GB/T 18771.1-2015Tobacco vocabulary—Part 1: Tobacco types and tobacco production (English PDF)

2.1 Tobacco

Plants of the genus Solanaceae and Nicotiana in the botanical classification. Most of the found Nicotiana species are wild

There are two species used in cultivation, Nicotianatabacum L. (2.2.1) and Nicotianarustica L.

(2.2.2).

2.2 Classification by botany

2.2.1

Saffron NicotianatabacumL.

Common tobacco

An important type of cultivated tobacco whose flower color is red (2.1). It is an annual herb with upright stems, single leaves alternate, without petiole or broad

Wing-shaped stalks, various leaf shapes, common lanceolate, oblong, oval, or heart-shaped, terminal panicles, corolla funnel-shaped, flowers

The color is mostly reddish, pink to dark red, the fruit is capsule, the whole plant has glandular hair, and the tobacco leaf is the main raw material of cigarette.

Note. Flue-cured tobacco (2.3.1), sun-cured tobacco (2.3.2), air-cured tobacco (2.3.3), burley tobacco (2.3.3.1), Maryland tobacco (2.3.3.2), and spice tobacco (2.3.4), etc. All belong to safflower tobacco.

2.2.2

Boxwood NicotianarusticaL.

A type of cultivated tobacco whose flower color is yellow (2.1). It is an annual herb with short plants, erect stems and few leaves (mostly 15

Below), single leaves alternate, petiole, leaf oval or heart-shaped, terminal inflorescence, corolla tube-shaped, bell-shaped, green-yellow, light yellow to yellow, fertility

The period (4.2) is short and the cold resistance is strong. The method of tobacco leaf modulation (6.2) is mainly based on the sun, combined with drying.

Note. Orchid tobacco, Mohe tobacco, and toad tobacco are all yellow tobacco.

2.2.3 Wild tobacco

Annual or perennial herbs, shrubs, or tree-like plants with different morphologies and no commercial value of tobacco (2.1).

Note. Tobacco (2.1) other than safflower tobacco (2.2.1) and yellow flower tobacco (2.2.2) are wild tobacco.

2.3 Classification by tobacco leaf modulation methods and biological traits

2.3.1 Flue-curedtobacco

Tobacco leaves use tobacco (2.1) prepared by a baking facility (such as a roasting room) or equipment (6.2), and the tobacco leaves (6.2) are the main raw materials for cigarettes.

2.3.2 Sun-curedtobacco

Tobacco leaves use tobacco (2.1) sun-dried (6.2.7), and the tobacco leaves after modulation (6.2) are made of pipe tobacco, hookah, chewing tobacco, and mixed cigarettes.

raw material.

Note. According to the tobacco leaf color (7.13) after modulation (6.2), it can be divided into sun-cured tobacco and sun-cured tobacco.

2.3.3 Air-curedtobacco

Tobacco (2.1) is prepared in a drying facility or in a cool and ventilated place (6.2).

Note. According to the tobacco leaf color (7.13) after modulation (6.2), it is divided into light-colored tobacco [burley (2.3.3.1), Maryland tobacco (2.3.3.2)] and dark-colored tobacco.

2.3.3.1 Burleytobacco

The tobacco plant has a milky white stem and veins (2.1), which is a mutant of Maryland broad-leaved tobacco, which belongs to light-colored tobacco (2.3.3).

The tobacco leaves have strong ability to absorb feed liquid and filling performance, and are the main raw materials of mixed cigarettes.

2.3.3.2 Maryland Tobacco

Tobacco (2.1) originally named in Maryland, USA, belongs to light-colored tobacco (2.3.3), with broad leaves, denser stem nodes, and modulated tobacco

The leaf smoke is fragrant, thin leaves, strong filling ability, and good flammability. It is the raw material of mixed cigarettes.

2.3.3.3 Cigartobacco

The prepared tobacco leaves can be used as cigar tobacco raw materials (2.1), which belongs to air-cured tobacco (2.3.3), and is mostly cultivated in shade.

Note. Cigar tobacco is divided into cigar outer skin tobacco (2.3.3.3.1), cigar inner skin tobacco (2.3.3.3.2) and cigar core tobacco (2.3.3.3.3).

2.3.3.3.1 Cigar Wrapper Tobacco

Modified tobacco leaves are suitable for dark or light-colored air-cured tobacco (2.3.3) wrapped in rolled cigars (egg coat) .The tobacco leaves have thin leaves, fine veins,

Fine structure and good flexibility.

2.3.3.3.2 Cigarbindertobacco

Modified tobacco leaves are suitable for dark or light-colored dry tobacco (2.3.3) with inner foreskin (egg cover) that wraps or fixes the inner core of the cigar,

It has the characteristics of coarser organization, better elasticity and tension.

2.3.3.3.3 Cigarfilertobacco

Modified tobacco leaves are suitable for dark or light-colored air-filled tobacco (2.3.3) filled with cigar inner core (egg core).

2.3.4 Oriental Tobacco

Tobacco (2.1) formed by long-term domestication under special ecological conditions such as the eastern coastal area of the Mediterranean, with thin plants, many leaves and small leaves

It is broad oval or heart-shaped, and the modulation method of the tobacco leaf is to dry it before withering and yellowing (6.2.7). The tobacco leaf has a strong aroma after modulation.

Aroma and good taste are important raw materials for flavor in many types of cigarettes.

Note 1. Oriental tobacco is also known as Turkish or Oriental tobacco.

Note 2. According to leaf shape, leaf color and quality, oriental tobacco can be divided into two types. Type B oriental tobacco (2.3.4.1) and Type S oriental tobacco (2.3.4.2).

2.3.4.1 B-type aromatic tobacco Basmatypeorientaltobacco

The leaves are small (usually 8cm ~ 20cm in length), thick and long oval, without petiole, thin veins, mainly orange color, with soft aroma.

Oriental tobacco (2.3.4) type.

2.3.4.2 S-type aromatic tobacco Samsuntypeorientaltobacco

The leaves are small (usually 12cm ~ 22cm in length), heart-shaped, with petioles, thin veins, mainly brown and brown, with strong

Scented and special flavored tobacco (2.3.4) type.

3.1 Tobacco breeding

Use of theories and techniques of genetics, breeding, molecular biology and other related disciplines to breed and create tobacco that meets production needs

The process of new breeds.

3.2 Introduction

Introduce tobacco varieties (3.4) or germplasm materials from abroad or abroad as local breeding materials or directly promote their application after adaptation experiments

Measures.

Note. Rewrite GB/T 24309-2009, definition 3.1.

3.3 Transgenictobacco

Tobacco with altered genome composition through genetic engineering or modern biotechnology (2.1).

Note 1. Excludes tobacco derived from naturally occurring, artificial selection and crossbreeding techniques (2.1); excludes tobacco induced by chemical or physical methods (2.1);

Tobacco obtained from organ, tissue or cell culture, protoplast fusion, and chromosome ploidy manipulation (2.1) is not included.

Note 2. Rewrite GB/T 24310-2009, definition 3.1.

3.3.1 Controloftransgenictobacco

Take effective measures to restrict or eliminate the process of planting, processing and market circulation of genetically modified tobacco (3.3).

Note. Rewrite YC/T 194-2005, definition 3.3.

3.3.2 Genetically modified tobacco

The specific marker sequence of transgenic tobacco (3.3) was determined to determine whether the sample has undergone artificial genetic modification.

Note. Rewrite YC/T 194-2005, definition 3.4.

3.4 Tobaccovarieties

Under certain ecological and economic conditions, artificial breeding or discovery according to needs has economic value, genetic stability and biological characteristics.

Tobacco (2.1) population that is consistent and given the proper name.

3.5 Tobacco seeds tobaccoseed

Tobacco (2.1) propagules developed from ovules through pollination and fertilization are composed of three parts. seed coat, embryo and endosperm.

3.6 Breeder'sseed

The first batch of tobacco seeds (3.5) of breeds with stable genetic traits and specific and consistent breeders.

Note. The original seed is also called breeder seed.

3.7 The original foundationseed

Tobacco seeds (3.5) of the first generation propagated from the original stock (3.6) or produced in accordance with specific production technology regulations and meeting specified quality requirements

Note. Rewrite GB/T 21138-2007, definition 3.3.

3.8 Thoroughbred certifiedseed

Tobacco seeds for production (3.5) of the first generation or hybrid that are propagated with the original seed (3.7) and meet the specified quality requirements.

Note. Rewrite GB/T 21138-2007, definition 3.4.

3.9 Tobacco coated seeds

The tobacco seed formed after the processing is coated with a seed coating agent (3.5).

3.10 Priming

Promote the repair of cell membranes, organelles, DNA and enzymes by controlling the tobacco seed (3.5) (slowly) absorbing water to keep it in the swell phase

Activation is in the process of preparing for germination but the radicle has not yet broken through the seed coat.

Note. Rewrite YC/T 368-2010, definition 3.2.

3.11 Pregermination

Under certain light, temperature, water and air conditions, physical and chemical methods are used to promote the concentration and neat germination of tobacco seeds (3.5), so that the radicle can break through.

The process of the seed coat (exposure).

Note. Rewrite YC/T 368-2010, definition 3.1.

3.12 Germination energy

Tobacco seeds (3.5) at the initial stage of germination (7d), the ratio of normal germinated seeds to the total number of tested seeds.

Note 1. Germination potential is expressed as a percentage.

Note 2. Rewrite GB/T 25240-2010, definition 3.2.

3.13 Germination rate

Tobacco seeds (3.5) At the end of germination (14d), the ratio of normal germinated seeds to the total number of tested seeds.

Note 1. The germination rate is expressed as a percentage.

Note 2. Rewrite GB/T 25240-2010, definition 3.3.

4.1 Seedling

In the greenhouse or seedling shed, the whole process of germination of tobacco seeds (3.5) to seedlings is completed through carriers such as seed beds or seedling trays.

4.1.1 Tray seedlingintray

Tobacco seedlings (4.1) by using direct seedlings or fake planting of tobacco seedlings (4.1.3) on seedling trays to make tobacco seedlings complete the growing process in the tray.

Note. Rewrite GB/T 25241.2-2010, definition 3.1.

4.1.2 Floating seedlinginfloatsystem

Using a shaped polystyrene or other material grid as a carrier, after filling with a suitable artificially prepared matrix, the grid is floated

Tobacco nursery (4.1) method to complete the seed germination and seedling process of nutrient-containing nursery water.

Note. Rewrite GB/T 25241.1-2010, definition 3.1.

4.1.3 Pseudotransplantation

When the seedlings have 4 to 5 true leaves, they are implanted into another seedbed, nutrition bag or nutrition bowl to cultivate tobacco seedlings.

4.1.4 Seedlingshardening

Agronomic measures to adapt to the natural environment and improve resistance to stress, such as ventilation, light transmission, and control of water and fertilizer supply, are taken before tobacco seedlings are transplanted.

4.1.5 Clipping

In order to control the growth of tobacco seedlings, agronomic operations were carried out to remove the 1/3 ~ 1/2 part of the leaves interlaced in the upper part of the tobacco seedlings.

4.1.6 Seedlingage

Days from emergence to emergence (4.1.7).

4.1.7 Seedlingsdesingedtransplanting

Tobacco seedlings suitable for transplanting.

4.2 Growth period

The growth and development period of tobacco from sowing to seed maturity, the period from cultivation of tobacco to the end of tobacco leaf harvesting (6.1).

4.2.1 Seedling stage

Period from sowing to seedling (4.1.7).

4.2.2 Sowingdate

The date on which tobacco seeds (3.5) are planted into the mother bed or nursery tray, etc.

4.2.3 Emergence stage

The period from sowing to 50% of the cotyledons of the seedlings fully expanded.

4.2.4 Two cross-shaped stage

When the third true leaf appeared, the first and second true leaves were similar in size to the cotyledons, and they were crossed in a cross shape.

4.2.5 Fourcross-shapedstage

When the fifth true leaf appeared, the third and fourth true leaves were similar in size to the first and second true leaves and crossed in a cross shape.

4.2.6 Dateofseedlingdesiredtransplanting

50% of the tobacco seedlings meet the requirements for strong seedlings suitable for transplanting, and the date when transplanting can be performed.

4.2.7 Field growth stage

The entire growth and development period from the transplantation of tobacco seedlings to the end of tobacco leaf harvesting (6.1) (remaining in the field to the end of seed harvesting).

4.2.8 Transplantingdate

The date when tobacco seedlings were planted in the field.

4.2.9 Seedlingrestitutionstage

Tobacco seedlings from transplanting to survival.

Note. After transplanting, more than 50% of the roots of tobacco seedlings will grow back, the leaves will be greener, and the sun will not wither.

4.2.10 Rootspreadingstage

Tobacco seedlings from the survival to the period.

4.2.11 Rosettedate

The number of leaves of 50% tobacco plants in the tobacco field is 12 to 13, and the ratio of the width of the lateral growth to the height of the vertical growth of the tobacco is about 2. 1.

Plants resemble hemispherical dates.

4.2.12 Prosperous fastgrowingstage

The period from tobacco plant to budding.

4.2.13 Flower-budappearingdate

The date when the buds of 50% of the tobacco plants were fully exposed.

4.2.14 Early floweringdate

The date when the first center flower of 10% of tobacco plants was opened was also called the flowering period.

4.2.15 Full flowering date

The date when the first center flower of 50% of tobacco plants is open is also known as the flowering period.

4.2.16 Leafmaturestage

The period from the emergence of tobacco plants to the end of tobacco leaf harvesting (6.1).

4.3 Characteristicsofmaturity

When the tobacco leaves in the field matured (7.4.3), some characteristics of the tobacco leaves appeared.

Note. Mature characteristics include yellowish green leaf color, yellow spots in the middle and upper tobacco leaves, fluff on the surface of tobacco leaves, sticky feel, main veins and parts

Branch veins become white and shiny, leaf tips and leaf margins sag, and stem and leaf angles increase.

4.4 Physiologicalmature

After the prolonged period, the tobacco plant had the most dry matter accumulation and the highest biological yield, and the leaves began to show some mature characteristics (4.3).

4.5 Technicalmature

After physiological maturity, sufficient physiological and biochemical transformation occurs in the tobacco's internal substances, achieving the processability and reproducibility required by the raw materials of tobacco products.

Usability, tobacco leaf quality reaches the best state.

4.6 Capsule mature

50% capsules are yellow-green to yellow-brown, and most seeds are mature.

4.7 Early flower

Under abnormal growth conditions such as drought and low temperature, the tobacco plant will not advance to the height and leaf number characteristics that the variety should have under normal cultivation

Buds bloom.

4.8 Bottom baking withering

Under abnormal growth conditions, the lower tobacco leaves of the tobacco plant have yellowed or withered early (6.2.8) before they reach normal maturity (7.4.3), and then dry.

Withered phenomenon.

4.9 Returntogreen

The yellow tobacco leaves that have entered the mature (4.5) stage in the field turn green again under special conditions (such as rainfall).

4.10 Black smoke stouttobaccoleaf

Due to the excessive supply of fertilizer and water, the leaves in the mature stage remained dark green, brittle, thick and non-yellowing.

4.11 Topping

In order to reduce the consumption of internal nutrients in tobacco plants due to flowering and fruiting, and to promote the distribution of nutrients in the body to the leaves to improve the quality of the tobacco leaves,

An agronomic measure to remove the tops of tobacco plants.

4.12 Keepsuckersonstalk

Tobacco plants show early flowering (4.7) or for some needs, early topping (4.11) is adopted to promote axillary bud growth and an axillary bud is selected for cultivation

Agronomic measures.

4.13 Wiping suckering

Agronomic operations for removing axillary buds in a timely manner after topping (4.11) of tobacco plants.

4.14 Suppressor suckercontrolagent

Substances that have a killing or inhibiting effect on the axillary buds of tobacco plants.

4.15 Agronomicalcharacters

Tobacco (2.1) has agronomic characteristics or characteristics related to growth and development.

4.16 Leaf age

The number of days from the emergence of tobacco leaves (about 2cm in length and about 0.5cm in width) to ripening (7.4.3) at harvest.

[GB/T 23219-2008, definition 3.12]

4.17 Leaf shape

The shape of the tobacco leaf is determined according to the aspect ratio of the blade and the position of the widest part of the blade. Tobacco (2.1) common leaf shapes are oval, egg

Round, heart-shaped, and lanceolate.

Note. The common leaf shapes of tobacco (2.1) are oval, oval, heart-shaped and lanceolate.

4.18 Planting density

The number of tobacco plants per unit area of tobacco field.

Note. Planting density is usually expressed as the number of plants per hectare.

4.19 Tobaccoyield

The economical modulation (6.2) quality of tobacco leaves produced per unit of land area.

Note. Tobacco yield is composed of three factors per unit area, number of leaves per plant, and quality of single leaf.

4.20 Tobacco quality

The degree of superiority and weakness of the inherent characteristics of tobacco leaves.

Note. Tobacco leaf quality usually includes sensory, physical and chemical qualities, etc., affected by location, color (7.13), maturity (7.4), leaf structure (7.5), identity (7.6), oil content (7.7), chroma (7.9), disability (7.10), damage (7.11) and other factors.

5.1 Tobaccodisease

Tobacco (2.1) suffered from pathogenic organisms or other abiotic factors, and a series of morphological, physiological or biochemical pathological changes occurred

Changes in the growth process have hindered the process of normal growth and development, resulting in reduced yield and output value, worsened quality, and even partial or whole plant death.

Note. Rewrite GB/T 23222-2008, definition 2.1.

5.1.1 Tobaccoinfectiondisease

A class of diseases caused by pathogens infecting tobacco (2.1).

Note. According to the source of infection, it is divided into many types such as fungal diseases, bacterial diseases, viral diseases, nematode diseases, and parasitic seed plant diseases.

5.1.2 Tobacconon-infectiondisease

Tobacco disease caused directly or indirectly by abiotic factors such as unsuitable climate, environment or physical chemistry (5.1).

Note. Tobacco non-infectious diseases are also called physiological diseases or non-infectious diseases.

5.1.3 Incidence rate

Percentage of diseased plants in the total number of investigated plants or plant organs (leaf, root, stem, fruit, seed, etc.) proportion.

Note 1. Incidence is expressed as a percentage.

Note 2. Rewrite YC/T 220-2007, definition 3.5.

5.1.4 Disease index

The incidence of disease at the population level of tobacco (2.1) is a statistical result combining the incidence (5.1.3) and the severity of the disease.

The value indicates the degree of onset.

[GB/T 23222-2008, definition 2.3]

5.2 Tobaccopest

Animals that can directly consume tobacco (2.1) or spread tobacco diseases (5.1) and cause loss of tobacco (2.1) growth or economic value.

Note 1. Tobacco pests are mostly insects, including mites and molluscs.

Note 2. Rewrite GB/T 23222-2008, definition 2.2.

5.2.1 Population density

The number of live insects per unit area, unit mass, or tobacco infestation (2.1) per plant.

5.3 Loss rate

Tobacco (2.1) was damaged by diseases and insects, and the loss of tobacco leaves accounted for the percentage of total tobacco leaf output or output value.

6.1 Harvest

The process of obtaining tobacco leaves by fractional leaf collection (6.1.1) or chopping stems.

[ISO 10185..2004, definition 2.2.1]

6.1.1 (Dividing) leaf picking

The method of harvesting mature (7.4.3) tobacco leaves in stages.

[ISO 10185..2004, definition 2.2.2]

6.1.2 Harvesting whole plant stalkcutting

Harvesting of the entire tobacco plant (tobacco leaves attached to the stem).

[ISO 10185..2004, definition 2.2.3]

6.1.3 Half-cutting mixed cropting

The lower tobacco leaves are harvested (6.1.1), and the upper tobacco leaves are cut.

[ISO 10185..2004, definition 2.2.4]

6.2 Modulation

Use natural temperature and humidity or artificially control the temperature and humidity to promote the corresponding change in tobacco color (7.13)

To the drying process.

Note. The modulation methods include baking (6.2.1), drying (6.2.5), and drying (6.2.7).

6.2.1 Flue-curing

The harvested tobacco leaves are placed in a specific facility in a certain way, and the color of tobacco leaves is changed from green to yellow and artificially controlled by temperature and humidity

The whole process of constant dehydration and drying.

Note. Baking is usually divided into yellowing (6.2.9) stage, fixed color (6.2.10) stage, and dry tendon (6.2.11) stage.

6.2.2 Bakingcharacteristics

Characteristics of tobacco leaf formed during growth and development, and manifested during curing (6.2.1).

Note. The baking characteristics include easy baking (6.2.2.1) and baking resistance (6.2.2.2).

6.2.2.1 Easycuringpotential

Tobacco leaves showed the characteristics of easy yellowing (6.2.9) and fixed color (6.2.10) during the curing process (6.2.1).

Note. Rewrite YC/T 311-2009, definition 3.2.

6.2.2.2 Endurablecuringpotential

The adaptability of tobacco leaves to the environment of curing (6.2.1) during yellowing (6.2.9) and fixation (6.2.10) and the characteristics of not being easily damaged.

Note. Rewrite YC/T 311-2009, definition 3.3.

6.2.3 Dense baking bulkcuring

Use tobacco charging methods such as tobacco clips, tobacco rods, and loose leaf stacking to tightly hang the harvested tobacco leaves or place them in the grill, using forced hot air circulation

Tobacco curing (6.2.1) is performed in a ring manner.

6.2.4 Flue-curingbarn

Special facilities for...