GB/T 40981-2021Consumer product safety—General requirements on physical hazard assessment (English PDF)

3.1 Consumer product

Mainly but not limited to products designed and produced for personal use, including product components, parts, accessories, packaging and instructions for use. [SOURCE: GB/T 35248-2017, 2.2]

3.2 Safety

A state exempt from unacceptable risk. [SOURCE: GB/T 20002.4-2015, 3.14]

3.11 Risk evaluation

The process of determining whether a tolerable risk has been achieved based on the results of a risk analysis. [SOURCE: GB/T 22760-2020, 2.15]

3.12 Risk assessment

Including the whole process of risk identification, risk analysis and risk evaluation. [SOURCE: GB/T 22760-2020, 2.16]

3.13 Intended use

Use according to the information provided by the product and/or system, and in the absence of such information, use it according to the commonly understood mode. [SOURCE: GB/T 22760-2020, 2.10]

3.14 Reasonably foreseeable misuse

The use of the product and/or system not in the manner provided by the supplier as a result of easily foreseeable human behavior. [SOURCE: GB/T 22760-2020, 2.11]

3.15 Tolerable risk

Risks that are acceptable within a certain range according to today's social value orientation.

NOTE: In this Document, "acceptable risk" and "tolerable risk" are considered synonyms. [SOURCE: GB/T 22760-2020, 2.12]

5.4 Determine tolerable risks

Considering that in the current certain period of time, under the current technical level and social and economic conditions, a certain consumer product shall not cause damage to consumers' human health or property during use; and the restricted requirements for the hazard (source) of this kind of consumer product can be determined as tolerable risk.

7.1 Overview

List information about the hazard (source), hazardous situation, and harm event, and describe the possible hazardous situation in terms of when and how the hazard (source) caused the harm.

7.2 Methods of hazard identification

The cause-result hazard identification work shall be carried out in accordance with the method in 5.2 of GB/T 39011-2020; or the result-cause hazard identification work shall be carried out in accordance with the method in 5.3 of GB/T 39011-2020.

7.3 Description of hazard identification

Hazards (sources) shall be recorded to ensure that the following information is clearly described.

a) Characteristics of the hazard (source);

b) Description of the hazardous situation;

c) Description of the damage mechanism of each hazard (source) of the consumer product;

d) Existing protective measures and their effectiveness;

e) Other relevant information.

7.4 Hazard (source) list

According to the description in 7.3, and according to the requirements of Appendix C in GB/T 22760-2020, the hazards (sources) are classified and listed.

7.5 List of harm types

According to the provisions of Clause 6 and the requirements of Appendix D in GB/T 22760-2020, list the corresponding harm types in various harm scenarios.

8.1 Overview

The goal of risk estimation in this Clause is the process of assigning a value to the severity of the harm and the probability of its occurrence for the harm that may result from a physical hazard (source) for consumer product safety.

8.2 Severity of harm

The same consumer product may cause multiple harm events; and each harm event shall result in different degrees of harm. The value assignment of the severity of damage can be determined by subjective judgment; and the relevant professional experts can make judgments in the form of experimental testing or simulation, expert or consumer questionnaires and interviews. The judgment basis can refer to Table 1 in GB/T 22760-2020.

8.3 Possibility of harm occurrence

8.3.1 Overview

The possibility of harm can be judged according to b) of 4.2.3.2 in GB/T 22760-2020 and the method of A.4.2 in Appendix A of this Document. The data from experimental simulation, experimental testing, consumers, expert judgment and other channels can be given corresponding weights for calculation to obtain the possibility of harm occurrence.

8.3.2 Experimental simulation

Through virtual simulation, real scene observation and other methods, it can obtain the harm events caused by the interaction between human, product and environment when consumers use a certain product, and then infer the possibility of harm occurrence.

8.3.3 Experimental testing

For some hazards (sources), experimental testing methods can be used to determine whether they meet the relevant standards or specifications, so as to obtain the possibility of harm occurrence of the product in a specific harm scenario.

8.3.4 Consumer interview

If consumer goods have been put into circulation and use, the possibility of harm events can be judged by collecting relevant information from consumer questionnaires.

8.3.5 Expert judgment

When the statistical data of harm events are insufficient, the subjective judgment of experts (such as Delphi method and fishbone diagram method) can be used to supplement; but the results of expert judgment are only used as a reference for the possibility of harm occurrence.

8.3.6 Other methods

Through the information from literature, consumer complaints, public opinion, recall notification and other channels, it provides a reference for judging the possibility of harm occurrence.

A.3.3 Determine hazards (sources)

Based on the above analysis, it is known that the hazards (sources) of Product A are small parts and magnetic flux.

A.3.4 Determine the type of harm

According to the harm cases that have occurred and the judgment of relevant experts, the accidental swallowing of Product A by children can easily lead to intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation and suffocation, and the like harmful results.

A.4 Risk estimation

A.4.1 Severity of harm

The classification of harm severity can be based on Table 1 in GB/T 22760-2020. For the convenience of statistics, this Document assigns a value to the harm severity at all levels, see Table A.2. […]