LY/T 3188-2020Technical regulations for the national park master plan (English PDF)

4.1 Planning principles

4.1.1 System integrity

Based on the protection of the authenticity and integrity of important natural ecosystems in national parks, the overall management of landscapes, forests, fields, lakes and grasses will be implemented to reflect system protection.

Requirements for maintenance and repair.

4.1.2 Scientific rationality

Respect the laws of nature, reasonably define the scope and control divisions according to the characteristics and functions of national park resources, scientifically plan the project, and propose the application the measures taken.

4.1.3 Overall coordination

Overall consideration will be given to the needs of various aspects of national park construction and management in a certain period of time, and the national land space, ecological function zone, ecological protection red the overall, comprehensive and comprehensive planning shall be carried out in coordination with the national economy and social development.

4.1.4 Practical feasibility

Based on the principle of one-time planning, phased construction, and gradual implementation, long-term planning and short-term planning are combined to highlight the key points of planning and take care of in general, make full use of the existing construction foundation to ensure effective resource protection and feasible construction projects.

Measures can be supported by stakeholders.

4.1.5 Multi-party participation

The planning process should ensure the participation of all stakeholders, and fully respect the interests of all stakeholders without violating relevant policies and technical specifications.

The rights, opinions and suggestions of relevant parties.

4.2 Planning content

The content of the national park master plan includes.

--Evaluate the status quo and construction conditions;

--Clarify the strategic positioning and construction nature of the national park, and the protection, construction and management must achieve the goals;

--Define the scope of the national park;

--Determine the type, protection value, distribution range, etc. of core resources such as important natural ecosystems;

--Division of the control area, the overall layout of construction and management;

-Formulate plans for national park protection and restoration, scientific research monitoring, popular science education, recreation and community development;

--Develop national park management system and operation mechanism plan;

-Compile investment estimates for national park construction projects;

--Propose safeguard measures for planning and implementation;

- Carry out benefit analysis and evaluation of national park construction.

4.3 Planning procedure

The planning process is divided into the following steps.

-Formulate a plan. organize relevant professionals to make material and technical preparations and formulate plans;

--Investigation and evaluation. conduct a comprehensive field survey to collect relevant data; sort, analyze and evaluate the data collected in the survey;

--Preparation of the overall planning outline. propose the scope of national parks, control zoning plans and overall planning ideas, and solicit national park management Opinions and suggestions of major stakeholders such as institutions, construction and operation related units, and communities;

--Prepare plan. compile the overall plan text, compile the necessary plan drawings, and conduct the necessary plan evaluation;

-Soliciting opinions. Soliciting national park management agencies, and national park management, construction and operation related units and local people's governments, Opinions and suggestions from stakeholders such as communities, revise and improve the plan;

-Review and perfect. Submit planning review materials, including planning text, attached tables, drawings, appendices, and necessary attachments. National

4.4 Planning period

The planning period of the overall plan is generally 10 years, which can be reasonably determined according to actual conditions, and the longest period shall not exceed 20 years. It should be in line with the national economic development plan.

The schedule is consistent. The planning period can be divided into short-term and medium- and long-term planning stages. The short-term planning is generally within 5 years, and the mid- and long-term planning is more than 5 years.

4.5 Planning goals

4.5.1 Basis for determination

4.5.1.1 By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of national parks, external opportunities and challenges, and according to relevant national policies, put forward the National Park Strategic Positioning of the Will of Home.

4.5.1.2 Fully consider the relationship between history, contemporary and future, and propose planning goals based on the functional positioning of national parks and social needs.

The goal should be adapted to the development trend and pace of the national park.

4.5.2 Overall goals and phase goals

Put forward a clear overall goal for the construction of national parks, decompose them into short-term and mid- and long-term goals according to the planning period, and formulate planning and construction Target system.

4.5.3 Qualitative and quantitative goals

Put forward the scope and requirements of the qualitative and quantitative targets for the construction of national parks, and formulate the target index table.

4.5.4 Planning management objectives

Respectively proposed that national parks are in protection and restoration, resource management, scientific research monitoring, science education, recreation, community development, management and operation, etc.

Aspects of planning management and specific development goals. In the protection and restoration objectives, the climax communities in biogeographic areas and national parks should be compared at the end, the ultimate goal and phased goals for the protection and restoration of the authenticity and integrity of the ecosystem are put forward.

5.1 Status survey

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The current situation survey is based on the national park resource survey, collects the latest relevant data, conducts supplementary surveys based on actual conditions, and fully explains State the status and spatial distribution of natural resources, human resources, recreational resources and other resources in national parks, as well as social and economic conditions, construction conditions, etc.

Condition.

5.2 Determine core resources

The overall plan should clarify the core resources of the national park, and master their types, distribution and protection. The core resources are based on the "National Park Resources "Investigation and Evaluation Standards" are determined

5.3 Analysis of construction conditions

5.3.1 Resource value analysis

Comprehensive analysis of ecosystem characteristics, resource conditions and values. The natural ecosystem of national parks should have authenticity, integrity, and core resources.

The source is representative and typical of the country.

5.3.2 Suitability analysis

Suitability analysis includes the following aspects.

-Area suitability. There should be enough area to satisfy the multiple functions of the national park.

--The suitability of popular science education. Under the premise of protection, national parks should be able to delimit areas with unique viewing and experience value.

Used to carry out public education, publicity and display, recreational experience and other activities.

- Suitability of resource management and rational utilization.

--Type suitability. The natural ecosystem of the national park and the most representative ecosystem in the biogeographic area where the national park is located Based on the analysis of the matching degree, the establishment of national parks is the best choice to realize the authenticity and integrity protection of important natural ecosystems.

5.3.3 Feasibility analysis

The feasibility analysis includes the following aspects.

--Resource ownership is clear, there is no ownership dispute, natural resource assets owned by the whole people occupy the dominant position or can be leased or redeemed Realizing unified management of natural resource assets through purchase and other methods is feasible in management.

- The feasibility of exiting existing development and construction projects, industrial, mining and energy industries that are inconsistent with the national park construction goals.

-The local government's support for the establishment of national parks and the rationality and feasibility of the division of responsibilities with national park management agencies.

5.3.4 Comprehensive evaluation

Comprehensive resource conditions, suitability and feasibility analysis, and put forward an overall evaluation conclusion.

6.1 National Park Range

6.1.1 The scope of the national park is based on the completeness of the structure, process, and function of the natural ecosystem of the national park, and the relative independence of regional units and connectivity, the necessity and feasibility of protection, utilization, and management, and overall consideration of the integrity of the natural ecosystem and surrounding economic and social development the needs of the country are reasonably delineated.

6.1.2 The scope of the national park should have obvious topographical markers and clear boundary coordinates, which can be marked on the topographical map and erected on site.

Pile demarcation.

6.2 Control Zone

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6.2.1 Types of control areas

6.2.1.1 Core protected area

It is an area with the most complete preservation of natural ecosystems or a concentrated distribution of core resources or ecologically fragile areas within the scope of a national park. Should be implemented most Strict ecological protection and management, except for patrol management, scientific research monitoring and personnel approved in accordance with procedures, outsiders are prohibited in principle from entering Enter the core protection zone and prohibit human activities such as production and life.

6.2.1.2 General control area

It is the area outside the core protected area within the national park. The general control area has been damaged to varying degrees and requires natural restoration and regeneration.

Ecological restoration areas should respect natural laws and adopt close-natural and appropriate artificial measures to promote ecological restoration. In ensuring the health of the natural ecosystem Under the premise of healthy, stable, and virtuous circular development, the general control area allows an appropriate amount of human utilization activities that are not resource damage or destruction.

6.2.2 Other

6.2.2.1 Formulate management measures for core protected areas and general control areas, and implement differentiated management and control.

6.2.2.2 In order to implement professional and refined management, on the basis of management and control zoning, national parks can be further divided according to their functions.

Functional area.

6.3 Define the standard

6.3.1 Define the boundaries of the national park and the boundaries of each control area, and set up boundary and management zone boundary signs, including boundary markers, boundary pillars, Identification signs, electronic fences, etc.

6.3.2 The boundary signs of national parks shall be set according to the boundaries surveyed and marked on the topographic map.

6.3.3 The boundary markings of the national park control area are mainly set at the boundary of the core protection area and the functional areas in the general control area that need to be strengthened.

boundary.

8.1 Ecological protection and restoration

8.1.1 Ecological protection

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8.1.1.1 Ecosystem protection

For important natural ecosystems, systematic protection measures should be formulated to protect their integrity and authenticity.

8.1.1.2 Biodiversity protection

For rare and endangered and endemic species of animals and plants, appropriate protection measures should be formulated according to their respective characteristics. Introduce non-native native Animals and plants must undergo strict verification, inspection and quarantine to prevent pests and diseases and interfere with the growth of native plants and animals.

8.1.1.3 Geological landscape protection

Geological relics and landscapes such as karst landforms, Danxia landforms, canyon landforms, volcanic landforms, and glacier landforms with protection and display value Put forward special protection measures and set up protection signs.

8.1.1.4 Protection of human resources

To provide cultural resources such as local scenery, historical relics, architectural facilities, gardens and landscapes that are of great significance or unique to the national park.

Take out protective measures.

8.1.2 Ecological restoration

8.1.2.1 Ecological restoration shall focus on natural restoration, supplemented by natural and necessary artificial measures, mainly including ecosystems, populations Restoration and reconstruction.

8.1.2.2 Follow the law of natural succession and refer to the top ecosystem. For ecosystems that are degrading or have been the characteristics of the dynamic system or the degree of degradation and destruction, and proposed restoration, repair or reconstruction measures. In principle, no intervention will be made to the naturally damaged ecosystem.

8.1.2.3 Population restoration is mainly to improve habitat conditions in accordance with the laws of nature, expand the range of habitats, and build ecological corridors and wildlife corridors Road, actively increase species resources and expand the number of wild populations. There are plans for species that tend to be extinct in the wild in accordance with the relevant national species protection plan Take rescue measures.

8.2 Resource Management

8.2.1 Confirmation of rights registration

In accordance with the methods for unified registration of natural resources, national parks, as independent natural resources all natural ecological spaces such as mountains, grasslands, wastelands, beaches, etc. shall be registered in a unified way to systematically protect landscapes, forests, fields, lakes and grasses.

8.2.2 Management and protection system

8.2.2.1 Construct a complete management and protection system, including the setting and layout of management stations (points) and checkpoints.

8.2.2.2 Clarify the management and protection scope and focus of each management station (point), and configure necessary management and protection facilities and equipment. Management station (point) the construction should be based on management and protection, and fully consider the scientific research monitoring, scientific, educational and recreational functions of the national park.

8.2.2.3 Set up necessary checkpoints at important traffic arteries, areas with frequent personnel entry and exit, or forks in national parks, and configure necessary checkpoints Facilities and equipment.

8.2.2.4 Develop a scientific and unified management station (point) and checkpoint work and inspection system.

8.2.3 Patrol system

8.2.3.1 According to important natural ecosystems, key protected wild animal and plant species, geological landscapes, traditional use areas, scientific and educational recreational areas Distribution situation, set up field patrol line.

8.2.3.2 Combine with the existing road system to form a patrol road network, including vehicle roads and patrol trails.

8.2.3.3 Develop a scientific patrol system, clarify the patrol content, and implement segmented responsibility.

8.2.3.4 Plan the necessary facilities and equipment, including communications, transportation, and field patrol, inspection, and rescue.

8.2.4 Protection system

Aiming at all factors that endanger the preservation, growth and reproduction of national park resources, especially important natural ecosystems, such as fire, pollution, and disease Insect pests, stealing and poaching, invasion of alien species, man-made destruction (theft) of cultural relics (geological resources), etc., should be blocked, monitored, blocked, Prevention and control measures such as inspection and quarantine.

8.3 Scientific research monitoring

8.3.1 Research planning

8.3.1.1 The characteristics of national parks should be reflected, scientific research results serve for conservation and management, and scientific research platforms should be built with emphasis on specificity and Practicability, do what you can.

8.3.1.2 The contents of routine and special scientific research projects, special research institutions and research bases during the planning period shall be clarified.

8.3.2 Monitoring planning

8.3.2.1 Monitoring content

The monitoring content during the planning period should be clarified, including natural resource monitoring, biodiversity monitoring, key species monitoring, and ecological environment monitoring Wait. among them.

--Natural resource monitoring is the monitoring of national park forest resources, wetland resources, desert (desert) resources, grassland resources, animal and plant resources Monitoring the quantity, quality, distribution and dynamic changes of various natural resources;

--Biodiversity monitoring refers to the types, quantity, quality, distribution and dynamic changes of habitats, species and genes in national parks Monitoring carried out;

--Key species observations are conducted on the biological, ecological, behavioral and other characteristics of the main protected animal and plant species or a specific population Long-term observation and monitoring;

--Ecological environment monitoring is the monitoring of non-biological ecological indicators of national parks such as climate, soil, hydrology and pollution sources.

--Pest monitoring is the monitoring of the types of pests and the degree of harm in national parks.

8.3.2.2 Monitoring method

National park monitoring can adopt positioning monitoring, fixed sample plot (belt, point) monitoring, tracking monitoring, remote sensing monitoring according to different monitoring content.

Measure and other methods.

8.3.3 Scientific research monitoring and management

The scientific research monitoring and management of national parks should.

--Build a basic database and statistical analysis platform for natural resources in national parks;

--Establish a monitoring index system and technical system, and regularly monitor national parks;

--Build and improve the database, technical files and information database;

--Establish the organization, management and operation mechanism of scientific research monitoring projects;

-Develop plans for foreign cooperation and exchanges.

8.3.4 Facilities and equipment

8.3.4.1 According to the needs of routine and special scientific research monitoring tasks, determine ecological positioning stations, meteorological observation stations, hydrological and water quality monitoring stations, and pollution the location and scale of scientific research monitoring infrastructure such as source monitoring points, key species monitoring points, pest monitoring, and bird ring log stations.

8.3.4.2 Equipment includes survey equipment, monitoring (control) equipment, experimental equipment, bird encircling equipment and scientific research auxiliary equipment, etc.

8.4 Popular Science Education

8.4.1 Science education display content

Including the scientific value of various resources in national parks, the protection, scientific research and monitoring results of national parks, the characteristic culture, social District culture, and management history of national parks.

8.4.2 Objects of popular science education

Including internal education and external education. Internally refers to the publicity, education and vocational training of national park staff, externally refers to the right Publicity by the public, training for the community, etc.

8.4.3 Display methods of popular science education

Popular science education ...