GB/T 28803.1-2025Consumer product safety risk management — Part 1: Directives (English PDF)

3.1 Consumer product

Product designed and produced primarily, but not exclusively, for personal use.

NOTE. it includes product assemblies, components and parts, accessories, instruction for use and packaging. For detailed consumer product classification, see GB/T 36431.

[source. GB/T 35248-2017, 2.2, modified]

3.2 Hazard

Potential source of injury.

[source. GB/T 20002.4-2015, 3.2, modified]

3.3 Injury

3.19 Information hazard

A factor that results in unauthorized, accidental, or intentional access, disclosure, transmission, modification or destruction of information.

[source. GB/T 45097.1-2024, 3.5]

3.20 Ethical hazard

A factor that violates specific behavioral norms that need to be followed in dealing with the interrelations between people, between people and society, or between people and nature.

[source. GB/T 45097.1-2024, 3.6]

3.21 Hazard situation

A situation in which people or property are exposed to one or multiple hazards.

NOTE. this is equivalent to “injury scenario”.

[source. GB/T 20002.4-2015, 3.4, modified]

4.1 Focus on Consumer Safety

Focus on the personal and property safety of consumers when using consumer products, with particular attention paid to special precautions and protection for different special groups (such as the elderly, children and the disabled).

4.2 Focus on New Products

Focus on the use of intelligent, personalized, and customized technologies and new materials in consumer products. Develop product design methods for intelligent consumer products, consumer products for special groups and customized consumer products to ensure product safety to the fullest extent.

4.3 Throughout the Consumer Product Life Cycle

Carrying out risk management based on the consumer product life cycle is conducive to preventing potential risks and maintaining consumer product injury generated during the use within tolerable limits.

4.4 Based on Multi-source Information

The risk management process is based on valid information, which can be obtained from a variety of channels, including existing standards, regulations, experiments, expert judgment and consumer complaints. However, the limitations of such information must be considered when using it.

4.5 Focus on Continuous Improvement

Risk management is the process of continuously reducing risks in response to changes in the social environment. Continuous improvement is the eternal goal of risk management.

Administrative, legal, standard, regulatory and other improvement measures are utilized to continuously and incrementally improve consumer product safety risks.

4.6 Promote Extensive Participation

Strengthen communication among risk management stakeholders, especially the appropriate and timely participation of decision-makers in risk management to ensure the pertinency and effectiveness of risk management.

6.3 Determine Tolerable Risks

The basis for determining tolerable risks includes, but is not limited to, the following contents.

a) Compliance with relevant laws, regulations, as well as national, industry and group standards for consumer products;

b) Publicly released risk assessment research data on potential safety hazards of consumer products;

c) Other scientific research achievements on the safety risk levels of consumer products.

6.4 Preparation of Internal Information

Internal information includes, but is not limited to, the following contents.

a) Consumer product usage information.

— User population. The characteristics of the target consumer product user population (including intended and unintended user populations), such as gender, age, knowledge level and physical condition, shall be clarified. Special attention shall be paid to special user populations (such as the elderly, children and the disabled).

— Intended use. The potential functions of the consumer product shall be defined based on the instruction for use and other information about the consumer product, so that risk management can be based on the intended use of the consumer product.

— Usage behavior. Normal consumer use and reasonably foreseeable misuse shall be defined based on the intended use of the consumer product.

— Service life. The number of years that the consumer product will perform its intended function under normal consumer use and reasonably foreseeable misuse shall be defined.

— Usage environment. The size of the space, ambient temperature and air humidity during the use of the consumer product needs to be considered. The consumer product usage environment includes both normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse.

b) Description of each stage of the consumer product life cycle.

Describe the process characteristics of each stage (such as design, manufacturing, packaging, storage and transportation) of the consumer product life cycle and document them. databases;

d) Domestic and international consumer product recall notifications;

e) Relevant laws, regulations and standards;

f) Consumer product safety testing;

g) Experiments, such as behavioral observation and virtual simulation;

h) Relevant domestic and international research reports.

7.3 Identification Methods

Hazard identification methods can be classified into the following two categories.

a) Cause-effect method. if the hazard is known, then, a hazard situation in which the hazard may cause injury can be constructed, along with the process by which this hazard situation leads to injury. The consequences of the injury can then be inferred from the hazard. The specific method is implemented in accordance with 5.2 in GB/T 39011-2020.

b) Effect-cause method. if potential injury can be judged, then, the potential injury can be taken as a starting point to determine the hazard causing the injury. This method is used to infer the hazard situation from the injury, and then, to infer the hazard. This method can be used at all stages of the consumer product life cycle. The specific method is implemented in accordance with 5.3 in GB/T 39011-2020.

8.1 Overview

Risk estimation can be conducted using a variety of methods. However, when appropriate data is available, quantitative risk estimation methods shall be preferred. In the absence of appropriate data, qualitative risk estimation methods may also be considered. After identifying the hazard, a typical consumer product injury scenario shall be constructed based on the risk factors in 8.2 to estimate the hazard.

8.2 Risk Factors

Generally speaking, a combination of risk factors includes the following contents.

a) Severity of injury;

b) Likelihood of injury.

The severity and likelihood of injury are determined in accordance with the methods provided in Chapter 8 of GB/T 40981-2021.

8.3 Hazard Situation

Reasonably foreseeable sequences or combinations of consumer product safety events that may cause injury shall be considered, and the hazard situation shall be documented. Hazard situation includes, but is not limited to, the following contents.

a) Consumer product user characteristics. the user’s gender, age, intelligence level, physical ability, education, risk appetite and proficiency in using the consumer product should be considered. In particular, the physiological and psychological characteristics of groups with special physical conditions, such as the elderly, children, the disabled and pregnant women, shall be analyzed.

b) Usage behavior characteristics. the following two types of usage behavior should be considered. intended reasonable use and reasonably foreseeable misuse of the consumer product.

c) Consumer product characteristics. the following characteristics of the consumer product should be analyzed, such as product appearance, function, performance, physical hazard, chemical hazard, biohazard, information hazard, ethical hazard and others.

d) Usage environment characteristics. the usage environment of the consumer product should be analyzed, which is mainly to construct the hazard situation that the consumer product may be involved in, and analyze the product usage space, temperature and humidity, etc. in each hazard situation one by one.

8.4 Risk Estimation Methods

8.4.1 For the risk estimation method for physical hazard in consumer products, see Table A.1 of GB/T 22760-2020.

8.4.2 For the risk estimation method for chemical hazard and biohazard in consumer products, see Table A.1 of GB/T 22760-2020.

8.4.3 For the risk estimation method for information hazard and ethical hazard in consumer products, see Appendix A of GB/T 45097.2-2024.

9.1 Overview

During the consumer product life cycle, different risk evaluation methods may be used depending on the completeness of available injury information, the characteristics of the consumer product and the nature of the hazards posed by the consumer product, etc.

9.2 Risk Evaluation Methods

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