GB 40161-2021Filters - Safety requirements (English PDF)

4.1 General The dangerous items listed in 4.2~

4.7 are based on the provisions of GB/T 15706, and the risk assessment of the filter specified in GB/T 7780 is carried out. result. These dangerous items may occur when the equipment is used, transported, installed, debugged, repaired, and dismantled under the predetermined conditions specified in the instruction manual. In various links such as unloading and disposal.

4.2.1 Design factors

4.2.1.1 The structural design is wrong or unreasonable, such as insufficient strength and rigidity of the structural parts and connecting parts, poor stability or the fastening parts of the rotating parts Without reliable anti-loosening measures, it cannot effectively prevent personnel from being injured.

4.2.1.2 Wrong selection of materials.

4.2.1.3 The calculation of the strength of the pressure component (such as the cylinder) of the filter within the scope of TSG21-2016 is incorrect or unreasonable.

4.2.1.4 The filters used in the pharmaceutical and food industries do not meet the requirements of the "Pharmaceutical Production Quality Management Regulations (Revised in.2010)".

4.2.1.5 There are no effective protective devices or protective measures for the moving parts.

4.2.1.6 The design of hydraulic and pneumatic systems is unreasonable, there is no overload or pressure loss protection device, and there is no interlock protection for related actions during operation.

4.2.1.7 The vibration hazard caused by the filter feed shock, material fluctuation, rapping device and other factors.

4.2.1.8 The sealing measures of the dangerous parts of the filter are unqualified or not sealed, such as the flange of the hydraulic cylinder, the pipe connection part of the pressure component Bit and so on.

4.2.2 Manufacturing factors

4.2.2.1 The chemical composition and mechanical properties of the material do not meet the standards or design requirements.

4.2.2.2 Welding and inspection are not carried out in accordance with the regulations, and the welding quality does not meet the design requirements.

4.2.2.3 Castings and forgings did not meet the design requirements or were not inspected as required.

4.2.2.4 The manufacturing and processing accuracy of parts does not meet the design requirements, and the assembly of parts or the whole machine does not meet the design requirements.

4.2.2.5 The main parts and components that should be processed by the process are not processed or processed in accordance with the regulations, and the parts do not meet the requirements after the processing.

4.2.2.6 The accessible parts of the filter have burrs, sharp corners and sharp edges that may cause personal injury.

4.3 Electrical hazards

4.3.1 The electrical system design is unreasonable and there is a safety risk.

4.3.2 The electrical equipment does not meet the safety requirements.

4.3.3 Insufficient alarms for electric shock, overload protection and faults.

4.4 Noise hazard The filter does not take effective measures to reduce noise and noise, and the hearing loss, fatigue, tension and loss of consciousness caused by noise, and the resultant Causes the risk of misoperation of the machine, falling and falling of personnel.

4.5 Danger of temperature and temperature rise

4.5.1 Dangers caused by excessive temperature and temperature rise of parts such as the main bearing of the filter.

4.5.2 The oil temperature of the hydraulic system and the danger caused by excessive oil temperature rise.

4.5.3 Due to the high temperature in the working process of the filter (such as a filter designed with a heating jacket or coil) or the material itself has Danger caused by high temperature, etc.

4.6 Supplementary materials and material hazards

4.6.1 Dangers caused by contact with toxic or harmful auxiliary materials (such as asbestos, coating materials, etc.).

4.6.2 Dangers caused by toxic or corrosive materials.

4.6.3 Poisoning, allergies, burns and explosions caused by volatile, flammable or explosive materials.

4.6.4 The hazards caused by the gas, mist, fiber, dust and suspended matter that may be generated during the filtering process of the material.

4.7 Other dangers

4.7.1 The possible dangers caused by ignoring the principles of ergonomics, such as error-prone operating directions, device heights, and inappropriate photos Obviously, the improper design of the operating program leads to excessive tension and fatigue of the operator.

4.7.2 The safety warning signs and instructions for use are improperly designed or invalid.

4.7.3 For a filter with a larger body size, if it is necessary to board the body for operation, maintenance and overhaul, effective protective equipment is not adopted. And measures.

4.7.4 Improper safety design, such as improper or inadequate determination of hazard factor analysis and remaining risks.

4.7.5 Improper installation or maintenance of the filter does not meet the requirements, causing danger.

5.1 Basic requirements

5.1.1 The filter should take the measures of intrinsic safety design to the greatest extent, and eliminate or reduce risks through design. Not suitable by design Where local risks are avoided or adequately limited, safety protection devices or measures should be adopted to avoid personal injury.

5.1.2 For the remaining wind that cannot be eliminated or sufficiently reduced by design, and the safety protection device is invalid or incompletely effective for it. The user of the filter should be notified and warned through the use of information.

5.1.3 The use information is an integral part of the filter supply, and the use information should not be used to make up for design defects or replace safety protection Device.

5.1.4 The design, manufacture, installation, use and maintenance of the filter shall meet the requirements of GB/T 15706 and GB 5083.

5.1.5 The safety requirements and design of the relevant safety components of the filter control system should meet the requirements of GB/T 16855.1.

5.1.6 The design of the filter should meet the requirements of GB/T 14776 and GB/T 16251.

5.2.1 Design factors

5.2.1.1 The main structural parts and connecting parts of the filter should be checked for strength, and the stiffness and stability should meet the design requirements.

5.2.1.2 Reliable anti-loosening devices or measures should be provided at the fastening parts of the rotating parts of the filter.

5.2.1.3 Materials with performance indicators that meet or exceed the design requirements should be selected.

5.2.1.4 The design, manufacturing and inspection of pressure components of the filter within the scope of TSG21-2016 should meet the requirements of GB/T 150 Claim.

5.2.1.5 Filters used in the pharmaceutical and food industries should meet the requirements of the "Pharmaceutical Production Quality Management Regulations (Revised in.2010)".

5.2.1.6 At the moving parts (such as gears, shafts, transmission belts, chains, blades, scrapers, etc.) that are easily accessible to the operator, or transport Between moving parts and stationary parts, effective protective devices or effective restrictive measures should be set up, and protective devices or restrictive measures should not be taken with To add danger. The protective device should meet the requirements of GB/T 8196.Restrictive measures should meet the requirements of GB/T 23821 and GB/T 12265.3 begging. Such as.

a) Filters with walking filter belts (cloth) (such as belt press filters, belt vacuum filters, filter presses, etc.) should be equipped to prevent personnel Or clothing and other protective devices or restrictive measures that are involved;

b) For exposed rotating parts (such as the rotary drum vacuum filter, the turntable of the disc vacuum filter), measures should be taken to prevent personal contact;

c) Exposed transmission components (such as filter press pull plate mechanism, gears) should have protective measures.

5.2.1.7 The filter parts and components that need to be hoisted, unless their shape is suitable for hoisting, should be provided with obvious hoisting rings, ears or hoisting Lifting devices such as bolts, or marked with obvious lifting positions. For filters with packaging boxes, there should also be an obvious lifting position on the packaging box Logo.

5.2.1.8 The safety requirements of the hydraulic system shall meet the requirements in GB/T 3766.

5.2.1.9 The safety requirements of the pneumatic system shall meet the requirements in GB/T 7932.

5.2.1.10 The filter should consider the vibration caused by the impact of the feed, the fluctuation of the material, the rapping device, etc., and the pipe connection and installation foundation should be taken into consideration. Consider having effective vibration damping and vibration isolation devices, as well as anti-vibration measures.

5.2.1.11 The sealing part of the filter that may be dangerous should be tested for airtightness, and the airtightness should meet the design requirements.

5.2.2 Manufacturing factors

5.2.2.1 The mechanical properties of the main components of the filter (such as the barrel, barrel flange, filter press cylinder, piston rod, spindle, filter frame, etc.) The energy and chemical composition should meet the design requirements, and there should be a material quality certificate from the material manufacturer. The filter manufacturer should follow the certificate Check and accept the materials.

5.2.2.2 The filter forged and welded parts shall meet the design requirements and be inspected as required. The inspection method shall meet the requirements of JB/T 9095 and JB/T 10411. Claim.

5.2.2.3 The filter casting should meet the design requirements and be inspected in accordance with the relevant standards.

5.2.2.4 The main parts and components of the filter that should be processed by the process, the processing process should meet the requirements of relevant standards, and the processed parts should meet the design Claim.

5.2.2.5 The parts of the filter that can be touched by personnel should be free of burrs, sharp edges and sharp corners.

5.2.2.6 The material for the main parts of the filter is allowed to be substituted with materials with the same or better performance, but it should be approved by the design department.

5.3 Electrical system safety requirements

5.3.1 For parameters that may cause danger such as extreme positions, temperature, pressure, vibration, etc., the electrical system should have the necessary automatic monitoring functions. In the event of a certain over-limit fault, it should be reliably stopped and alarm, and work cannot be started automatically before the fault is eliminated.

5.3.2 The electrical system of the filter should be in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 5226.1 to prevent electrical hazards.

5.3.3 The related actions of the electrical control system of the filter shall be interlocked in the order required by the design, and shall have the intention to prevent misoperations. The function of the occurrence of external faults and/or dangerous events.

5.3.4 The power wiring of the driving motor of the moving parts in the filter should ensure that its movement direction and the movement direction sign or warning sign requirements Unanimous.

5.3.5 The electrical system should be equipped with an emergency stop device, which should be able to stop all dangerous operations and movements. After resetting the emergency stop Should cause a restart, the requirements and design principles of the emergency stop device should meet the requirements of GB/T 16754.

5.3.6 The emergency stop and stop device in the control system should not cause any dangerous situation after resetting.

5.3.7 The insulation resistance of the electrical equipment of the filter should meet the design requirements.

5.3.8 The protection level of the electrical equipment enclosure should meet the design requirements to avoid failure due to the immersion of external gas, dust and liquid Or dangerous.

5.3.9 The technical data provided with the electrical equipment shall meet the requirements of GB/T 5226.1, and the system diagram (if necessary), circuit schematic diagram, Installation drawings and operating instructions, maintenance instructions and product qualification certificates.

5.4 Noise requirements

5.4.1 The noise generated by the filter should meet the requirements of the relevant product standards, and the detection method should meet the requirements of GB/T 10894.

5.4.2 The filter should have noise reduction devices or measures.

5.5 Temperature and temperature rise requirements

5.5.1 The temperature and temperature rise of the main bearing and other parts of the filter should meet the requirements of the relevant product standards.

5.5.2 The oil temperature and oil temperature rise of the hydraulic system should meet the requirements of GB/T 3766 and related product standards.

5.5.3 The main bearing and other parts of the filter should have a structural design that is convenient for temperature measurement.

5.5.4 For some filters that have high temperature hazards due to their own working principles or characteristics, measures should be taken to reduce the temperature or prevent personnel Contact with high temperature parts.

5.5.5 For the high temperature of the processed materials, there should be protective devices to prevent the high temperature materials from flowing out or splashing out.

5.5.6 If it is possible to spray high-temperature fluid, there should be protective devices or measures in the direction of spraying.

5.6 Safety requirements for auxiliary materials and materials

5.6.1 Toxic or hazardous auxiliary materials The filter should not be made of toxic or harmful auxiliary materials. If it must be used, there should be protective devices or measures to prevent personnel from contacting it.

5.6.2 Toxic or corrosive materials When the filter is used to filter toxic or corrosive materials, there should be isolation protection devices and measures to prevent personnel from contacting.

5.6.3 Flammable and explosive materials

5.6.3.1 When the filter is used to filter volatile flammable and explosive materials, the filter should be equipped with airtight, explosion-proof or explosion-proof devices or measures. And meet the requirements of GB 3836.1.

5.6.3.2 The electrical equipment used at the working site of the filter shall comply with the provisions of GB 3836.1.The explosion-proof and explosion-proof grades should meet the design requirements, so Explosion-proof and explosion-proof electrical equipment should have a certificate of conformity issued by the relevant department.

5.6.3.3 Obvious grounding signs should be provided at the filter body and base, and the grounding requirements should meet the requirements of GB 3836.1.

5.6.3.4 When the filter is working, the airtight cavity in contact with flammable and explosive materials shall be protected by inert gas. When, it has the function of alarm or automatic shutdown.

5.6.3.5 For electrically controlled hydraulic valves used in flammable and explosive sites, hydraulic instrument components shall have explosion-proof functions and shall be accompanied by relevant quality certificate.

5.6.3.6 For filters used in underground coal mines, if they are equipped with equipment in the mining product safety certification catalog, their configuration equipment should be obtained from mining products. Product safety mark certification (MA certification).

5.6.3.7 Electrical equipment used in combustible dust environment should meet the requirements of GB 12476.1.

5.7 Other safety requirements

5.7.1 The coating of the filter should not cause tension, fatigue, dizziness and misoperation of personnel.

5.7.2 If the filter needs to be installed with lighting, fans and other equipment, it should not affect the operation of the personnel or cause injury to the personnel.

5.7.3 The operating devices such as the filter operating platform should meet the requirements of GB/T 18209.3.

5.7.4 For filters with larger body sizes (such as turntable vacuum filters and rotary table vacuum filters), if personnel are required to board the filter to operate, Personnel passing and standing operation positions should have protective devices or measures to prevent falling and falling.

5.7.5 The safety devices and measures of all filters should not bring new dangers to personnel and filters.

5.7.6 The filter that requires personnel to enter the body for operation should have measures to prevent personnel from being trapped. If the measures fail, personnel should escape. And rescue protection measures.

5.8 File information

5.8.1 Product files and technical files should be established during the manufacturing process of the filter. The file for designing the safety performance of the filter is pressed in the manufacturing plant The design life of the device is preserved.

5.8.2 Product files generally include. material quality assurance certificates, repair records, inspection records, factory inspection reports, and major external Certificates of purchased parts, etc.; technical files should include design calculations, electrical system design drawings, and pneumatic and hydraulic system design drawings.

5.8.3 Product archives should be archived one by one according to the machine number, and technical archives can be archived collectively.

6.1 Basic requirements

6.1.1 When the filter manufacturer provides filter products, it should provide detailed usage information so that users can safely follow this information. Install, use and maintain the machine.

6.1.2 Use information should be given in the form of signs and instructions for use.

6.2 Logo

6.2.1 The signs shall be given in the form of product signs, signs of rotation and movement directions, and warning signs. The logo should be in a prominent part of the book Write and identify. The terminology used in the logo shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 4774.The text and pattern of the logo should be clear and conform to The provisions of GB/T 18209.2.

6.2.2 The product label of the filter should indicate the normal rated technical parameters of the filter in accordance with the corresponding product standards. Given in the sign Technical parameters should be accurate and true.

6.2.3 The signs should meet the requirements of GB/T 13306.

6.2.4 The moving parts of the filter should have movement direction signs. The signs should be eye-catching, clear, free from misunderstanding and firm and reliable.

6.2.5 The dangerous parts of the filter (such as rotating parts, transmission parts, discharge ports, hydraulic cylinders and escalator railings of large bodies, etc.) should be equipped with alarms. The signs should be eye-catching, firm and reliable (for example, there should be hazard warning signs at the oil cylinder head of the filter press), and should comply with GB 2894 Regulations.

6.3 Instructions for use

6.3.1 The basic requirements and general provisions of the instruction manual shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 9969.The terms used in the instruction manual should Meet the requirements of GB/T 4774.

6.3.2 The manufacturer shall provide an instruction manual that can correctly guide the user to install, use, maintain, etc. Instructions for use should clearly specify Determine the intended use of the filter, the restrictions on the material, and should include all instructions to ensure the safety and correct installation, use and maintenance of the filter. The user should be required to use the machine reasonably according to the instructions, and the filter should be used in other ways that do not follow the requirements in the instructions. Proper warning of potential hazards. The manufacturer can also make suggestions on the overhaul period of the machine according to the conditions of use provided by the user.

6.3.3 The operating instructions of the filter should include.

a) Information about the transportation, handling and storage of the filter, such as.

---The storage conditions of the machine;

---Installation size, quality, center of mass position;

---Requirements on the foundation;

---Transportation instructions (such as lifting position, application point).

b) Information about the delivery and operation of the filter, such as.

---Fixation and vibration buffer requirements;

---Installation conditions;

---Installation procedures and steps, installation requirements and adjustments of each system, etc.;

---Space required for use and maintenance;

--- Allowable environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, corrosive gas, etc.);