HJ 2.4-2021Technical guidelines for noise impact assessment (English PDF)

4.1 Basic tasks

Evaluate the changes in acoustic environment quality caused by the implementation of construction projects; propose reasonable and feasible prevention and control measures to reduce noise impact;

Evaluate the feasibility of construction project implementation from the perspective of acoustic environmental impact; optimize site selection, route selection, rational layout and land space for construction projects the plan provides a scientific basis.

4.2 Evaluation Category

4.2.1 According to the type of sound source, it can be divided into the environmental impact assessment of fixed sound source and mobile sound source.

4.2.2 If the construction project includes both fixed sound sources and mobile sound sources, the sound environmental impact assessment shall be carried out separately;

When affected by fixed sound sources and moving sound sources (excluding aircraft noise at airports), the evaluation shall be carried out after superimposing the environmental impact.

4.3 Evaluation volume

4.3.1 Sound source intensity

The evaluation quantity of sound source intensity is. A-weighted sound power level (LAw) or octave band sound power level (Lw), if necessary, the sound source direction should be included A-weighted sound pressure level [LA(r)] or octave band sound pressure level [Lp(r)] at a distance r from the sound source, including a sound source directivity description if necessary;

Effective perceived noise level (LEPN).

4.3.2 Sound environment quality

According to GB 3096, the sound environment quality evaluation measures are the equivalent A sound level (Ld) during the daytime, the equivalent A sound level (Ln) at night, and the sudden noise level at night.

Sound is evaluated as the maximum A sound level (LAmax).

According to GB 9660 and GB 9661, the area around the airport is affected by the noise of aircraft passing (take-off, landing, low-altitude fly-over) the quantity is the Weighted Equivalent Continuous Perceived Noise Level (LWECPN).

4.3.3 Factory boundary, field boundary and boundary noise

According to GB 12348, the boundary noise evaluation quantities of industrial enterprises are the equivalent A sound level (Ld) during the daytime, the equivalent A sound level (Ln) at night, and the the evaluation quantity of intermittent and occasional noise is the maximum A sound level (LAmax).

According to GB 12523, the noise evaluation quantities at the construction site are daytime equivalent A sound level (Ld), nighttime equivalent A sound level (Ln), and nighttime equivalent sound level A (Ln).

The maximum A sound level (LAmax) in between.

According to GB 12525, the railway boundary noise evaluation quantity is daytime equivalent A sound level (Ld), nighttime equivalent A sound level (Ln).

According to GB 22337, the boundary noise evaluation quantities of social life noise emission sources are the equivalent A sound level (Ld) in the daytime and the equivalent A sound level at night.

(Ln), the evaluation quantity of non-stationary noise is the maximum A sound level (LAmax).

4.3.4 Train passing noise, aircraft passing noise

The noise impact assessment of a single train of railway and urban rail transit is the equivalent continuous A sound level ( pAeq T L,), single frame the noise impact assessment measure for aircraft passing through is the maximum A sound level (LAmax).

4.4 Working procedure

The working procedure of acoustic environmental impact assessment is shown in Figure 1.

5.1 Evaluation level

5.1.1 The sound environmental impact assessment work level is generally divided into three levels, the first level is a detailed evaluation, the second level is a general evaluation, and the third level is a brief evaluation.

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5.1.2 Within the scope of evaluation, there are functional areas applicable to Class 0 acoustic environment specified in GB 3096, or within the scope of the evaluation before and after construction of the project.

When the target noise level increment for environmental protection is more than 5 dB(A) (excluding 5 dB(A)), or the number of affected population increases significantly, it shall be evaluated according to Level 1.

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5.1.3 The acoustic environment functional area where the construction project is located is the Class 1 and Class 2 areas specified in GB 3096, or the pre- and post-construction evaluation range of the construction project.

The target noise level increment for environmental protection in the surrounding area reaches 3 dB(A) to 5 dB(A), or when the number of people affected by noise increases a lot, it shall be rated as Class II.

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5.1.4 The acoustic environment functional area where the construction project is located is the Class 3 and Class 4 areas specified in GB 3096, or the pre- and post-construction evaluation range.

When the target noise level increment for environmental protection in the surrounding area is below 3 dB(A) (excluding 3 dB(A)), and the number of affected population does not change much, press Three-level evaluation.

5.1.5 When determining the evaluation level, if the construction project conforms to the division principle of two levels, it shall be evaluated according to the higher level.

5.1.6 The aircraft noise impact assessment level for airport construction projects is Level 1.

5.2 Scope of evaluation

5.2.1 For construction projects with fixed sound sources (such as factories, docks, stations, etc.).

a) To meet the requirements of the first-level evaluation, generally the evaluation scope is.200 m outward from the boundary of the construction project;

b) The scope of the second-level and third-level evaluation can be based on the category of the acoustic environment functional area and the purpose of acoustic environmental protection in the area where the construction project is located and adjacent areas.

The actual situation such as the bid is appropriately reduced;

c) If the contribution value calculated based on the sound source of the construction project reaches.200 m and still cannot meet the standard value of the corresponding functional area, the assessment should be the valence range is expanded to meet the distance of the standard value.

5.2.2 For construction projects mainly based on mobile sound sources (such as highways, urban roads, railways, urban rail transit and other ground transportation).

a) To meet the requirements of the first-level evaluation, the evaluation scope is generally within.200 m on both sides of the line centerline;

b) The scope of the second-level and third-level evaluation can be based on the category of the acoustic environment functional area and the purpose of acoustic environmental protection in the area where the construction project is located and adjacent areas.

The actual situation such as the bid is appropriately reduced;

c) If the contribution value calculated based on the sound source of the construction project reaches.200 m and still cannot meet the standard value of the corresponding functional area, the assessment should be the valence range is expanded to meet the distance of the standard value.

5.2.3 The scope of noise assessment for airport projects is determined as follows.

a) The airport project is divided into the evaluation scope according to the flight volume undertaken by each runway. for a single runway project, the overall throughput of the airport is used.

and take-off and landing sorties to determine the scope of airport noise assessment. For multi-runway airports, each runway is subject to different flight volumes.

Self-define the scope of airport noise assessment and take a collection.

1) For a single-runway airport, the airport noise assessment scope should be a rectangular area formed by a certain distance at both ends of the airport runway and on both sides;

2) For multi-runway airports in which all runways are in parallel configuration, the scope of airport noise assessment should be the extension of each runway by a certain distance.

The rectangular range formed by the farthest range after;

3) For multi-runway airports with intersecting configuration, the scope of airport noise assessment should be the combination of parallel runways (groups) and intersecting runways.

set range.

b) For adding runway items or changing runway location items (for example, an existing runway becomes a taxiway or a new runway is built), in the current state in airport noise impact assessment and expansion airport noise impact assessment, the scope of airport noise assessment can be delineated respectively;

c) The scope of airport noise assessment shall not be less than the 70 dB contour line range of the weighted equivalent continuous perceived noise level;

d) See Table 2 for the recommended noise assessment ranges for airports with different flight volumes.

5.3 Evaluation Criteria

The acoustic environment impact assessment criteria should be determined according to the type of sound source and the type of acoustic environment functional area where the project is located. No division of sound environment function the area of the district shall adopt the standards determined by the local competent department of ecological environment.

6.1 Survey and Analysis Objects

6.1.1 The noise source investigation includes the main fixed sound sources and moving sound sources of the proposed project. give the number, location, and intensity of the main sound sources, and Identify the specific location of the fixed sound source or the route, runway, etc. of the moving sound source on the map of the standard specification.

6.1.2 The investigation content and working depth of noise sources shall meet the requirements of the environmental impact prediction model for noise source parameters.

6.1.3 The primary, secondary and tertiary assessments shall investigate and analyze the main noise sources of the proposed project.

6.2 Source Intensity Obtaining Method

6.2.1 The calculation of noise source intensity shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of HJ 884, and those with industrial pollution source intensity accounting technical guidelines shall first follow the guidelines If there is no technical guideline for source intensity accounting of industrial pollution sources, but there are provisions for source intensity accounting methods in the industry guideline, priority shall be given to the method specified in Follow the methods specified in the industry guidelines.

6.2.2 For the noise source intensity of the proposed project, when the required data is lacking, the sound source analogy can be used to measure or cite effective data and research results.

fruit to determine. The analogy conditions should be given when using the sound source analogy measurement.

6.2.3 The parameters, data format and precision to be obtained from the noise source shall meet the input requirements of the environmental impact prediction model.

7.1 Primary and secondary evaluation

7.1.1 Name, geographical location, administrative division, functional area of acoustic environment, different acoustic environment targets within the scope of investigation and evaluation the population distribution in the environmental function area, the spatial relationship with the construction project, the construction situation, etc.

7.1.2 The status quo of the acoustic environment quality of the representative acoustic environmental protection targets within the assessment scope requires on-site monitoring, and the remaining acoustic environmental protection the current status of the target acoustic environment quality can be calculated by analogy or on-site monitoring combined with the model.

7.1.3 Name, type, quantity, location, source intensity, etc. of the current sound sources with obvious influence within the scope of investigation and evaluation. Current situation within the scope of the evaluation the sound source intensity investigation shall be determined by on-site monitoring method or data collection method. Analyze the composition and influence of current sound sources, and make suggestions on the results of the current survey Do an evaluation.

7.2 Level 3 Evaluation

7.2.1 Name, geographical location, administrative division, functional area of acoustic environment, different acoustic environment targets within the scope of investigation and evaluation the population distribution in the environmental function area, the spatial relationship with the construction project, the construction situation, etc.

7.2.2 Investigate the status quo of the acoustic environment quality of the representative acoustic environmental protection targets within the assessment scope, and use the existing monitoring data.

If there is no monitoring data, representative acoustic environmental protection targets can be selected for on-site monitoring, and the composition of the current sound sources can be analyzed.

7.3 Investigation method of the status quo of acoustic environment quality

Current status investigation methods include. on-site monitoring method, on-site monitoring combined with model calculation method, and data collection method. During the investigation, it should be based on the evaluation, etc.

According to the requirements of the level and the current situation of noise sources, determine the specific method to be adopted.

7.3.1 On-site monitoring method

7.3.1.1 Principles of monitoring points

a) The location should cover the entire evaluation scope, including the plant boundary (field boundary,) and acoustic environmental protection objectives. When sound environmental protection goals are high in (including) three-story buildings, the selection should also be based on factors such as the vertical distribution law of noise, the height difference between the construction project and the target of acoustic environmental protection, etc.

Set measuring points on representative floors of representative acoustic environmental protection targets;

b) When there is no obvious sound source within the evaluation scope (such as industrial noise, traffic noise, construction noise, social life noise, etc.), A representative area can be selected to set up measuring points;

c) When there are obvious sound sources within the assessment scope, which have an impact on the acoustic environment quality of the acoustic environmental protection target, or the construction project is a reconstruction or expansion project in the project, different monitoring point distribution principles should be adopted according to the type of sound source.

1) When the sound source is a fixed sound source, the current measuring points should be placed mainly on the places that may be affected by the existing sound source and the sound source of the construction project at the same time.

Acoustic environmental protection targets of the Attenuation measuring points are arranged at different distances from the existing sound source;

2) When the sound source is a mobile sound source and presents the characteristics of a line sound source, the location of the current measuring point should be selected in consideration of the objectives of acoustic environmental protection.

The layout conditions, engineering characteristics and the characteristics of line sound source noise attenuation with distance, layout in a representative acoustic environmental protection target. In order to meet the prediction needs, attenuation measurement points can be arranged at different horizontal distances perpendicular to the line sound source;

3) For the reconstruction and expansion of airport projects, the measurement points are generally arranged at the main acoustic environmental protection targets, focusing on the acoustic noise below the track.

Environmental protection targets and acoustic environmental protection targets near the side of the runway.

The environmental protection objectives are determined, and airports with a single runway, two runways or three runways can be equipped with 3-9, 9-14 or 12 to 18 noise measurement points, and further measurement points can be added when the runway is increased or there are many protection targets. For the evaluation scope If there are less than 3 acoustic environmental protection targets, in principle, the number of points should not be less than 3.

If there is no point, the protection target position within 3 km of the track at both ends of the runway should be selected first; the protection target cannot be combined If the location is to be deployed, the location can be appropriately combined with the location of the navigation station below the track.

7.3.1.2 Monitoring basis

GB 3096 is implemented for the current monitoring of acoustic environment quality; GB 9661 is implemented for the measurement of aircraft noise around the airport; environmental noise at the boundary of industrial enterprises GB 12348 for measurement; GB 22337 for social and living environmental noise measurement; GB 12523 for construction site boundary environmental noise measurement;

Railway boundary noise measurement implements GB 12525.

7.3.2 On-site monitoring combined with model calculation method when the current noise sources are complex and the targets for acoustic environmental protection are intensive, when investigating the current status of acoustic environment quality, on-site monitoring combined with model calculation. Such as the coexistence of multiple types of traffic and the dense distribution of surrounding acoustic environmental protection targets, airport reconstruction and expansion, etc.

Using the noise source intensity and parameters affecting sound propagation obtained from monitoring or investigation, various noise prediction models are used to calculate the noise impact.

Compare and verify the calculation results and monitoring results. When the calculation results and monitoring results are within the allowable error range (<=3 dB), the model can be used.

Calculate the current noise value of other acoustic environmental protection targets.

7.4 Status Quo Evaluation

7.4.1 The types and quantities of the main sound sources, the corresponding noise levels and noise characteristics, etc. within the scope of analysis and evaluation shall be analyzed, and the distribution of the main sound sources shall be clarified.

7.4.2 Evaluate the over-standard and up-to-standard situation of the plant boundary (field boundary,) and various acoustic environmental protection targets respectively, and analyze the impact of the existing major noise sources.

influence of the source.

7.5 Requirements for current situation evaluation charts and tables

7.5.1 Status Evaluation Chart

Generally, it should include the sound environment function zoning map within the assessment scope, the sound environment protection target distribution map, the factory area of industrial and mining enterprises (sound source location) Layout plan, route map of urban roads, highways, railways, urban rail transit, etc., airport general plan and flight procedure map, now Layout map of physical monitoring, relationship between acoustic environmental protection objectives and projects, etc.; legends, scales, direction signs, etc. should be marked in the drawings.

Generally, the scale should not be smaller than the scale required by the engineering design document for its related drawings; the scale of the linear engineering acoustic environmental protection target and the project relationship diagram should be not less than 1.5000, and the base map of the relationship between the acoustic environmental protection objectives of the airport project and the project should adopt a spatial resolution of not less than 5 m in the past 3 years.

Satellite images or aerial photographs, and the relationship between acoustic environmental protection goals and projects should not be less than 1.10,000.

7.5.2 Questionnaire for acoustic environmental protection goals

The list gives the name, the number of households, the number of building floors and the number of buildings within the evaluation scope of the environmental protection targets, and clearly declares the environmental protection the relationship between the target and the spatial position of the construction project, etc.

7.5.3 Evaluation result table of current situation of acoustic environment

The list gives the factory boundary (field boundary,), the current value of each acoustic environmental protection target and the analysis of the exceeding and reaching the standard, and gives different acoustic environments the number of over-standard households within the functional area or sound level range (airport aircraft noise).

8.1 Forecast range

The prediction scope of acoustic environmental impact shall be the same as the evaluation scope.

8.2 Determination principle of prediction point and evaluation point

The acoustic environmental protection objectives within the construction project evaluation scope and the construction project boundary (field boundary,) should be used as prediction points and evaluation points.

8.3 Prediction Basic Data Specifications and Requirements

8.3.1 Sound source data

The sound source data of construction projects mainly include. sound source type, quantity, spatial location, sound level, sound duration and sound environmental protection the effect time of the target, etc., the source of the noise source data should be indicated in the environmental impact assessment document. The sound source of construction projects such as industrial enterprises is placed indoors when it is used, parameters such as sound insulation and indoor average sound absorption coefficient of building doors, windows, walls and other enclosures should be given.

8.3.2 Environmental data

Various parameters affecting sound wave propagation should be obtained through data collection and on-site investigation. The various data are as follows.

a) The annual average wind speed and dominant wind direction, annual average temperature, annual average relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure in the area where the construction project is located;

b) the terrain and height difference between the sound source and the predicted point;

c) geometric parameters of obstacles (such as buildings, walls, etc.) between the sound source and the predicted point;