GB/T 18451.2-2025Wind energy generation systems - Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines (English PDF)

Foreword

This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1: Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents".

Drafting.

This document is Part 2 of GB/T 18451 "Wind Turbine Generator Sets". GB/T 18451 has already published the following parts.

---GB/T 18451.1 Design requirements for wind turbine generator sets;

---GB/T 18451.2 Power characteristic test of wind turbine generator set in wind power generation system.

This document replaces GB/T 18451.2-2021 "Power Characteristic Test of Wind Turbine Generator Sets" and is consistent with GB/T 18451.2-2021.

Compared to previous versions, aside from structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.

a) The impact assessment of wind turbine generators and obstacles at the test site has been removed (see Appendix A of the 2021 edition);

b) The test site topography assessment has been removed (see Appendix B of the 2021 edition);

c) The site marking procedure has been removed (see Appendix C of the 2021 edition);

d) The wind tunnel calibration procedure for anemometers has been deleted (see Appendix F of the 2021 edition);

e) The installation of wind measurement tower equipment has been removed (see Appendix G of the 2021 edition);

f) The classification of cup anemometers and acoustic anemometers has been removed (see Appendix I of the 2021 edition);

g) The evaluation of cup anemometers and acoustic anemometers has been removed (see Appendix J of the 2021 edition);

h) Field comparison of anemometers has been removed (see Appendix K in the 2021 edition);

i) The wind tunnel calibration procedure for anemometers has been revised (see Appendix L, Appendix L of the 2021 edition).

This document is equivalent to IEC 61400-12-1:2022 "Wind power generation systems - Part 12-1.Power characteristics of wind turbine generators".

test".

The following minimal editorial changes have been made to this document.

---To align with existing standards, the standard name has been changed to "Power Characteristic Test of Wind Turbine Generator Sets in Wind Power Generation Systems".

---Incorporated the technical errata from IEC 61400-12-1:2022/CORR1.2023, and placed in the blank space outside the relevant clause.

It was marked with a vertical double line (||).

Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents.

This document was proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation.

This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Standardization of Wind Power (SAC/TC50).

Introduction

Wind turbine generator power characteristic testing is used to evaluate the generator's power generation efficiency, predict the annual power generation of a wind farm, and conduct project economic evaluation.

Core Basis. With the deepening of the large-scale and commercial development of my country's wind power industry, market participants have increasing demands for the accuracy and consistency of power characteristic data.

Higher requirements have been placed on the accuracy and comparability of testing methods. This necessitates standardizing testing methods, unifying evaluation criteria, ensuring fair trade, and promoting technological progress and international standards.

This section is specifically designed for communication purposes.

The purpose of this section is to provide a unified methodology to ensure consistency and accuracy in the testing and analysis of wind turbine power characteristics.

And reproducibility.

This section, structurally part 2 of GB/T 18451, is based on the inherent requirements of a complete technical evaluation system for wind turbine generator sets.

The GB/T 18451 series of standards for wind turbine generator sets aims to comprehensively cover the technical requirements of the units, and their structures are designed according to different technical activities.

The domain is divided. Separating the highly independent and methodologically complete technical topic of "power characteristic testing" into a separate section is beneficial for...

It provides in-depth and detailed regulations to facilitate specific reference and implementation by users.

This section applies to the following parties.

---Wind turbine manufacturer, used to verify product performance, support design optimization, meet well-defined power characteristic requirements, and advance...

Product declaration;

---For wind turbine purchasers and owners to clarify power characteristic technical requirements in the procurement contract and acceptance process;

---For wind turbine operators to verify that newly commissioned or refurbished turbines meet established power characteristic technical requirements;

---Wind farm planners, design firms, financing institutions, and industry regulators use this information to accurately and impartially assess turbine performance and ensure project safety.

There are clear guidelines for planning, grid connection approval, and electricity price calculation.

This section provides comprehensive guidance on the measurement, analysis, uncertainty assessment, and report writing for wind turbine power characteristic testing.

By adopting the standardized procedures recommended in this section, the aforementioned parties can communicate and compare within a unified technical framework, thereby effectively improving risk management.

Transparency and reliability throughout the entire process of power generator development, certification, trade, and operation.

Following the procedures outlined in this section will hopefully yield accurate and reliable test results that can be reproduced by others. However, standard users must...

It is recognized that, due to the inherent spatiotemporal variability of wind resources in nature (such as variations in wind shear, turbulence intensity, and inflow angle), even in the same location...

However, test results may vary depending on the location of the meteorological tower and the time period. Therefore, before signing the power characteristic testing contract, the standard requires...

Users need to consider the impact of these differences and the data selection criteria relevant to the testing objectives.

GB/T 18451 establishes the minimum design requirements and structural design for wind turbine generator sets, covering control and protection functions, internal electrical systems, etc.

The system, mechanical system, and supporting structure, etc., consist of two parts. design requirements and power characteristic testing.

---GB/T 18451.1 Design Requirements for Wind Turbine Generator Sets. The purpose is to provide unified design requirements to ensure the performance of wind power generation.

The standardized design of the unit prevents various hazards from damaging the wind turbine generator.

---GB/T 18451.2 Power characteristic test of wind turbine generator sets in wind power generation systems. The purpose is to clarify the power characteristics of wind turbine generator sets.

Power characteristic testing requirements and methods to verify the power generation performance of wind turbine generators designed in accordance with Part 1.

Wind power generation system Wind turbine generator power characteristic test

1 Scope

This document describes a test method for the power characteristics of a single wind turbine generator unit, applicable to all types and sizes of grid-connected wind power units.

Generator sets. In addition, this document describes small wind turbine generator sets (as defined in IEC 61400-2) that are connected to the grid and connected to battery banks.

A test method for the power characteristics of wind turbine generator sets. This test method is applicable to evaluating the performance of specific wind turbine generator sets in specific geographical locations.

Similarly, when considering the effects of specific site conditions and data screening, this testing method is applicable to wind turbines of different types or configurations.

A general comparison was performed on the group.

Appendix R provides considerations related to the assessment of uncertainty in the power characteristic tests of multiple wind turbine generators for reference.

This document describes a measurement method that requires assessing the sources of uncertainty and their combined effects to determine the measurement power curve.

The lines and derived power generation charts are supplemented. Sources of uncertainty in wind measurements are determined according to the procedures described in relevant wind measurement equipment standards.

The uncertainty of the power curve and annual power generation is assessed according to the procedures outlined in this document.

2 Normative references

The contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included.

For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies.

This document.

GB/T 33225-2025 Power Characteristic Test of Wind Turbine Generator Sets Based on Nacelle Anemometer Method for Wind Power Generation Systems (IEC 61400-12-2:2022, IDT) GB/T 46242-2025 Power Characteristic Testing and Obstacle and Terrain Assessment for Wind Power Generation Systems (IEC 61400-12-5:2022) IDT) ISO 2533 Standard Atmosphere

1995)

Note. GB/T 27418-2017 Evaluation and expression of measurement uncertainty (ISO/IEC Guide 98-3.2008, MOD) IEC 60688:2024 Electrical measuring transmitters that convert AC and DC electrical quantities into analog or digital signals.

Note. GB/T 13850-1998 Electrical measuring transmitters that convert AC electrical quantities into analog or digital signals (IEC 688:1992, IDT) IEC 61400-2 Wind Turbines - Part 2: Small Wind Turbines) Note. GB/T 17646-2017 Small wind turbine generator sets (IEC 61400-2:2013, IDT) IEC 61400-12-2 Wind power generation systems – Part 12-2.Power characteristic testing of wind turbine generators based on nacelle anemometer method Note. GB/T 33225-2025 Power Characteristic Test of Wind Turbine Generators Based on Nacelle Anemometer Method (IEC 61400-12-2) 2022, IDT)