surrounding medium brown or black, without H2S producing strains Grayish green, the same or slightly darkening the surrounding medium; wherein Salmonella colonies on agar plate of SS, a colorless translucent; H2S production Strains with different degrees of black colonies center; lactose positive strains pink black center. If there is no suspicious green colonies on selective plates each Long, it may not be directly reported Salmonella. C.4.5 biochemical tests Direct suspected colonies were picked from a selective agar plates seeded needle, were inoculated on triple sugar iron agar slants as many options as may be Suspect colonies, less than five flat colonies, should be fully picked. Set (36 ± 1) °C cultured 24h ~ 48h, observation. Three sugar iron agar On all biochemical reactions in line with the slope is characterized by red, yellow top, small or moderate gas production, producing or not producing H2S, should continue to be blood Clear identification in the experiment, all yellow or red are still abandoned. C.4.6 Gram stain Take three sugar iron agar suspected positive slope lawn, smear Gram stain, microscopic examination should be short gram-negative bacilli under a microscope. C.4.7 serological identification Do slide agglutination with Salmonella serum factor, while with normal saline as control. C.5 results report C.5.1 Test Results The above biochemical and serological identification, matching confirmation Salmonella Salmonella characteristic, and reported as "Salmonella." C.5.2 each of the non-selective growth plates of suspicious colonies, the colonies suspected or detected in biochemical tests and those who do not meet serological identification, report "Not detected salmonella." twenty one

Appendix D

(Normative) Compost, manure diluted fecal coliform detection D.1 Scope Suitable for compost, manure diluted fecal coliform assays. D.2 temperature requirements Refers to a group of fecal coliform aerobic and facultative anaerobic, growth at

44.5 deg.] C, the lactose fermentation and acid gas in the leather 24h ~ 48h Gram-negative non-spore bacillus. Depending on the value of fecal coliform, fecal harmless treatment effect is evaluated. D.3 equipment and materials D.3.1 equipment Incubator. (36 ± 1) °C, (44 ± 0.5) °C, autoclave, microscopes, refrigerator 4 °C, inoculating loop, cooker, tapered Flasks, test tubes, down tube small, precise pH test paper or pH meter, a thermometer, a sterilized pipette (10 mL, 1 mL), sterilized dishes [diameter (d) 90mm], slides, inoculating loop. D.3.2 media and reagents Lactose bile salt medium D.3.2.1 D.3.2.1.1 ingredients.

b) porcine bile salts (or cattle, sheep bile salts) 5g

d) bromocresol purple solution (4g/L) 2.5mL

e) Distilled water 1000mL D.3.2.1.2 Method.

c) was dissolved in distilled water was added, adjusted to pH

7.2 to 7.4, plus d), mixing, dispensing with a small fermentation down to Inside the test tubes, each tube 10mL. 115 °C, 20min sterilized. The medium was concentrated twice required, the above component

d) adding an amount of Times, the same amount of distilled water to prepare and serve. Multiplexing ferment lactose fermentation tubes, bile subtraction to the above medium ingredients. Sodium sulfite medium magenta D.3.2.2 D.3.2.2.1 ingredient...