GB/T 40097-2021Functional specifications and technical requirements of energy router (English PDF)

3.1 Terms and Definitions

3.1.1 Energy router

It uses a power router as its basic module; it aggregates and manages various forms of energy and energy-carrying media - such as electricity, cooling, heating, gas, and liquid fuel - and possesses capabilities for energy transformation, power conversion, energy transfer and routing.

It enables the integration of physical energy systems with information systems, coordinates with higher-level systems, and controls and manages the connected energy sources, energy storage, and loads.

NOTE: The energy router is a core piece of equipment or system supporting the Energy Internet.

3.1.2 Power router

The basic form of an energy router. It focuses primarily on the control of power, features three or more power ports, and possesses capabilities for power conversion, transfer, and routing among powers with different electrical parameters. It enables the integration of electrical physical systems with information systems, coordinates with higher-level systems, and controls and manages the connected power sources, energy storage, and loads.

NOTE: The power router is a core piece of equipment supporting the Energy Internet and can operate independently.

3.1.3 Energy exchanger

A type of energy router that possesses the basic functions of an energy router.

NOTE: An energy exchanger is a piece of equipment or a system primarily used in the Energy Internet at the low-voltage consumer side to provide integrated energy management and services - supplying energy forms such as electricity, cooling, heating, gas, and liquid fuel, as well as energy-carrying media.

3.1.4 Power exchanger

A type of power router that possesses the basic functions of a power router.

NOTE: A power exchanger is a piece of equipment primarily used in the Energy Internet at the low-voltage consumer side to provide power management and services to users.

3.1.5 Energy routing

It is capable of energy transmission, distribution, and path selection among three or more energy ports, based on external control commands or actual operating conditions.

3.1.6 Energy port

A physical interface within an energy router that exchanges energy with the external environment.

NOTE: It is capable of bidirectional energy flow.

3.1.7 Power conversion

The process of converting power from one form to another (such as AC-to-DC conversion), altering specific parameters - such as power amplitude, frequency, or phase - or changing a combination of these parameters.

3.1.8 Energy transformation

The process of mutually transforming different forms of energy.

3.1.9 Energy port capacity

The maximum amount of energy that can pass through an energy port per unit of time under normal operating conditions.

NOTE: The capacity of the power port is defined as apparent power, measured in volt-amperes (V·A); the capacity of the cold source port is measured in watts (W) or joules per second (J/s); the capacity of the heat source port is measured in watts (W) or joules per second (J/s); the capacity of the gas port is measured in cubic meters per second (m3/s); and the capacity units for other types of energy are determined in accordance with relevant standards.

3.1.10 Power router capacity

The maximum amount of power that a power router can transmit per unit of time under normal operating conditions.

NOTE: If the power router is equipped with an internal energy storage module, the capacity of that storage module is not included in the definition of the power router's capacity.

Under a specific normal operating condition, the minimum value of the total input port capacity and the total output port capacity per unit of time - determined while maintaining a constant energy level in the power router's internal energy storage module - is defined as the power router's operating capacity for that condition. Under all normal operating conditions, the maximum value of the power router's operating capacity is defined as its capacity, Sc, as shown in Formula (1). Where.

Sc -- Power router capacity, in volt-amperes (V·A);

i, o -- The ith input port and the oth output port under a specific normal operating condition, where i, o in [1, 2, 3...n];

Gi, Go -- Sets of input and output port indices under a specific normal operating condition;

Ski -- Capacity of the ith input port under normal operating condition k, in volt-amperes (V·A), where k in [1, 2, 3...m];

Sko -- Capacity of the oth output port under normal operating condition k, in volt-amperes (V·A).

3.1.11 Power router efficiency

The ratio of the total output power to the total input power within a specified test duration (T) under the operating condition where each power port operates at its rated capacity [if the power router is equipped with an internal energy storage module, the energy level of said module shall remain unchanged throughout the test duration (T)].

etap -- Power router efficiency;

sumEout -- Total power output from all ports during the specified test duration (T), in kilowatt-hours (kW·h);

sumEin -- Total power input to all ports during the specified test duration (T), in kilowatt-hours (kW·h);

Pout -- The output power of a specific power port, in kilowatts (kW);

Pin -- The input power of a specific power port, in kilowatts (kW).

3.1.12 Energy router efficiency

The ratio of the total output energy to the total input energy within a specified test duration (T) under the operating condition where each power port operates at its rated capacity.

etae -- Energy router efficiency;

Eout -- Total energy output from all ports during the specified test duration (T), in joules (J);

Ein -- Total energy input to all ports during the specified test duration (T), in joules (J);

Eout.p -- Electricity supplied by the energy router during the specified test duration (T), in kilowatt-hours (kW·h);

Eout.c -- Cooling energy supplied by the energy router during the specified test duration (T), in joules (J);

Eout.h -- Heating energy supplied by the energy router during the specified test duration (T), in joules (J);

Ein.p -- Power input to the energy router during the specified test duration (T), in kilowatt-hours (kW·h);

Cin.g -- Gas input to the energy router during the specified test duration (T), in cubic meters (m3);

eref.p -- Calorific value of 1 kW·h of power, in joules per kilowatt-hour (J/kW·h);

eref.g -- Lower heating value of 1 m³ of gas, in joules per cubic meter (J/m3).

For other forms of energy input to or output from the energy router that are not included in the formulas, Formula (3) may also be referenced to transform them into joules (J) for measurement and calculation.

3.1.13 Energy plug and play

A function of the energy router that automatically identifies and manages the type, parameters, and current operating status of connected devices. Upon connection, it enables the energy transformation, conversion, and transfer associated with the connected energy type, and automatically integrates with the upper-level energy management system to facilitate bidirectional information interaction and operating status adjustments.

3.1.14 Energy local area network

An AC/DC hybrid power distribution and utilization system or an integrated energy system built around a single power router or energy router, designed for the medium-voltage distribution side.

NOTE: An energy local area network can integrate energy flows, data flows, and service flows, enabling the aggregation, conversion, transformation, distribution, and sharing of distributed resources or integrated energy.

3.1.15 Energy sub-local area network

An AC/DC hybrid power utilization system or an integrated energy system designed for low-voltage end-users, built around a single power or energy exchanger.

NOTE: An energy sub-local area network can integrate energy flows, data flows, and service flows to enable the aggregation, conversion, and transformation of distributed or small-scale (micro) resources or integrated energy, as well as energy supply, interaction, and sharing.

An energy sub-local area network may function as a component of an energy local area network or operate independently.

3.2 Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are applicable to this document.

CoAP. Constrained Application Protocol

EE. Energy Exchanger

ER. Energy Router

E-LAN. Energy Local Area Network

E-PnP. Energy Plug and Play

E-Sub-LAN. Energy Sub-Local Area Network

MQTT. Message Queuing Telemetry Transport

PE. Power Exchanger

PR. Power Router

4.1 Rational Openness

Centered on power conversion and management and characterized by the multi-directional, controllable flow of various forms of energy, the energy router possesses capabilities for the conversion, transformation, and management of multiple energy forms. It exhibits characteristics of rational openness - specifically multi-source information fusion and multi-objective resource sharing - and leverages market-based resource allocation and competitive advantages. It encourages the participation of demand-side and third-party entities in energy management and trading, enables unified or distributed energy allocation, and supports the coordinated operation of the Energy Internet.

4.2 Integrated Energy Management

With the goal of enhancing the overall efficiency of energy utilization, cooperative control and other necessary methods are employed to maintain internal energy balance and ensures safe, stable operation of the energy router, thereby supporting multi-faceted energy interaction - encompassing supply, storage, and demand - within the Energy Internet.

4.3 Cyber-Physical Integration

Building upon the sensing capabilities of physical energy systems, this approach deeply integrates computing, storage, communication, coordination, and control functions. Leveraging the Internet of Things (IoT), it coordinates energy flows, data flows, and service flows to enhance the flexibility, autonomy, reliability, economic efficiency, and security of energy networks.

4.4 Combination of Distribution and Coordination

With the goals of decarbonization and decentralization of the Energy Internet, a regional autonomous system based on multi-energy complementarity and a multi-source collaborative architecture are constructed by effectively utilizing adjustable resources - such as distributed energy harvesting devices, distributed energy storage devices, and various controllable loads.